低温下硅橡胶直流击穿特性变化规律研究
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摘要
为了研究硅橡胶绝缘材料低温环境下直流击穿特性的变化,采用恒温试验箱对硅橡胶材料进行低温冷冻,利用球球电极与棒板电极模拟不均匀电场,试验测定不同温度下、不同氢氧化铝含量硅橡胶材料的直流击穿电压随温度的变化规律,分析了其中的原因机理,并测量了体积电阻率。试验结果表明:随着温度的降低,硅橡胶材料的直流击穿呈现出先增大后趋于稳定的特性;在相同的低温处理下,氢氧化铝质量分数为130%的硅橡胶样品具有最大的直流击穿电压;施加正极性直流电压时,硅橡胶绝缘材料的击穿电压略小于施加负极性直流电压时的击穿电压。
To understand the variation of DC breakdown characteristics of silicone rubber insulation materials,sili-cone rubber materials were frozen at low temperature in a constant-temperature test chamber. Ball-ball electrode and rod-plate electrode were employed to simulate the nonuniform electric field. The change regularity of DC break-down voltage of silicon rubber with different aluminum hydroxide contents with temperature was measured,and cor-responding mechanism was analyzed. And the volume resistivity was also measured. Results show that: 1)with the temperature lowering,the DC breakdown voltage of the silicone rubber material rises first and then tends to be sta-ble;2)for the same low temperature treatment,the DC breakdown voltage of the silicone rubber with relative con-tent of 130%aluminum hydroxide gets the maximum; and 3)applying positive polarity DC voltage,the breakdown voltage of the silicone rubber insulation material is smaller,compared with that under negative polarity DC voltage.
To understand the variation of DC breakdown characteristics of silicone rubber insulation materials,sili-cone rubber materials were frozen at low temperature in a constant-temperature test chamber. Ball-ball electrode and rod-plate electrode were employed to simulate the nonuniform electric field. The change regularity of DC break-down voltage of silicon rubber with different aluminum hydroxide contents with temperature was measured,and cor-responding mechanism was analyzed. And the volume resistivity was also measured. Results show that: 1)with the temperature lowering,the DC breakdown voltage of the silicone rubber material rises first and then tends to be sta-ble;2)for the same low temperature treatment,the DC breakdown voltage of the silicone rubber with relative con-tent of 130%aluminum hydroxide gets the maximum; and 3)applying positive polarity DC voltage,the breakdown voltage of the silicone rubber insulation material is smaller,compared with that under negative polarity DC voltage.
引文
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[21]周远翔,孙清华,李光范,等.空间电荷对油纸绝缘击穿和沿面闪络的影响[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(2):27-33.ZHOU Yuanxiang,SUN Qinghua,LI Guangfan,et,al.Space charge effect of insulation breakdown and surface flashover of paper[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(2):27-33.
[22]刘志凯.冷绝缘高温超导电缆绝缘的击穿和沿面闪络性能研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2015.LIU Zhikai.Study on insulation breakdown and surface flashover performance of cold insulated high temperature superconducting cable[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2015.
[2]肖湘宁,李伟.特高压直流孤岛运行特性与稳定控制研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):1-11.XIAO Xiangning,LI Wei.Review of the operation characteristics and stability control of UHV DC isolated island[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):1-11.
[3]梁旭明,张平,常勇.高压直流输电技术现状及发展前景[J].电工技术学报,2012,36(4):1-9.LIANG Xuming,ZHANG Ping,CHANG Yong.Status and development prospects high voltage DC power transmission technology[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,36(4):1-9.
[4]SELLE F,SCHULTE D,陈建业.乙丙橡胶绝缘电缆在直流电压和冲击电压下的电气击穿[J].电线电缆,1991(3):31-35.SELLE F,SCHULTE D,CHEN Jianye.Electrical breakdown of ethylene propylene rubber insulated cable under DC voltage and impact voltage[J].Electic Wire&Cable,1991(3):31-35.
[5]周远翔,侯非,聂琼,等.温度对硅橡胶电树枝老化特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2012,38(10):2640-2646.ZHOU Yuanxiang,HOU Fei,NIE Qiong,et al.Effect of temperature on aging characteristics of silicone rubber tree[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(10):2640-2646.
[6]王维喆.高电压等级聚乙烯电缆绝缘材料耐电性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2015.WANG Weizhe.Study on electrical properties of high voltage grade polyethylene cable insulation materials[D].Harbin University of Science and Technology,2015.
