于桥水库水源地水体重金属潜在生态风险评价
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摘要
针对于桥水库水源地河流中重金属可能存在的生态风险,以于桥水库水源地河流33个子流域采样点重金属的监测数据为基础,对河流悬浮颗粒物和表层沉积物中Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Cr和Zn等重金属的含量进行分析,并采用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数评价了河流表层沉积物中以上重金属污染的状况和潜在生态风险.结果表明:河流悬浮颗粒物中Cd和As的平均含量超过我国土壤环境质量一级标准值3倍,Cu和Cr的平均含量是土壤环境质量一级标准值的1.6倍,Pb和Zn的平均含量低于土壤环境质量一级标准,Cd和Cr显示出一定的生态风险;表层沉积物中Cu、As和Cr的平均含量和部分表层沉积物样品中Pr、Cd和Zn的平均含量超过我国土壤环境质量一级标准值;比较3条支流河流可知,Cd、As和Pb在沙河沉积物中含量最高,在黎河沉积物中含量最低;Cr和Zn在沙河沉积物中含量最高,在淋河沉积物中含量最低;Cu在淋河沉积物中含量最高,在黎河沉积物中含量最低. Hakanson潜在生态风险评价结果显示,水体悬浮颗粒物中As和Cd分别属于极强和较强生态风险等级,河流表层沉积物中Cd为中等潜在生态风险级别,重金属总体属于中等风险级别.
In the view of the potential ecological risk caused by heavy metals in source water of Yuqiao Reservoir,the concentrations of heavy metal including Cd,As,Pb,Cu,Cr and Zn in river suspended particulate matter and surface sediments were analyzed based on the heavy metals monitoring data of 33 sub watershed sampling sites in Yuqiao Reservoir tributaries,and the pollution condition and possible ecological risk of these heavy metal in river surface sediments were evaluated by Hakanson potential ecological risk index. The results show that the average concentrations of Cd and As in the suspended particulate matter are 3 times more than the first class level of Chinese soil environmental quality standard, the average concentrations of Cr and Cu are 1.6 times as much as the first class of Chinese soil environmental quality standard,the average concentrations of Pb and Zn are lower than the first class of Chinese soil environmental quality standard, Cd and Cr in the suspended particulate matter reveal some ecological risks. The concentrations of As, Cu and Cr in surface sediments and Pb, Cd and Zn in a part of the surface sediment samples exceed the first class of Chinese soil environmental quality standard. Compared with three tributaries rivers, the concentrations of Cd,As,and Pb in surface sediments are the highest in Sha River and the lowest from Li River,the concentrations of Cr and Zn in surface sediments are the highest in Sha River and the lowest in Lin River,and the concentration of Cu in surface sediments is the highest from in Lin River and the lowest in Li River. Evaluation results of Hakanson potential ecological risk index show that As and Cd in suspended particulate matter have extremely strong and strong ecological risk level,respectively,Cd in surface sediments has moderately ecological risk level,and heavy metals are generally at moderate risk level.
In the view of the potential ecological risk caused by heavy metals in source water of Yuqiao Reservoir,the concentrations of heavy metal including Cd,As,Pb,Cu,Cr and Zn in river suspended particulate matter and surface sediments were analyzed based on the heavy metals monitoring data of 33 sub watershed sampling sites in Yuqiao Reservoir tributaries,and the pollution condition and possible ecological risk of these heavy metal in river surface sediments were evaluated by Hakanson potential ecological risk index. The results show that the average concentrations of Cd and As in the suspended particulate matter are 3 times more than the first class level of Chinese soil environmental quality standard, the average concentrations of Cr and Cu are 1.6 times as much as the first class of Chinese soil environmental quality standard,the average concentrations of Pb and Zn are lower than the first class of Chinese soil environmental quality standard, Cd and Cr in the suspended particulate matter reveal some ecological risks. The concentrations of As, Cu and Cr in surface sediments and Pb, Cd and Zn in a part of the surface sediment samples exceed the first class of Chinese soil environmental quality standard. Compared with three tributaries rivers, the concentrations of Cd,As,and Pb in surface sediments are the highest in Sha River and the lowest from Li River,the concentrations of Cr and Zn in surface sediments are the highest in Sha River and the lowest in Lin River,and the concentration of Cu in surface sediments is the highest from in Lin River and the lowest in Li River. Evaluation results of Hakanson potential ecological risk index show that As and Cd in suspended particulate matter have extremely strong and strong ecological risk level,respectively,Cd in surface sediments has moderately ecological risk level,and heavy metals are generally at moderate risk level.
