基于风蚀模型的宁夏土壤风蚀特征及影响因素
|
摘要
为了阐明宁夏土壤风蚀情况,基于第一次全国水力普查中推荐的风蚀经验模型,通过野外土壤采样及风洞试验修正模型参数,运用遥感、地理信息系统技术,对2000—2015年土壤风蚀强度时空变化特征进行分析,运用变异系数法确定各影响因子权重,明确影响风蚀的主要因子。结果表明:空间分布上,微度、轻度风蚀的区域分布在石嘴山市西部,银川市西部和东部,吴忠市中北部,中卫市中部,固原大部分地区,中度及以上风蚀的区域分布在沙坡头区、灵武市、盐池县、平罗县、兴庆区、贺兰县、金凤区的沙地、荒漠地区;时间序列上,研究期间风蚀发生总面积和风蚀强度整体呈下降趋势;按风蚀地类分,风蚀强度排序为:沙地>耕地>裸地>草地>林地,平均风蚀强度分别为:47.39t/(hm2·a),5.77t/(hm2·a),1.82t/(hm2·a),1.48t/(hm2·a),1.00t/(hm2·a);银川、吴忠、固原、中卫的风蚀强度的主要影响因子为土壤湿度,次要影响因子为植被覆盖度,石嘴山风蚀强度的主要影响因子为超过起沙风速累积时间。
In order to illustrate the soil erosion characteristics in Ningxia,based on the wind erosion model which was recommend in the first national water resources census,and the model parameters revised by field soil samples and wind tunnel test,the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of soil wind erosion in Ningxia from 2000 to 2015 were analyzed by using remote sensing and geographic information system technology.Meanwhile,the main factor influencing wind erosion was confirmed by utilizing variation coefficient method.The results showed that the regions of mild and light wind erosion intensity included the west of Shizuishan,the west and east of Yinchuan,the central-north of Wuzhong,the central of Zhongwei and the most parts of Guyuan;the regions of moderate and higher wind erosion intensity included the sand and desert area of Shapotou,Lingwu,Yanchi,Pingluo,Xingqing,Helan and Jinfeng.In terms of time series,the total area and intensity of wind erosion decreased during the study period.In terms of wind erosion land type,the wind erosion intensity decreased in the order:sand>arable land>bare ground>grassland>woodland,of which average wind erosion intensities were 47.39 t/(hm2·a),5.77 t/(hm2·a),1.82 t/(hm2·a),1.48 t/(hm2·a),1.00 t/(hm2·a),respectively.The major impact factor on wind erosion intensities in Yinchuan,Wuzhong,Guyaun and Zhongwei was soil moisture,the vegetation coverage was the next factor affecting the wind erosion intensities in these areas.The major impact factor on wind erosion intensities in Shizuishan was theaccumulative time of exceeding the wind velocities causing sand move.
In order to illustrate the soil erosion characteristics in Ningxia,based on the wind erosion model which was recommend in the first national water resources census,and the model parameters revised by field soil samples and wind tunnel test,the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of soil wind erosion in Ningxia from 2000 to 2015 were analyzed by using remote sensing and geographic information system technology.Meanwhile,the main factor influencing wind erosion was confirmed by utilizing variation coefficient method.The results showed that the regions of mild and light wind erosion intensity included the west of Shizuishan,the west and east of Yinchuan,the central-north of Wuzhong,the central of Zhongwei and the most parts of Guyuan;the regions of moderate and higher wind erosion intensity included the sand and desert area of Shapotou,Lingwu,Yanchi,Pingluo,Xingqing,Helan and Jinfeng.In terms of time series,the total area and intensity of wind erosion decreased during the study period.In terms of wind erosion land type,the wind erosion intensity decreased in the order:sand>arable land>bare ground>grassland>woodland,of which average wind erosion intensities were 47.39 t/(hm2·a),5.77 t/(hm2·a),1.82 t/(hm2·a),1.48 t/(hm2·a),1.00 t/(hm2·a),respectively.The major impact factor on wind erosion intensities in Yinchuan,Wuzhong,Guyaun and Zhongwei was soil moisture,the vegetation coverage was the next factor affecting the wind erosion intensities in these areas.The major impact factor on wind erosion intensities in Shizuishan was theaccumulative time of exceeding the wind velocities causing sand move.
