侵犯公民个人信息罪刑事判决实证研究——以2015-2018年335份相关生效判决为样本
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摘要
经过两部刑法修正案和一部司法解释的修订与细化,侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益、罪状模式和刑罚规则已较为完整。然而随着数据产业的深入发展,通过对该罪335份生效刑事判决的实证分析可知,个人信息犯罪刑事规制存在保护法益滞后、法人责任追诉缺失、信息认定规则模糊、罚金刑适用差距大和缓刑适用不确定性高等主要问题。对此,应确立个人信息权为保护法益、优化法人责任结构、细化信息认定规则、完善罚金刑裁量标准和为缓刑适用注入确定性,以期进一步提升侵犯公民个人信息犯罪刑事规制的实效性与法治性。
Through two Criminal Law Amendment and a judicial interpretation,the legal benefits,guilty pattern and penalty rules of personal information crime has been relatively complete. However,with the development of the data industry,through the empirical analysis of the 335 effective criminal judgments of personal information crime,it can be known that the main problems in criminal personal information crime are lagging legal benefits,the lack of corporate responsibility,blurred identification rules,different standard penalties and uncertain probation. In order to achieve the effectiveness and constitutionality of personal information crime governance,personal information rights should be established to ascertain legal benefits,improved corporate liability terms,refined personal information identification rules,with a view to further improving the effectiveness and legality of criminal regulation of violations of citizens' personal information.
Through two Criminal Law Amendment and a judicial interpretation,the legal benefits,guilty pattern and penalty rules of personal information crime has been relatively complete. However,with the development of the data industry,through the empirical analysis of the 335 effective criminal judgments of personal information crime,it can be known that the main problems in criminal personal information crime are lagging legal benefits,the lack of corporate responsibility,blurred identification rules,different standard penalties and uncertain probation. In order to achieve the effectiveness and constitutionality of personal information crime governance,personal information rights should be established to ascertain legal benefits,improved corporate liability terms,refined personal information identification rules,with a view to further improving the effectiveness and legality of criminal regulation of violations of citizens' personal information.
引文
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[17]李天发,王恒勤.德国罚金刑执行及其对我国的启示[J].人民检察,2018(7):45.
[2]郭瑜.个人数据保护法研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012:88.
[3] SAMUELSON P. Privacy as intellectual property[J].Stanford Law Review,2000(5):1-42.
[4]王利明.论个人信息权的法律保护——以个人信息权与隐私权的界分为中心[J].现代法学,2013(4):70.
[5]郭力嘉.大数据环境下侵犯公民个人信息罪法益的应然转向[J].法学评论,2018(2):116-118.
[6]陈晓东.强化财产刑执行检察监督的路径[J].人民检察,2017(19):76.
[7]张明楷.刑法学[M].5版.北京:法律出版社,2016.
[8]赵兴洪.缓刑适用的中国图景——基于裁判文书大数据的实证研究[J].当代法学,2017(2):58-59.
[9]文立彬.涉数据网络犯罪的规制困境与优化路径[J].重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5):42.
[10]金耀.个人信息去身份的法理基础与规范重塑[J].法学评论,2017(3):120-130.
[11]孟璐.网络虚拟财产的刑法保护——以谦抑刑法为分析视角[J].法学杂志,2017(11):39-46.
[12]张明楷.网络时代的刑法理念——以刑法的谦抑性为中心[J].人民检察,2014(9):6-21.
[13] BAKKEN D E,PARAMESWARAN R,BLOUGH D M,et al. Data Obfuscation:Anonymity and Desensitization of Usable Data Sets[J]. IEEE Security&Privacy,2004(6):34-41.
[14]张勇,江奥立.侵犯公民个人信息罪中的信息数量及认定规则[J].上海政法学院学报,2018(1):23-24.
[15]陈文昊.侵犯公民个人信息罪中的“外围”立法与解释进路[J].重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):41-42.
[16]付玉明.侵犯公民个人信息案件之“批量公民个人信息”的数量认定规则[J].浙江社会科学,2017(10):28-29.
[17]李天发,王恒勤.德国罚金刑执行及其对我国的启示[J].人民检察,2018(7):45.