引文
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[6]黄廷林.水体沉积物中重金属释放动力学及试验研究[J].环境科学学报,1995,15(4):440-446.HUANG T L. Kinetics of heavy metal release from aquatic sediments[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,1995,15(4):440-446.
[7]张立成,董文江,郑建勋,等.湘江河流沉积物重金属的形态类型及其形成因素[J].地理学报,1983,38(1):55-63.ZHANG L C,DONG W J,ZHENG J X,et al. The metal form and form factors of heavy metals in the Xiangjiang River Sediments[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,1983,38(1):55-63(in Chinese).
[8]陈龙胜,陈世金,许舒雯,等.长江中下游流域湖泊沉积物中重金属污染现状及环境意义[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(16):7290-7293.CHEN L S,CHEN S J,XU S W,et al. Environment significance and pollution status of heavy metals in lake sediments of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Anhui Agri Sci,2013,41(16):7290-7293(in Chinese).
[9]弓晓峰,陈春丽,周文斌,等.鄱阳湖底泥中重金属污染现状评价[J].环境科学,2006,27(4):732-736.GONG X F,CHEN C L,ZHOU W B,et al. Assessment on heavy metal pollution in the sediment of Poyang Lake[J]. Environmental Science,2013,27(4):732-736(in Chinese).
[10] YE F,HUANG X P,ZHANG D W,et al. Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary,Southern China:Implications for sources and historical changes[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences2012,24(4):579-588.
[11] GOVIL P K,SORLIE J E,SUJATHA D,et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in lake sediments of Katedan industrial development area,Hyderabad,India[J]. Environ Earth Sci,2012,66(1):121-128.
[12]包珊珊,李崇巍,王祖伟,等.天津于桥水库流域水体氮磷空间分异与景观格局的关系[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,3(8):1609-1616.BAO S S,LI C W,WANG Z W,et al. Relationship between spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus in water and landscape pattern in Yuqiao Reservior Basin,Tianjin[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(8):1609-1616(in Chinese).
[13]李崇巍,胡婕,王飒,等.流域“源-汇”景观格局变化及其对磷污染负荷的影响—以天津于桥水库流域为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(8):2430-2438.LI C W,HU J,WANG S,et al. The source-sink landscape pattern change and its effect on phosphorus pollution in Yuqiao watershed[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(8):2430-2438(in Chinese).
[14]傅建文,张庆强,王立亚,等.引滦输水污染物特征及对于桥水库水质影响分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2014,25(5):151-154.FU J W,ZHANG Q Q,WANG L Y,et al. Characteristics of pollutant in Luanhe-Tianjin water diversion and its impact on water quality of Yuqiao Reservoir[J]. Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2014,25(5):151-154(in Chinese).
[15]张淼.于桥水库周边区域污染负荷分布特征研究[D].天津:天津大学,2014.ZHANG M. Study on Contaminant Load Distribution Characteristics at the Peripheral Areas of Yuqiao Reservoir[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin University,2014(in Chinese).
[16]金丹越,黄艳菊.天津于桥水库主要环境问题及其防治对策[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(S1):77-85.JIN D Y,HUANG Y J. The environmental problems and controlling countermeasures of Tianjin Yuqiao Reservoir[J]. Research of Environment Sciences,2004,17(S1):77-85(in Chinese).
