松辽盆地长岭断陷断层特征及其控油气作用
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摘要
松辽盆地长岭断陷发现了多种类型的油气藏,不同构造区带油气藏类型及规模差异较大。基于地震资料解释分析,对长岭断陷的不同构造区带的断层特征、断层形成机制及活动性质开展了研究,结合勘探实践,探讨了断层对长岭断陷油气成藏的控制作用,指出了不同构造区带的重点勘探方向。长岭断陷发育断陷期、拗陷期及反转期3期不同性质的断层,断层形成机制为在北北东向左行拉张走滑的应力背景下,产生次级的北东向(P剪切)、南北向—北北西向(R剪切)以及北西向(T破裂)断层。不同构造区带的断层活动有较大差异,断层对长岭断陷烃源岩分布、相关圈闭的形成以及油气运移和调整有重要的控制作用,在构造定型早、拗陷期断层活动微弱的地区,原生油气藏保存较好,要注重下白垩统火石岭组、沙河子组、营城组原生油气藏的勘探。而在断层活动持续时间长,尤其是存在反转的深大断层及走滑断层地区,次生油气藏是重要的勘探方向。
Multiple types of oil and gas reservoirs have been found in the Changling Faulted Depression, and the reservoir types and pool size are variable in different areas. Fault characteristics, forming mechanisms and activity periods were studied based on seismic interpretation. The fault controls on hydrocarbon accumulation were discussed, and the main exploration targets in different areas were identified. Three types of fault were formed during the fault, depression and inversion periods. Under a NNE direction sinistral strike-slip and tension stress background, many NE, NS-NNW and NW direction secondary faults were generated. The fault activity characteristics varied in different areas. Due to fault activities, multiple types of structural traps were formed. The faults have a great influence on oil and gas migration and accumulation in the Changling Faulted Depression. In the areas that the faults are inactive and the tectonics are stable during the depression and the inversion periods, primary reservoirs were well preserved. As a result, the primary reservoirs in the Huoshiling, Shahezi and Yingcheng formations are main exploration targets. The secondary reservoirs are important exploration directions for the long duration of fault activity, especially in the deep faults and strike-slip faults.
Multiple types of oil and gas reservoirs have been found in the Changling Faulted Depression, and the reservoir types and pool size are variable in different areas. Fault characteristics, forming mechanisms and activity periods were studied based on seismic interpretation. The fault controls on hydrocarbon accumulation were discussed, and the main exploration targets in different areas were identified. Three types of fault were formed during the fault, depression and inversion periods. Under a NNE direction sinistral strike-slip and tension stress background, many NE, NS-NNW and NW direction secondary faults were generated. The fault activity characteristics varied in different areas. Due to fault activities, multiple types of structural traps were formed. The faults have a great influence on oil and gas migration and accumulation in the Changling Faulted Depression. In the areas that the faults are inactive and the tectonics are stable during the depression and the inversion periods, primary reservoirs were well preserved. As a result, the primary reservoirs in the Huoshiling, Shahezi and Yingcheng formations are main exploration targets. The secondary reservoirs are important exploration directions for the long duration of fault activity, especially in the deep faults and strike-slip faults.
引文
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[18] 王苗,陆建林,左宗鑫,等.火山—碎屑充填盆地的层序地层学研究:以松辽盆地长岭断陷为例[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(6):796-802. WANG Miao,LU Jianlin,ZUO Zongxin,et al.Sequence stratigraphic research of volcanic and clastic sediment basins:a case study of Changling Fault Depression in Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2016,38(6):796-802.
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[20] 李浩,陆建林,左宗鑫,等.长岭断陷南部断陷层湖相优质烃源岩发育控制因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):209-218. LI Hao,LU Jianlin,ZUO Zongxin,et al.Controlling factors of high-quality lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks in southern Changling Depression[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2015,36(2):209-218.
[2] 周荔青,吴聿元,张淮.松辽盆地断陷层系油气成藏的分区特征[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(1):7-12. ZHOU Liqing,WU Yuyuan,ZHANG Huai.Zoned-distribution of oil and gas accumulation in fault depressions in the Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2007,29(1):7-12.
[3] 侯贵廷,冯大晨,王文明,等.松辽盆地的反转构造作用及其对油气成藏的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(1):49-53. HOU Guiting,FENG Dachen,WANG Wenming,et al.Reverse structures and their impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in Songliao Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2004,25(1):49-53.
[4] 罗群.中国东北地区断裂系统及其控藏特征[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(3):205-210. LUO Qun.Fault systems and characteristics of their controlling reservoir formation in the Northeast China[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2010,32(3):205-210.
[5] 陈凯,漆家福,刘震,等.渤海海域渤东地区新生代断裂特征及对油气的控制[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(1):63-71. CHEN Kai,QI Jiafu,LIU Zhen,et al.Characteristics of Cenozoic fault systems and dominating action on hydrocarbon accumulation in eastern Bohai Sea area[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2012,31(1):63-71.
