武汉市2017年重要病媒生物侵害现况调查研究
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摘要
目的调查2017年武汉市城区范围内重要病媒生物侵害情况,为今后病媒生物防制和创建国家卫生城市工作提供科学依据。方法于2017年6-9月对武汉市建成区范围内29种不同类型单位(场所)的重要病媒生物侵害情况进行现场调查。鼠类调查采用鼠迹法,蚊类采用路径法和幼虫勺捕法,蝇类、蜚蠊采用目测法,防鼠设施和防蝇设施均采用目测法。结果室内鼠密度的总体阳性率为10.1%;防鼠设施总体不合格率为17.2%,外环境鼠密度总体路径指数为3.4。小型容器积水总体路径指数为4.3,大中型水体总体采样勺指数为5.8%,每阳性勺蚊幼虫密度为5.5只/勺。室内成蝇总体阳性率为7.3%,防蝇设施总体不合格率为14.0%,蝇类孳生地总体阳性率为3.0%。室内蜚蠊成若虫总体侵害率为4.1%,卵鞘总体查获率为1.2%,蜚蠊迹总体阳性率为4.6%。结论初步掌握了武汉市各类型单位(场所)重要病媒生物侵害情况,为今后有效开展病媒生物防制和巩固国家卫生城市工作提供了本底资料。
Objective To investigate the current status of vectors infestation in the urban area of Wuhan, China, in 2017,and to provide a scientific basis for vector control and National Hygienic City construction. Methods From June to September, 2017, a field investigation was performed to evaluate the current status of the vectors infestation in different types of units(places). The rodent trace method was used for the survey of rodents; the path method and the larva dip method were used for the survey of mosquitoes; visual observation was used for the survey of flies and cockroaches, and of the investigation of facilities for the prevention of rodents and flies. Results The total positive rate of indoor rodent density was 10.1%, the total failure rate of rodent-poof facilities was 17.2%, and the total path index of outdoor rodent density was 3.4. The total path index of water in small containers was 4.3, and the total dip index of large and medium waters was 5.8%.The density of mosquito larvae per positive dip was 5.5. The total positive rate of indoor adult flies was 7.3%; the total failure rate of fly-poof facilities was 14.0%; the total positive rate of fly breeding sites was 3.0%. The total invasion rate of indoor adult nymphae was 4.1%; the total positive rate of oothecae was 1.2%; the total positive rate of cockroach trace was 4.6%. Conclusion The current status of the vectors infestation in different types of units(places) of Wuhan obtained in this investigation provides background data for effective vector control and the consolidation of National Hygienic City in the future.
Objective To investigate the current status of vectors infestation in the urban area of Wuhan, China, in 2017,and to provide a scientific basis for vector control and National Hygienic City construction. Methods From June to September, 2017, a field investigation was performed to evaluate the current status of the vectors infestation in different types of units(places). The rodent trace method was used for the survey of rodents; the path method and the larva dip method were used for the survey of mosquitoes; visual observation was used for the survey of flies and cockroaches, and of the investigation of facilities for the prevention of rodents and flies. Results The total positive rate of indoor rodent density was 10.1%, the total failure rate of rodent-poof facilities was 17.2%, and the total path index of outdoor rodent density was 3.4. The total path index of water in small containers was 4.3, and the total dip index of large and medium waters was 5.8%.The density of mosquito larvae per positive dip was 5.5. The total positive rate of indoor adult flies was 7.3%; the total failure rate of fly-poof facilities was 14.0%; the total positive rate of fly breeding sites was 3.0%. The total invasion rate of indoor adult nymphae was 4.1%; the total positive rate of oothecae was 1.2%; the total positive rate of cockroach trace was 4.6%. Conclusion The current status of the vectors infestation in different types of units(places) of Wuhan obtained in this investigation provides background data for effective vector control and the consolidation of National Hygienic City in the future.
引文
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[15]高生华,梅志强,刘中雨,等.山西省蚊虫孳生调查及防控研究[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2012,18(3):235-236.
[16]曹晖,高强,樊坚,等.上海市黄浦区101个地下车库蚊虫孳生情况及应对措施分析[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2016,27(2):155-159. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2016.02.016.
[17]刘起勇.我国病媒生物监测与控制现状分析及展望[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(2):109-113,126. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.02.001.
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[2]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 27770-2011病媒生物密度控制水平鼠类[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[3]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 27771-2011病媒生物密度控制水平蚊虫[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[4]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 27772-2011病媒生物密度控制水平蝇类[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[5]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 27773-2011病媒生物密度控制水平蜚蠊[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[6]王陇德.病媒生物防制实用指南[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:104-113.
[7]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 23798-2009病媒生物密度监测方法鼠类[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[8]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 23797-2009病媒生物密度监测方法蚊虫[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 23796-2009病媒生物密度监测方法蝇类[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[10]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 23795-2009病媒生物密度监测方法蜚蠊[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[11]翟士勇,逯春梅.石家庄市主城区2016年病媒生物侵害状况调查[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2018,29(1):111.DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.01.030.
[12]钱国华,赵春元,张美菊,等.集体食堂蝇类防制工作中存在的问题与防制对策[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2009,20(1):17.
[13]周良才,包继永,陈晓敏,等.武汉市2016年蚊幼虫孳生情况调查[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2018,29(2):197-199. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.022.
[14]钱新荣,高强,徐康,等.上海中心城区夏季蚊蝇孳生情况调查[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2014,20(1):75-76.
[15]高生华,梅志强,刘中雨,等.山西省蚊虫孳生调查及防控研究[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2012,18(3):235-236.
[16]曹晖,高强,樊坚,等.上海市黄浦区101个地下车库蚊虫孳生情况及应对措施分析[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2016,27(2):155-159. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2016.02.016.
[17]刘起勇.我国病媒生物监测与控制现状分析及展望[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(2):109-113,126. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.02.001.
[18]全国爱国卫生运动委员会办公室.国家卫生城市标准(2014版)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2015:5.