[17]李创宇.于桥水库沉积物中营养盐释放特性试验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2006.LI C Y. An Experimental Study on the Characteristic of Nutrient Salts Release of Sediments in Yuqiao Resevroir[D]. Xi′an:Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology,2006(in Chinese).
[18]吴光红,苏睿先,李万庆,等.天津主要水体表层沉积物中重金属污染特征[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(2):259-264.WU G H,SU R X,LI W Q,et al. Pollution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments in Tianjin[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2008,37(2):259-264(in Chinese).
[19]张凯.于桥水库重金属污染程度评价及相关性分析[D].天津:南开大学,2014.ZHANG K. Degree of Heavy Metal Pollution Yuqiao Reservoir Evaluation and Correlation Analysis[D]. Tianjin:Nankai University,2014(in Chinese).
[20]胡晓芳,王祖伟,宋晓旭,等.于桥水库上游支流沉积物重金属含量及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013(6):1210-1218.HU X F,WANG Z W,SONG X X,et al. Concentrations and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from tributaries of Yuqiao Reservoir[J]. Journal of Agro-environment Science,2013(6):1210-1218(in Chinese).
[21]王祖伟,王祎玮,侯迎迎,等.于桥水库水源地水体沉积物重金属空间分异与景观格局的关系[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3423-3429.WANG Z W,WANG Y W,HOU Y Y,et al. Relationship between landscape pattern and spatial variation of heavy metals in aquatic sediments in headwaters area of Yuqiao Reservoir[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(9):3423-3429(in Chinese).
[22] ZAHRA A,HASHMI M Z,MALIK R N,et al. Enrichment and geo-accumulation of heavy metals and risk assessment of sediments of the Kurang Nallah-Feeding tributary of the RawalLake Reservoir,Rakistan[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014(470/471):925-933.
[23] SARKAR S. Heavy metal pollution assessment through comparison of different indices in sewage-fed fishery pond sediments at East Kolkata Wetland,India[J]. Environ Earth Sci,2011,63(5):915-924.
[24] TOMLINSON D L,WILSON J G,HARRIS C R,et al. Problems in the assessment of heavy metals levels in estuaries and the formation of pollution index[J]. Helgolander Tersuchungen,1980,33(1):566-575.
[25] HAKANSON L. An ecology risk index for aquatic pollution control a sediment tological approach[J]. Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[26]成刚,张远,高宏.白龟山水库规划区污染特征及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2000,23(4):452-457.CHENG G,ZHANG Y,GAO H,et al. Contamination characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of planning areas in Baiguishan Reservior[J]. Research of Environment Sciences,2000,23(4):452-457(in Chinese).
[27]魏复盛,杨国治,蒋德珍,等.中国土壤元素背景值基本统计量及其特征[J].中国环境监测,1991,7(1):1-6.WEI F S,YANG G Z,JIANG D Z,et al. China's soil element background values basic statistics and its characteristics[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,1991,7(1):1-6(in Chinese).
[28] BURTON G A. Sediment quality criteria in use around the world[J]. The Japanese Society of Limnology,2002,3:65-75.
[29]王志伟.基于GIS的唐山市土壤重金属空间变异特征及污染评价[D].石家庄:河北农业大学,2012.WANG Z W. Spatial Variability and Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metal Contamination of Tangshan City Based on GIS[D]. Shijiazhuang:Hebei Agricultural University,2012(in Chinese).
[30]郝红,高博,王健康,等.滦河流域沉积物中重金属分布特征及风险评价[J].岩矿测试,2012,31(6):1000-1005.HAO H,GAO B,WANG J K,et al. Distribution characteristic and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the Luanhe River[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis,2012,31(6):1000-1005(in Chinese).
[2] MARENGO E,GENNARO M C,ROBOTTIE E,et al. Investigation of anthropic effects connected with metal ions concentration,organic matter and grain size in Bormida River sediments[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2006,560:172-183.