[6] 冯志朋,苏唔,陈淑平.柴达木盆地北缘断裂构造特征及其控藏模式[J].大庆石油学院报,2011,35(1):21-25. FENG Zhipeng,SU Wu,CHEN Shuping.The structure characteristic of fault and its control over hydrocarbon reservoir in the north of Chaidamu Basin[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2011,35(1):21-25.
[7] 周霞,李海涛.断裂系统与油气成藏关系研究:以准噶尔盆地车排子地区沙湾组为例[J].石油物探,2011,50(4):417-424. ZHOU Xia,LI Haitao.Study on the relationship between fault system and hydrocarbon accumulation:case study of Shawan Formation of Chepaizi area,Junggar Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(4):417-424.
[8] 刘峻桥,张桐,吕延防,等.断裂密集带对油气运聚成藏的控制:以松辽盆地杏北扶余油层为例[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(4):453-460. LIU Junqiao,ZHANG Tong,Lü Yanfang,et al.Controls of intensively faulted zones on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation:an example of Fuyu oil layer in Xingbei area,Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2017,39(4):453-460.
[9] 能源,漆家福,张春峰,等.金湖凹陷断裂特征及其石油地质意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,2012,36(1):16-23. NENG Yuan,QI Jiafu,ZHANG Chunfeng,et al.Structural features of the Jinhu Sag in the Subei Basin and its petroleum geological significance[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2012,36(1):16-23.
[10] 赵文智,李建忠.基底断裂对松辽南部油气聚集的控制作用[J].石油学报,2004,25(4):1-6. ZHAO Wenzhi,LI Jianzhong.Control of basement faults on hydrocarbon accumulation in southern Songliao Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(4):1-6.
[11] 董月霞,汪泽成,郑红菊,等.走滑断层作用对南堡凹陷油气成藏的控制[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(4):424-430. DONG Yuexia,WANG Zecheng,ZHENG Hongju,et al.Control of strike-slip faulting on reservoir formation of oil and gas in Nanpu Sag[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(4):424-430.
[12] 陆建林,左宗鑫,李瑞磊,等.松辽盆地长岭断陷变质核杂岩带的发现及其控油气作用研究[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(6):771-777. LU Jianlin,ZUO Zongxin,LI Ruilei,et al.Discovery of metamorphic core complex in Changling Faulted Depression and its controls on hydrocarbons[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2018,40(6):771-777.
[13] 付晓飞,许鹏,魏长柱,等.张性断裂带内部结构特征及油气运移和保存研究[J].地学前缘,2012,19(6):200-212. FU Xiaofei,XU Peng,WEI Changzhu,et al.Internal structure of normal fault zone and hydrocarbon migration and conservation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(6):200-212.
[14] 蔡华,张建培,唐贤君.西湖凹陷断裂系统特征及其控藏机制[J].天然气工业,2014,34(10):18-26. CAI Hua,ZHANG Jianpei,TANG Xianjun.Characteristics of the fault systems and their control on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Xihu Sag,East China Sea Shelf Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(10):18-26.
[15] 刘哲,付广,吕延防,等.南堡凹陷断裂对油气成藏控制作用的定量评价[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(1):27-34. LIU Zhe,FU Guang,LYU Yanfang,et al.Quantitative evaluation for control of faults on hydrocarbon accumulation in Nanpu Sag[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2013,37(1):27-34.
[16] 李龙,张新涛,张震,等.渤海海域渤中西洼断裂控藏作用定量分析:以曹妃甸12-6油田为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(3):20-28. LI Long,ZHANG Xintao,ZHANG Zhen,et al.Quantitative analysis of control of faults on hydrocarbon accumulation in the west of Bozhong Subsag of Bohai Sea:a case study of CFD12-6 oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(3):20-28.
[17] 历玉英,付晓飞,张明学.松辽盆地徐家围子断陷断裂变形特征及控藏机理[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(6):979-988. LI Yuying,FU Xiaofei,ZHANG Mingxue.Fault deformation features and reservoir-controlling mechanisms of Xujiaweizi Fault Depression in Songliao Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(6):979-988.
[18] 王苗,陆建林,左宗鑫,等.火山—碎屑充填盆地的层序地层学研究:以松辽盆地长岭断陷为例[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(6):796-802. WANG Miao,LU Jianlin,ZUO Zongxin,et al.Sequence stratigraphic research of volcanic and clastic sediment basins:a case study of Changling Fault Depression in Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2016,38(6):796-802.
[19] 于文修,陆建林,张庆龙,等.松辽盆地长岭断陷早白垩世火山岩地球化学研究[J].矿物学报,2012,32(1):83-92. YU Wenxiu,LU Jianlin,ZHANG Qinglong,et al.A study on petrological geochemistry of the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks from Changling Rift,Songliao Basin,China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2012,32(1):83-92.
[20] 李浩,陆建林,左宗鑫,等.长岭断陷南部断陷层湖相优质烃源岩发育控制因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):209-218. LI Hao,LU Jianlin,ZUO Zongxin,et al.Controlling factors of high-quality lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks in southern Changling Depression[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2015,36(2):209-218.