引文
[1]陈渭南,董光荣,董治宝.中国北方土壤风蚀问题的研究进展和趋势[J].地球科学进展,1994,99(5):6-12.
[2]于国茂,刘越,艳燕,等.2000—2008年内蒙古中部地区土壤风蚀危险度评价[J].地理科学,2011,31(12):1493-1499.
[3]周建忠.土壤风蚀及保护性耕作减轻沙尘暴的试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2004.
[4]胡云锋,刘纪远,庄大方.土壤风力侵蚀研究现状与进展[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(3):288-295.
[5]赵光平,陈楠,王连喜.宁夏中部干旱带生态恢复对沙尘暴的降频与减灾潜力分析[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2750-2756.
[6]左忠,王东清,温学飞.TOPSIS法综合评价宁夏中部干旱带5种风蚀环境抗风蚀性能[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(18):61-64.
[7]周海燕,王瑛珏,樊恒文,等.宁夏中部干旱带砂田抗风蚀性能研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):41-49.
[8]王冠琪.2003—2013年宁夏盐池沙化草地生态恢复研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[9]庞吉林.宁夏盐池荒漠化草场生态恢复研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[10]南岭,肖锋军,董治宝.宁夏农田土壤粉尘释放过程试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):135-139.
[11]Woodruff N,Siddoway F.A wind erosion equation[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1965,29(5):602-608.
[12] Fryrear D W,Saleh A,Bilbro J D.A single event wind erosion model[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1998,41(5):1369-1374.
[13] Pasak V.Wind erosion on soils[M].Vum Zbraslav:Scientific Monographs,1970.
[14] Bocharov A P.A description of devices used in the study of wind erosion of soils[M].Aa Balkema,1984.
[15] Singh U B,Gregory J M,Wilson G R.Texas erosion analysis model:theory and validation[C].Skidmore El. Proceedings of An International Symposium/Workshop.Manhattan,Ks,1997.
[16] Shao Y,Raupach M,Short D.Preliminary assessment of wind erosion patterns in the Murray-Darling Basin[Australia][J].Australian Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(Australia),1994,47(3):323-339.
[17] Hagen L.A wind erosion prediction system to meet user needs[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1991,46(2):106-111.
[18]邹学勇,张春来,程宏,等.土壤风蚀模型中的影响因子分类与表达[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(8):875-889.
[19]高尚玉,张春来,邹学勇,等.京津风沙源治理工程效益[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:33-42.
[20]郭索彦,刘宝元,李智广,等.土壤侵蚀调查与评价[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014:107-132.
[21]刘红,王卫,郝彦莉,等.基于风蚀模型的河北省土壤风蚀风险评价[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(2):12-17.
[22]陈莉,姬亚芹,刘爱霞,等.天津市近郊地表风蚀型开放源对中心城区影响估算研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(9):2769-2776.
[23]王占军,邱新华,唐志海,等.宁夏1999—2009年土地荒漠化演变影响因素分析[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(2):325-333.
[24]邸兰杰,王卫,成贺玺,等.基于ATI和TVDI模型的河北平原土壤湿度遥感反演[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(6):737-743.
[25]赵微,林健,王树芳,等.变异系数法评价人类活动对地下水环境的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1277-1283.
[26]李仕川,郭欢欢,侯鹰,等.土地集约利用空间分异研究中指标标准化方法研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(10):1771-1778.
[27]左忠,王峰,蒋齐,等.免耕与传统耕作对旱作农田土壤风蚀的影响研究:以玉米田为例[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(6):55-59.