[3] WOITKE P,WELLMITZ J,HELM D,et al. Analysis and assessment of heavy metal pollution in suspended solids and sediments of the river Danube[J]. Chemospher,2003,51(8):633-642.
[4] ZOURARAH M B,MAANAN M,CARRUESCO C,et al. Fifty-year sedimentary record of heavy metal pollution in the lagoon of Oualidia(Moroccan Atlantic coast)[J]. Estuarine,Cpastal and Shelf Science,2007,72(1):352-359.
[5]刘伟,陈振楼,许世远,等.上海市小城镇河流沉积物重金属污染特征研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(3):538-543.LIU W,CHEN Z L,XU S Y,et al. Pollution character of heavy metals in river sediments from small towns Shanghai[J]. Environmental Science,2006,27(3):538-543(in Chinese).
[6]黄廷林.水体沉积物中重金属释放动力学及试验研究[J].环境科学学报,1995,15(4):440-446.HUANG T L. Kinetics of heavy metal release from aquatic sediments[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,1995,15(4):440-446.
[7]张立成,董文江,郑建勋,等.湘江河流沉积物重金属的形态类型及其形成因素[J].地理学报,1983,38(1):55-63.ZHANG L C,DONG W J,ZHENG J X,et al. The metal form and form factors of heavy metals in the Xiangjiang River Sediments[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,1983,38(1):55-63(in Chinese).
[8]陈龙胜,陈世金,许舒雯,等.长江中下游流域湖泊沉积物中重金属污染现状及环境意义[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(16):7290-7293.CHEN L S,CHEN S J,XU S W,et al. Environment significance and pollution status of heavy metals in lake sediments of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Anhui Agri Sci,2013,41(16):7290-7293(in Chinese).
[9]弓晓峰,陈春丽,周文斌,等.鄱阳湖底泥中重金属污染现状评价[J].环境科学,2006,27(4):732-736.GONG X F,CHEN C L,ZHOU W B,et al. Assessment on heavy metal pollution in the sediment of Poyang Lake[J]. Environmental Science,2013,27(4):732-736(in Chinese).
[10] YE F,HUANG X P,ZHANG D W,et al. Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary,Southern China:Implications for sources and historical changes[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences2012,24(4):579-588.
[11] GOVIL P K,SORLIE J E,SUJATHA D,et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in lake sediments of Katedan industrial development area,Hyderabad,India[J]. Environ Earth Sci,2012,66(1):121-128.
[12]包珊珊,李崇巍,王祖伟,等.天津于桥水库流域水体氮磷空间分异与景观格局的关系[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,3(8):1609-1616.BAO S S,LI C W,WANG Z W,et al. Relationship between spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus in water and landscape pattern in Yuqiao Reservior Basin,Tianjin[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(8):1609-1616(in Chinese).
[13]李崇巍,胡婕,王飒,等.流域“源-汇”景观格局变化及其对磷污染负荷的影响—以天津于桥水库流域为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(8):2430-2438.LI C W,HU J,WANG S,et al. The source-sink landscape pattern change and its effect on phosphorus pollution in Yuqiao watershed[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(8):2430-2438(in Chinese).
[14]傅建文,张庆强,王立亚,等.引滦输水污染物特征及对于桥水库水质影响分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2014,25(5):151-154.FU J W,ZHANG Q Q,WANG L Y,et al. Characteristics of pollutant in Luanhe-Tianjin water diversion and its impact on water quality of Yuqiao Reservoir[J]. Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2014,25(5):151-154(in Chinese).
[15]张淼.于桥水库周边区域污染负荷分布特征研究[D].天津:天津大学,2014.ZHANG M. Study on Contaminant Load Distribution Characteristics at the Peripheral Areas of Yuqiao Reservoir[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin University,2014(in Chinese).
