长江口深水航道及横沙东滩促淤圈围对滞流点的影响
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摘要
滞流点位置的变化对河口拦门沙的形成和泥沙淤积具有极大的影响.基于MIKE3软件建立长江口水动力和盐度输运三维数学模型,采用实测资料对模型的潮位、流速、流向和盐度进行验证.运用验证好的数学模型模拟和分析长江口深水航道工程及横沙东滩促淤圈围工程对河口滞流点位置的影响,结果表明,(1)应用改进的近底层平均单宽通量计算公式确定滞流点的位置,验证结果良好,可以用该公式确定滞流点的位置;(2)深水航道工程的建设增大了水深和涨落潮流速,各汊道内落潮流量的增加明显高于涨潮流量的增加,且滞流点均向下游移动;(3)横沙东滩促淤圈围工程建成后,北港滞流点向下游移动约5km,北槽和南槽的滞流点则向上游移动约1km.
Variation of stagnation point has significant influence on mouth bar formation and sediment deposition.A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and salinity transport model based on MIKE 3 which has well been validated through observation data of tidal level, velocity magnitude and direction,and salinity was established to simulate and analyze the movement of the stagnation points caused by the Yangtze estuary deepwater channel project and the Hengsha east shoal siltation and reclamation project.It reveals that,(1)Position of stagnation point is determined by an improved bottom average unit-width flux formula,and the verification of stagnation point is good.(2) Water depth and current speed has increased after construction of the Yangtze estuary deepwater channel project,the increase of ebb discharge is obviously large than the increase of flood discharge,and stagnation points move downstream in all bifurcations.(3)After the Hengsha east shoal siltation and reclamation project,stagnation point moves about5 km downstream in the North Channel and moves about 1 km upstream in both North Passage and South Passage.
Variation of stagnation point has significant influence on mouth bar formation and sediment deposition.A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and salinity transport model based on MIKE 3 which has well been validated through observation data of tidal level, velocity magnitude and direction,and salinity was established to simulate and analyze the movement of the stagnation points caused by the Yangtze estuary deepwater channel project and the Hengsha east shoal siltation and reclamation project.It reveals that,(1)Position of stagnation point is determined by an improved bottom average unit-width flux formula,and the verification of stagnation point is good.(2) Water depth and current speed has increased after construction of the Yangtze estuary deepwater channel project,the increase of ebb discharge is obviously large than the increase of flood discharge,and stagnation points move downstream in all bifurcations.(3)After the Hengsha east shoal siltation and reclamation project,stagnation point moves about5 km downstream in the North Channel and moves about 1 km upstream in both North Passage and South Passage.
引文
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[15]赵德招,张俊勇.长江口南槽航道进一步开发的基本思路及框架[J].水运工程,2016(3):89.ZHAO Dezhao,ZHANG Junyong.Basic idea and framework on further development of navigation channel of South Passage in the Yangtze estuary[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2016(3):89.
[16]陆叶峰,杨世伦,刘建华,等.长江口悬沙浓度时空变化研究——以2012年和2013年洪季为例[J].人民长江,2015,46(5):19.LU Yefeng,YANG Shilun,LIU Jianhua,et al.Spatial and temporal variation of suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in Yangtze estuary:A case study on flood seasons of 2012 and2013[J].Yangtze River,2015,46(5):19.
[17]窦润青,郭文云,葛建忠,等.长江口北槽落潮分流比变化原因分析[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014(3):93.DOU Runqing,GUO Wenyun,GE Jianzhong,et al.Analysis for variation of the ebb flow diversion ratios in the North Passage of the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Journal of East China Normal University,2014(3):93.
[18]陈卫中.长江口深水航道治理工程概况[J].水利水电技术,1999,30(9):69.CHEN Weizhong.Brief introduction of regulation project for deep water navigation channel in Yangtze estuary[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1999,30(9):69.
[19]赵恩宝,王大伟,曹慧江.横沙东滩促淤圈围工程对长江口北槽深水航道的影响[J].中国港湾建设,2015,35(9):14.ZHAO Enbao,WANG Dawei,CAO Huijiang.Influence of Hengsha east shoal siltation and reclamation project on North Passage of Yangtze estuary deepwater channel[J].China Harbour Engineering,2015,35(9):14.
[2]魏守林,郑漓,杨作升.河口最大浑浊带的数值模拟[J].海洋湖沼通报,1990(4):14.WEI Shoulin,ZHENG Li,YANG Zuosheng.A numerical simulation of the turbidity maxima in estuaries[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,1990(4):14.
[3]顾伟浩.长江口滞流点位置的预测[J].水运工程,1982(9):26.GU Weihao.Prediction of position of stagnation point in Yangtze River[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,1982(9):26.
