长江河口北港北汊河势演变及趋势分析
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摘要
在分析长江口北港北汊河段实测水文资料及1977-2013年海图基础上,研究近30多年来该河段河势演变趋势及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)历史上,北港北汊河段经历了团结沙与北港北沙的交替更迭;(2)北港北汊是一个典型的复式河槽,其上段1995-2006年以冲刷为主,2006-2013年以淤积为主;中段1995-2013年均以冲刷为主;下段变化不大。(3)洪水导致了北港北汊复式河槽格局的形成,而北槽深水航道北导堤和横沙东滩促淤圈围工程限制了北港落潮水流通过横沙东滩串沟进入北槽,进而导致北港北汊分流增加,是北港北汊发展的重要因素。
By analyzing recently measured hydrological data and historical charts for the north inlet of the North Channel in the Yangtze Estuary from1977 to 2013, the river regime evolution and its impact factor for the last 30 years are investigated in this paper. The results show that:(1) The Tuanjiesha shoal and the Beisha shoal alternated with each other in the north inlet of the North Channel in history;( 2) The north inlet of the North Channel is a typically compound channel. Its upper section mainly experienced the scouring of seabed from 1995 to 2006 and the deposition of sediments from 2006 to 2013. And the middle section had been mainly scoured from 1995 to 2013, while the lower section changed scarcely during this period.(3) Big floods in 1998 and 1999 led to the formation of compound channel of the north inlet of the North Channel. The north jetty of the deep-water navigation channel in the North Passage combining together with the reclamation engineering on the Hengsha East shoal prevented the ebb flow of the North Channel from entering into the North Passage via the string hook on the Hengsha East shoal, contributing to the increased distributaries of the channel, which is one of the most important factors in the development of the north inlet of the North Channel.
By analyzing recently measured hydrological data and historical charts for the north inlet of the North Channel in the Yangtze Estuary from1977 to 2013, the river regime evolution and its impact factor for the last 30 years are investigated in this paper. The results show that:(1) The Tuanjiesha shoal and the Beisha shoal alternated with each other in the north inlet of the North Channel in history;( 2) The north inlet of the North Channel is a typically compound channel. Its upper section mainly experienced the scouring of seabed from 1995 to 2006 and the deposition of sediments from 2006 to 2013. And the middle section had been mainly scoured from 1995 to 2013, while the lower section changed scarcely during this period.(3) Big floods in 1998 and 1999 led to the formation of compound channel of the north inlet of the North Channel. The north jetty of the deep-water navigation channel in the North Passage combining together with the reclamation engineering on the Hengsha East shoal prevented the ebb flow of the North Channel from entering into the North Passage via the string hook on the Hengsha East shoal, contributing to the increased distributaries of the channel, which is one of the most important factors in the development of the north inlet of the North Channel.
引文
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Li L,Zhu J R,Wu H,et al,2010.A numerical study on the water diversion ratio of the Changjiang Estuary during the dry season.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnololgy,28(3):700-712.
Simmons H B,Broun F R,1969.Salinity effect on hydraulics and shoaling in estuary.IAHR 13th Congress(3):311-326.
Wu H,Zhu J R,Fu L H,2010.Links between saltwater intrusion and subtidal circulation in the Changjiang Estuary:A model-guided study.Continental Shelf Research,30:1891-1905.
陈泾,朱建荣,2014.长江河口青草沙水库盐水入侵来源.海洋学报,36(11):131-141.
杜景龙,杨世伦,陈广平,2013.30多年来人类活动对长江三角洲前缘滩涂冲淤演变的影响.海洋通报,32(3):296-302.
郭兴杰,2015.长江口北港河势演变及稳定性分析.上海:华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室.
和玉芳,程和琴,陈吉余,2011.近百年来长江河口航道拦门沙的形态演变特征.地理学报,66(3):305-312.
侯成程,朱建荣,2013.长江河口盐水入侵对大通枯季径流量变化的响应时间.海洋学报,35(4):29-35.
李伯昌,王钰,唐敏炯,2012.长江口北港近期河床演变分析与治理对策.人民长江,43(3):12-15.
刘高伟,2015.近期长江河口典型河槽动力沉积地貌过程.上海:华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室.
刘高伟,程和琴,计娜,等,2014.近10年来长江河口北港上段河道水域水动力及含沙量变化特征.海洋通报,33(4):428-435.
刘玮玮,唐建华,谬世强,2011.长江河口北港河势演变趋势及工程影响分析.人民长江,42(11):39-43.
陆雪骏,程和琴,胡浩,等,2015.基于ADCP的长江河口推移质运动特性研究.海洋通报,(8):385-391.
茅志昌,武小勇,赵常青,2008.长江口北港拦门沙河段上段演变分析.泥沙研究,4(2):41-46.
茅志昌,虞志英,徐海根,2014.上海潮滩研究.上海:华东师范大学出版社.
