城市超大社区的交通效应研究:结构影响与治理策略
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摘要
30多年以来,中国城市出现了不少超大社区,这些超大社区不但影响了人们的居住舒适度,而且还给城市交通带来巨大压力。本文采用层次分析法,结合实际案例,对超大社区的交通效应进行探讨。研究发现,超大社区对城市交通特别是周边交通造成了较大影响。案例显示,超大社区的车流量占到主干道的20.86%,尤其是在早高峰出行期间造成了较强的"潮汐交通"压力。究其原因,社区内外条件的静态结构与居民出行和多种交通流相互干扰的动态结构共同造成了超大社区的交通效应;汽车社会的来临,既支持了超大社区的"职住分离"结构,又加剧了交通压力。在未来的城市治理和交通规划中,应严禁超大社区的再建,缩小新建住宅的土地出让规模,对已有的超大社区,需加强基于"城市可持续发展"的交通效应评估,并从静态和动态两方面入手,改善交通基础设施条件,优化周边道路设计和路网结构,提高公共交通分担率。
Over the past 30 years,a great number of large communities have emerged in Chinese cities,these communities often have a population of more than 30,000 people and occupy an area of more than 20 hectares. The large communities not only affect the form of people's residence,but also have a huge impact on the surrounding traffic. This paper adopts the Analytic Hierarchy Process and combines practical cases to explore the traffic effects of the large communities. The study found that large communities have caused great pressure on urban transportation,especially on surrounding transportation. The case shows that the flow of traffic in the large community accounts for 20. 86% of the arterial road,especially during the morning rush hours,causing strong"tidal traffic"pressure. To explore the reasons for this,the static structure of the internal and external conditions of the community,and,the dynamic structure of the residents' travel and mutual interference between various traffic flows create the traffic effect of the large community together,the advent of the automobile society not only supports the "jobs-housing separation"structure of large communities but also aggravates traffic pressure. For urban governance and transportation planning in the future,the continued construction of oversized communities should be strictly prohibited,and the scale of land transfer for newly-built houses should be reduced. For existing large communities,the assessment of traffic effects based on "sustainable urban development"need to be strengthened in the future,what's more,we should pay attention to both static and dynamic conditions to improve transportation infrastructure conditions,optimize surrounding road design and road network structure,and increase the share rate of public transportation.
Over the past 30 years,a great number of large communities have emerged in Chinese cities,these communities often have a population of more than 30,000 people and occupy an area of more than 20 hectares. The large communities not only affect the form of people's residence,but also have a huge impact on the surrounding traffic. This paper adopts the Analytic Hierarchy Process and combines practical cases to explore the traffic effects of the large communities. The study found that large communities have caused great pressure on urban transportation,especially on surrounding transportation. The case shows that the flow of traffic in the large community accounts for 20. 86% of the arterial road,especially during the morning rush hours,causing strong"tidal traffic"pressure. To explore the reasons for this,the static structure of the internal and external conditions of the community,and,the dynamic structure of the residents' travel and mutual interference between various traffic flows create the traffic effect of the large community together,the advent of the automobile society not only supports the "jobs-housing separation"structure of large communities but also aggravates traffic pressure. For urban governance and transportation planning in the future,the continued construction of oversized communities should be strictly prohibited,and the scale of land transfer for newly-built houses should be reduced. For existing large communities,the assessment of traffic effects based on "sustainable urban development"need to be strengthened in the future,what's more,we should pay attention to both static and dynamic conditions to improve transportation infrastructure conditions,optimize surrounding road design and road network structure,and increase the share rate of public transportation.
引文
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(1)因为内版面所限,相应的检验可函作者索要。
[2]Giles-Corti B,Vernez-Moudon A,Reis R,et al.City planning and population health:a global challenge[J].The Lancet,2016,388(10062).
[3]Sun Y,Mburu L,Wang S.Analysis of community properties and node properties to understand the structure of the bus transport network[J].Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,2016,450.
[4]Litman T.Creating safe and healthy communities[J].Environments,2008,35(3).
[5]Dumbaugh E,Rae R.Safe urban form:revisiting the relationship between community design and traffic safety[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2009,75(3).
[6]Nagel T,Pietsch C,D9rk M.Staged analysis:From evocative to comparative visualizations of urban mobility[J].Proc.IEEE Visualizaton(Arts Program),2016.
[7]Saaty T L.Decision-making with the AHP:Why is the principal eigenvector necessary[J].European journal of operational research,2003,145(1).
[8]Shrivastav P,Dhingra S L.Development of feeder routes for suburban railway stations using heuristic approach[J].Journal of transportation engineering,2001,127(4).
(1)因为内版面所限,相应的检验可函作者索要。