[28]申陆,田美荣,高吉喜.基于RWEQ模型的浑善达克沙漠化防治生态功能区土壤风蚀与主要影响因子分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):90-97.
[29]张加琼,刘章,杨明义,等.黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带坡面土壤侵蚀特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):1-6,22.
[2]于国茂,刘越,艳燕,等.2000—2008年内蒙古中部地区土壤风蚀危险度评价[J].地理科学,2011,31(12):1493-1499.
[3]周建忠.土壤风蚀及保护性耕作减轻沙尘暴的试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2004.
[4]胡云锋,刘纪远,庄大方.土壤风力侵蚀研究现状与进展[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(3):288-295.
[5]赵光平,陈楠,王连喜.宁夏中部干旱带生态恢复对沙尘暴的降频与减灾潜力分析[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2750-2756.
[6]左忠,王东清,温学飞.TOPSIS法综合评价宁夏中部干旱带5种风蚀环境抗风蚀性能[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(18):61-64.
[7]周海燕,王瑛珏,樊恒文,等.宁夏中部干旱带砂田抗风蚀性能研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):41-49.
[8]王冠琪.2003—2013年宁夏盐池沙化草地生态恢复研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[9]庞吉林.宁夏盐池荒漠化草场生态恢复研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[10]南岭,肖锋军,董治宝.宁夏农田土壤粉尘释放过程试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):135-139.
[11]Woodruff N,Siddoway F.A wind erosion equation[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1965,29(5):602-608.
[12] Fryrear D W,Saleh A,Bilbro J D.A single event wind erosion model[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1998,41(5):1369-1374.
[13] Pasak V.Wind erosion on soils[M].Vum Zbraslav:Scientific Monographs,1970.
[14] Bocharov A P.A description of devices used in the study of wind erosion of soils[M].Aa Balkema,1984.
[15] Singh U B,Gregory J M,Wilson G R.Texas erosion analysis model:theory and validation[C].Skidmore El. Proceedings of An International Symposium/Workshop.Manhattan,Ks,1997.
[16] Shao Y,Raupach M,Short D.Preliminary assessment of wind erosion patterns in the Murray-Darling Basin[Australia][J].Australian Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(Australia),1994,47(3):323-339.
[17] Hagen L.A wind erosion prediction system to meet user needs[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1991,46(2):106-111.
[18]邹学勇,张春来,程宏,等.土壤风蚀模型中的影响因子分类与表达[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(8):875-889.
[19]高尚玉,张春来,邹学勇,等.京津风沙源治理工程效益[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:33-42.
[20]郭索彦,刘宝元,李智广,等.土壤侵蚀调查与评价[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014:107-132.
[21]刘红,王卫,郝彦莉,等.基于风蚀模型的河北省土壤风蚀风险评价[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(2):12-17.
[22]陈莉,姬亚芹,刘爱霞,等.天津市近郊地表风蚀型开放源对中心城区影响估算研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(9):2769-2776.
[23]王占军,邱新华,唐志海,等.宁夏1999—2009年土地荒漠化演变影响因素分析[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(2):325-333.
[24]邸兰杰,王卫,成贺玺,等.基于ATI和TVDI模型的河北平原土壤湿度遥感反演[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(6):737-743.
[25]赵微,林健,王树芳,等.变异系数法评价人类活动对地下水环境的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1277-1283.
[26]李仕川,郭欢欢,侯鹰,等.土地集约利用空间分异研究中指标标准化方法研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(10):1771-1778.
[27]左忠,王峰,蒋齐,等.免耕与传统耕作对旱作农田土壤风蚀的影响研究:以玉米田为例[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(6):55-59.
[28]申陆,田美荣,高吉喜.基于RWEQ模型的浑善达克沙漠化防治生态功能区土壤风蚀与主要影响因子分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):90-97.
[29]张加琼,刘章,杨明义,等.黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带坡面土壤侵蚀特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):1-6,22.