[16]金丹越,黄艳菊.天津于桥水库主要环境问题及其防治对策[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(S1):77-85.JIN D Y,HUANG Y J. The environmental problems and controlling countermeasures of Tianjin Yuqiao Reservoir[J]. Research of Environment Sciences,2004,17(S1):77-85(in Chinese).
[17]李创宇.于桥水库沉积物中营养盐释放特性试验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2006.LI C Y. An Experimental Study on the Characteristic of Nutrient Salts Release of Sediments in Yuqiao Resevroir[D]. Xi′an:Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology,2006(in Chinese).
[18]吴光红,苏睿先,李万庆,等.天津主要水体表层沉积物中重金属污染特征[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(2):259-264.WU G H,SU R X,LI W Q,et al. Pollution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments in Tianjin[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2008,37(2):259-264(in Chinese).
[19]张凯.于桥水库重金属污染程度评价及相关性分析[D].天津:南开大学,2014.ZHANG K. Degree of Heavy Metal Pollution Yuqiao Reservoir Evaluation and Correlation Analysis[D]. Tianjin:Nankai University,2014(in Chinese).
[20]胡晓芳,王祖伟,宋晓旭,等.于桥水库上游支流沉积物重金属含量及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013(6):1210-1218.HU X F,WANG Z W,SONG X X,et al. Concentrations and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from tributaries of Yuqiao Reservoir[J]. Journal of Agro-environment Science,2013(6):1210-1218(in Chinese).
[21]王祖伟,王祎玮,侯迎迎,等.于桥水库水源地水体沉积物重金属空间分异与景观格局的关系[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3423-3429.WANG Z W,WANG Y W,HOU Y Y,et al. Relationship between landscape pattern and spatial variation of heavy metals in aquatic sediments in headwaters area of Yuqiao Reservoir[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(9):3423-3429(in Chinese).
[22] ZAHRA A,HASHMI M Z,MALIK R N,et al. Enrichment and geo-accumulation of heavy metals and risk assessment of sediments of the Kurang Nallah-Feeding tributary of the RawalLake Reservoir,Rakistan[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014(470/471):925-933.
[23] SARKAR S. Heavy metal pollution assessment through comparison of different indices in sewage-fed fishery pond sediments at East Kolkata Wetland,India[J]. Environ Earth Sci,2011,63(5):915-924.
[24] TOMLINSON D L,WILSON J G,HARRIS C R,et al. Problems in the assessment of heavy metals levels in estuaries and the formation of pollution index[J]. Helgolander Tersuchungen,1980,33(1):566-575.
[25] HAKANSON L. An ecology risk index for aquatic pollution control a sediment tological approach[J]. Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[26]成刚,张远,高宏.白龟山水库规划区污染特征及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2000,23(4):452-457.CHENG G,ZHANG Y,GAO H,et al. Contamination characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of planning areas in Baiguishan Reservior[J]. Research of Environment Sciences,2000,23(4):452-457(in Chinese).
[27]魏复盛,杨国治,蒋德珍,等.中国土壤元素背景值基本统计量及其特征[J].中国环境监测,1991,7(1):1-6.WEI F S,YANG G Z,JIANG D Z,et al. China's soil element background values basic statistics and its characteristics[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,1991,7(1):1-6(in Chinese).
[28] BURTON G A. Sediment quality criteria in use around the world[J]. The Japanese Society of Limnology,2002,3:65-75.
[29]王志伟.基于GIS的唐山市土壤重金属空间变异特征及污染评价[D].石家庄:河北农业大学,2012.WANG Z W. Spatial Variability and Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metal Contamination of Tangshan City Based on GIS[D]. Shijiazhuang:Hebei Agricultural University,2012(in Chinese).
[30]郝红,高博,王健康,等.滦河流域沉积物中重金属分布特征及风险评价[J].岩矿测试,2012,31(6):1000-1005.HAO H,GAO B,WANG J K,et al. Distribution characteristic and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the Luanhe River[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis,2012,31(6):1000-1005(in Chinese).