[4]SIMMONS H B,BROUN F R.Salinity effect on hydraulics and shoaling in estuary[C]//The 13th International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research World Congress.Kyoto:IAHR Committee,1969(3):311-326.
[5]王晓莉,顾杰,马丹青,等.数值模拟长江口滞流点的季节变化[C]//第十二届全国水动力学学术会议文集.北京:海洋出版社,2013:1081-1087.WANG Xiaoli,GU Jie,MA Danqing,et al.Numerical simulation of the seasonal movement of stagnation points in the Yangtze Estuary[C]//The 12th National Congress on Hydrodynamics Conference Proceedings.Beijing:Ocean Press,2013:1081-1087.
[6]徐锟.长江口滞流点的数值模拟[D].上海:华东师范大学,2012.XU Kun.Numerical simulation of the stagnation points in the Yangtze Estuary[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2012.
[7]黄李冰,李义天,韩剑桥,等.径潮动力对长江河口滞流点的影响[J].水科学进展,2015,26(4):572.HUANG Libing,LI Yitian,HAN Jianqiao,et al.Influence of change in river discharge and tides on stagnation points in the Yangtze estuary[J].Advances in Water Science,2015,26(4):572.
[8]Danish Hydraulic Institute.Mike 21&Mike 3 Flow Model FM hydrodynamic and transport module scientific documentation[EB/OL].[2016-10-15].http://www.dhigroup.com/.
[9]孙波.三峡与南水北调工程对长江口盐水楔影响的数值研究[D].上海:同济大学,2009.SUN Bo.Numerical study on impact of South-to-North Water Transfer Project on the saline wedge of Yangtze estuary[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2009.
[10]WILLMOTT Cort J.On the validation of models[J].Physical Geography,1981,2(55):184.
[11]时伟荣,李九发.长江河口南北槽输沙机制及浑浊带发育分析[J].海洋通报,1993,12(4):69.SHI Weirong,LI Jiufa.Mud transport calculation in Yangtze estuary and analyses of formation of turbidity maximum[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1993,12(4):69.
[12]周念清,王燕,夏明亮.长江口的演化与发展趋势[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(3):132.ZHOU Nianqing,WANG Yan,XIA Mingliang.Estuarine evolvement of the Yangtze River and its developing trend[J].Bulletin of Soil&Water Conservation,2007,27(3):132.
[13]孔令双,戚定满,赵德招.长江口北港航道整治方案初步研究[C]//第十五届中国海洋工程学术讨论会.太原:海洋工程学会,2011:1129-1134.KONG Lingshuang,QI Dingman,ZHAO Dezhao.Preliminary study of regulation scheme of North Channel in Yangtze estuary[C]//The 15th China Ocean Engineering Academic Conference.Taiyuan:Ocean Engineering Institute,2011:1129-1134.
[14]左书华,李松喆,韩志远,等.长江口北槽河槽地形变化及深水航道回淤特征分析[J].水道港口,2015,36(1):1.ZUO Shuhua,LI Songzhe,HAN Zhiyuan,et al.Morphological change and siltation in North Passage deep waterways in Yangtze Estuary[J].Journal of Waterway&Harbor,2015,36(1):1.
[15]赵德招,张俊勇.长江口南槽航道进一步开发的基本思路及框架[J].水运工程,2016(3):89.ZHAO Dezhao,ZHANG Junyong.Basic idea and framework on further development of navigation channel of South Passage in the Yangtze estuary[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2016(3):89.
[16]陆叶峰,杨世伦,刘建华,等.长江口悬沙浓度时空变化研究——以2012年和2013年洪季为例[J].人民长江,2015,46(5):19.LU Yefeng,YANG Shilun,LIU Jianhua,et al.Spatial and temporal variation of suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in Yangtze estuary:A case study on flood seasons of 2012 and2013[J].Yangtze River,2015,46(5):19.
[17]窦润青,郭文云,葛建忠,等.长江口北槽落潮分流比变化原因分析[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014(3):93.DOU Runqing,GUO Wenyun,GE Jianzhong,et al.Analysis for variation of the ebb flow diversion ratios in the North Passage of the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Journal of East China Normal University,2014(3):93.
[18]陈卫中.长江口深水航道治理工程概况[J].水利水电技术,1999,30(9):69.CHEN Weizhong.Brief introduction of regulation project for deep water navigation channel in Yangtze estuary[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1999,30(9):69.
[19]赵恩宝,王大伟,曹慧江.横沙东滩促淤圈围工程对长江口北槽深水航道的影响[J].中国港湾建设,2015,35(9):14.ZHAO Enbao,WANG Dawei,CAO Huijiang.Influence of Hengsha east shoal siltation and reclamation project on North Passage of Yangtze estuary deepwater channel[J].China Harbour Engineering,2015,35(9):14.