沈焕庭,茅志昌,朱建荣,2003.长江河口盐水入侵.北京:海洋出版社.
施野,张国安,2015.近50年长江口南、北港及附近分汊型河槽的演变.海洋通报,34(3):260-266.
王绍祥,朱建荣,2015.不同潮型和风况下青草沙水库取水口盐水入侵来源.华东师范大学学报,7(4):65-76.
王维佳,蒋雪中,薛静波,等,2014.长江口横沙附近河势变化与可利用港航资源分析.长江流域资源与环境,23(1):39-45.
武小勇,2005.长江口北港河势演变分析.上海:华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室.
项印玉,朱建荣,吴辉,2009.冬季陆架环流对长江河口盐水入侵的影响.自然科学进展,19(2):192-202.
肖成猷,朱建荣,沈焕庭,2000.长江口北支盐水倒灌的数值模型研究.海洋学报,22(5):124-132.
严棋,吴辉,朱建荣,2015.中国主要入海河流冲淡水扩展特性联合数值模拟研究.华东师范大学学报,7(4):87-96.
恽才兴,2004.长江河口近期演变基本规律.北京:海军出版社.
朱建荣,顾玉亮,吴辉,2013.长江河口青草沙水库最长连续不宜取水天数.海洋与湖沼,44(5):1138-1145.
朱文武,李九发,王飞,等,2015.近年来长江口南港河道泥沙特性变化研究.海洋通报,34(4):377-384.
Li L,Zhu J R,Wu H,et al,2010.A numerical study on the water diversion ratio of the Changjiang Estuary during the dry season.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnololgy,28(3):700-712.
Simmons H B,Broun F R,1969.Salinity effect on hydraulics and shoaling in estuary.IAHR 13th Congress(3):311-326.
Wu H,Zhu J R,Fu L H,2010.Links between saltwater intrusion and subtidal circulation in the Changjiang Estuary:A model-guided study.Continental Shelf Research,30:1891-1905.
陈泾,朱建荣,2014.长江河口青草沙水库盐水入侵来源.海洋学报,36(11):131-141.
杜景龙,杨世伦,陈广平,2013.30多年来人类活动对长江三角洲前缘滩涂冲淤演变的影响.海洋通报,32(3):296-302.
郭兴杰,2015.长江口北港河势演变及稳定性分析.上海:华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室.
和玉芳,程和琴,陈吉余,2011.近百年来长江河口航道拦门沙的形态演变特征.地理学报,66(3):305-312.
侯成程,朱建荣,2013.长江河口盐水入侵对大通枯季径流量变化的响应时间.海洋学报,35(4):29-35.
李伯昌,王钰,唐敏炯,2012.长江口北港近期河床演变分析与治理对策.人民长江,43(3):12-15.
刘高伟,2015.近期长江河口典型河槽动力沉积地貌过程.上海:华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室.
刘高伟,程和琴,计娜,等,2014.近10年来长江河口北港上段河道水域水动力及含沙量变化特征.海洋通报,33(4):428-435.
刘玮玮,唐建华,谬世强,2011.长江河口北港河势演变趋势及工程影响分析.人民长江,42(11):39-43.
陆雪骏,程和琴,胡浩,等,2015.基于ADCP的长江河口推移质运动特性研究.海洋通报,(8):385-391.
茅志昌,武小勇,赵常青,2008.长江口北港拦门沙河段上段演变分析.泥沙研究,4(2):41-46.
茅志昌,虞志英,徐海根,2014.上海潮滩研究.上海:华东师范大学出版社.
沈焕庭,茅志昌,朱建荣,2003.长江河口盐水入侵.北京:海洋出版社.
施野,张国安,2015.近50年长江口南、北港及附近分汊型河槽的演变.海洋通报,34(3):260-266.
王绍祥,朱建荣,2015.不同潮型和风况下青草沙水库取水口盐水入侵来源.华东师范大学学报,7(4):65-76.
王维佳,蒋雪中,薛静波,等,2014.长江口横沙附近河势变化与可利用港航资源分析.长江流域资源与环境,23(1):39-45.
武小勇,2005.长江口北港河势演变分析.上海:华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室.
项印玉,朱建荣,吴辉,2009.冬季陆架环流对长江河口盐水入侵的影响.自然科学进展,19(2):192-202.
肖成猷,朱建荣,沈焕庭,2000.长江口北支盐水倒灌的数值模型研究.海洋学报,22(5):124-132.
严棋,吴辉,朱建荣,2015.中国主要入海河流冲淡水扩展特性联合数值模拟研究.华东师范大学学报,7(4):87-96.
恽才兴,2004.长江河口近期演变基本规律.北京:海军出版社.
朱建荣,顾玉亮,吴辉,2013.长江河口青草沙水库最长连续不宜取水天数.海洋与湖沼,44(5):1138-1145.
朱文武,李九发,王飞,等,2015.近年来长江口南港河道泥沙特性变化研究.海洋通报,34(4):377-384.