[7]郑诗建.不同填料和交联度对乙烯基硅橡胶电绝缘性能的影响[C]//2004年国际橡胶会议论文集.北京:中国化工学会橡胶专业委员会,中国橡胶工业协会,中国合成橡胶工业协会,2004:301-302.ZHENG Shijian.Effect of different fillers and cross linking degree on the electrical insulation properties of vinyl silicone rubber[C]//Proceedings of the International Rubber Conference 2004.Beijing:China Chemical Industry Association Rubber Professional Committee,China Rubber Industry Association,China synthetic Rubber Industry Association,2004:301-302.
[8]宋宇程,杨佳明.制备工艺对SiO2/LDPE纳米复合材料空间电荷特性和直流击穿强度的影响[J].绝缘材料,2015,48(11):31-34.SONG Yucheng,YANG Jiaming.Effect of preparation process on the space charge characteristics and DC breakdown strength of SiO2/LDPE nanocomposite[J].Insulation Material,2015,48(11):31-34.
[9]PELISSOU S,ST-ONGE H,WERTHEINER M R.Dielectric breakdown in polyethylene at elevated temperature[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,2009,EI-19(3):241-244.
[10]MOGENSEN O E.Spur reaction model of positronium formation[J].The Journal of Chemical Physics,2003,60(3):998-1004.
[11]侯慧,尹项根,游大海,等.从2008年南方地区雪灾看电力系统设备缺陷[J].高电压技术,2009,35(3):586.HOU Hui,YIN Xianggen,YOU Dahai,et al.Analysis of power system equipment defect by snow disaster in the southern region of 2008[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(3):586.
[12]宋义虎,刘江,魏伯荣.硅橡胶的低温性能[J].特种橡胶制品,1999,20(3):10-15.SONG Yihu,LIU Jiang,WEI Borong.Low temperature properties of silicone rubber[J].Special Purpose Rubber Products,1999,20(3):10-15.
[13]MOGENSEN O E.Spur reaction model of positronium formation[J].The Journal of Chemical Physics,2003,60(3):998-1004.
[14]贾志东,方苏,杨翠茹,等.ATH对复合绝缘子用硅橡胶性能影响的分析[J].中国学术期刊电子出版社,2007,5(8):1-3.JIA Zhidong,FANG Su,YANG Cuiru,et al.Analysis about influence of ATH upon performance of composite insulator using silicone rubber[J].China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House,2007,5(8):1-3.
[15]吴光哑,蔡炜.复合绝缘子运行性能分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2000(3):19-22.WU Guangya,CAI Wei.Analysis of composite insulator on operation performance[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2000(3):19-22.
[16]张福林.复合绝缘子外绝缘材料硅橡胶表面的憎水性和憎水性迁移机理分析[J].华北电力技术,1999(1):19-21.107Zhang Fulin.Analysis on surface hydrophobicity of external insulating basic material silicon rubber of composite insulator and it’s imigration mechanism[J].North China Electric Power,1999(1):19-21.
[17]刘地.复合绝缘子护套的材料配制及技术参数确定[J].电瓷避雷器,2005(6):10-12.LIU Di.Material preparation and technical parameter determination of composite insulator sheath[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2005(06):10-12.
[18]刘玲,周铮,张立群.POSS/硅橡胶复合材料结晶性能的研究[C]//2006年年会暨全国化工新材料学术技术报告会.北京:中国化工学会,2006:769-785.LIU Ling,ZHOU Zheng,ZHANG Liqun.Study on crystallization properties of POSS/silicone rubber composites[C]//The Annual Meeting of China Chemical Industry Society in2006 and the National Conference on New Chemical Materials.Beijing:China Chemical Industry Society,2006.
[19]曾凡辉,姜其斌,陈宪宏.氢氧化铝的表面改性及其在硅橡胶涂料中的应用[J].涂料工业,2007(2):39-41.ZENG Fanhui,JIANG Qibin,CHEN Xianhong.Surface modification of aluminum hydroxide and its application in silicone rubber coatings[J].Coating Industry,2007(2):39-41.
[20]秦艳军.交联聚乙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘界面直流击穿特性及其影响因素[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2016.QIN Yanjun.DC breakdown characteristics of crosslinked polyethylene/silicone rubber composite insulation interface and its influencing factors[D].Harbin:Harbin University of Science and Technology,2016.
[21]周远翔,孙清华,李光范,等.空间电荷对油纸绝缘击穿和沿面闪络的影响[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(2):27-33.ZHOU Yuanxiang,SUN Qinghua,LI Guangfan,et,al.Space charge effect of insulation breakdown and surface flashover of paper[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(2):27-33.
[22]刘志凯.冷绝缘高温超导电缆绝缘的击穿和沿面闪络性能研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2015.LIU Zhikai.Study on insulation breakdown and surface flashover performance of cold insulated high temperature superconducting cable[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2015.