深水钻井沿隔水管超声波气侵实时监测技术研究
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摘要
早期溢流监测对预防石油开发钻井过程中井喷失控恶性事故具有至关重要的作用。深水钻井作业过程中在不破坏钻井隔水管力学结构的前提下,基于非接触式超声波测量手段沿程监测隔水管内部钻井液流动特征参数,设计了适合深水钻井隔水管气侵监测系统。实验模拟分析了深水钻井隔水管气侵监测系统超声波时差法和超声波多普勒法的气侵监测效果,结果表明:超声波时差法虽然在清水中可以实现含气率测量,但是对于水基钻井液并不适合;极小含气情况下,多普勒频移量出现极大衰减,并随着含气率的增加而下降,因此超声波多普勒方法对气侵早期识别具有可行性。上述成果对于深水钻井早期溢流监测有指导意义。
Early kick detection is of great significance to prevent blowout in well drilling operations.During deep water drilling operations,early kick detection can be realized by using non-intrusive ultrasonic measurements to monitor the flow characteristics of the drilling fluid inside the riser without changing the riser's mechanical structure.And then the kick detection system for deep water drilling operations was designed.The phenomena of kicking inside the riser were experimentally investigated in the laboratory by ultrasonic time difference method and ultrasonic Doppler method.It is found that the time difference method is suitable to measure the void fraction of water,but not for the water-based drilling fluid.It is also found that the frequency shift of Doppler severely attenuates when the void fraction is tiny,and it keeps decreasing as the void fraction increases.Hence the feasibility of using Doppler method to detect the early kick inside the riser is proved from this study.The above findings can be used for guiding the early kick detection during deep water drilling operations.
Early kick detection is of great significance to prevent blowout in well drilling operations.During deep water drilling operations,early kick detection can be realized by using non-intrusive ultrasonic measurements to monitor the flow characteristics of the drilling fluid inside the riser without changing the riser's mechanical structure.And then the kick detection system for deep water drilling operations was designed.The phenomena of kicking inside the riser were experimentally investigated in the laboratory by ultrasonic time difference method and ultrasonic Doppler method.It is found that the time difference method is suitable to measure the void fraction of water,but not for the water-based drilling fluid.It is also found that the frequency shift of Doppler severely attenuates when the void fraction is tiny,and it keeps decreasing as the void fraction increases.Hence the feasibility of using Doppler method to detect the early kick inside the riser is proved from this study.The above findings can be used for guiding the early kick detection during deep water drilling operations.
引文
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[13]BRENNEN C E.Cavitation and bubble dynamics[M].Oxford:Cambridge University Press,1995.
[2]李修峰,陈国明,孟会行,等.南海深水半潜式钻井平台井喷时可燃气体扩散规律[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(1):111-115,120.Li Xiufeng,Chen Guoming,Meng Huihang,et al.Diffusion characteristics of blowout combustible gas in semi-submersible drilling platform in South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2015,27(1):111-115,120.
[3]中国石油天然气集团公司工程技术与市场部,中国石油天然气集团公司石油工程技术承包商协会.中国石油天然气集团公司井喷事故案例汇编[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[4]卓鲁斌,葛云华,汪海阁.深水钻井早期井涌检测方法及其未来趋势[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(1):22-26.Zhuo Lubin,Ge Yunhua,Wang Haige.Early kick detection methods for deepwater drilling and its future development[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2009,31(1):22-26.
[5]陈庭根,管志川.钻井工程理论与技术[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000.Chen Tinggen,Guan Zhichuan.Theory and technology of drilling engineering[M].Dongying:Petroleum University Press,2000.
[6]李相方,管丛笑,隋秀香,等.气侵检测技术的研究[J].天然气工业,1995,15(4):19-22,109.Li Xiangfang,Guan Congxiao,Sui Xiuxiang,et al.Research on gas cut detecting technology[J].Natural Gas Industry,1995,15(4):19-22,109.
[7]任美鹏,李相方,刘书杰,等.深水钻井井筒气液两相溢流特征及其识别方法[J].工程热物理学报,2011,32(12):2068-2072.Ren Meipeng,Li Xiangfang,Liu Shujie,et al.The characteristics and identification method of Gas-Liquid two flow overflow in deepwater drilling[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2011,32(12):2068-2072.
[8]NAS S.Kick detection and well control in a closed wellbore[R].SPE143099,2011.
[9]TSEYTLIN S.Methods and devices for determination of gas-kick parameters and prevention of well explosion[R].SPE 166871,2013.
[10]李晓光,马净.多普勒超声波流量计基本原理及应用[J].可编程控制器与工厂自动化,2005,6(3):115-116.Li Xiaoguang,Ma Jing.The application and principle of Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter[J].Programmable Controller&Factory Automation,2005,6(3):115-116.
[11]丁丽晶.基于DPS技术的超声波多普勒流量计的设计[D].大连:大连理工大学,2002.Ding Lijing.Design of ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter based on the DSP technique[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2002.
[12]陈磊.超声波技术在钻井液流量测量中的应用研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2011.Chen Lei.The application of ultrasonic on measuring the flux of drilling fluid[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2011.
[13]BRENNEN C E.Cavitation and bubble dynamics[M].Oxford:Cambridge University Press,1995.