饲粮中添加铬对妊娠后期母羊繁殖性能及其子代羔羊生长发育的影响
|
摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加铬对妊娠后期母羊繁殖性能及其子代羔羊生长发育的影响。选用胎次(2胎)相同、体重[(52.36±8.24) kg]相近的处于妊娠(90±4) d的乐至黑山羊母羊40只,预饲7 d后,随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只羊,单栏单饲。4组母羊分别饲喂在基础饲粮(铬含量为0.39 mg/kg DM)中添加0(对照)、0.4、1.2和2.0 mg/kg DM铬(铬源于丙酸铬)的试验饲粮。待母羊产仔后,调整羔羊数量使每只母羊所带羔羊数相等,进行母乳饲养至羔羊21日龄,试验期共81 d。结果显示:1)在妊娠后期母羊饲粮中添加不同水平的铬对妊娠后期和产后1～21 d母羊的干物质采食量(DMI)以及子代羔羊的生长性能均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。2)在妊娠后期母羊饲粮中添加不同水平的铬对妊娠120 d母羊血清促黄体素(LH)和雌二醇(E2)含量没有显著影响(P>0.05),但是可以线性提高妊娠120 d母羊血清孕酮(P4)含量(P=0.016 2),且血清促卵泡素(FSH)含量随铬添加水平的升高呈现先升高再降低的二次曲线变化趋势(P=0.050 4),在铬添加水平为0.4 mg/kg DM时有最大值。3)在妊娠后期母羊饲粮中添加不同水平的铬可以线性提高21日龄子代羔羊的肾脏指数(P=0.011 4)和瘤胃指数(P=0.024 8),且胸腺指数(P=0.014 0)随着铬添加水平的升高呈现先升高再降低的二次曲线变化,并在铬添加水平为1.2 mg/kg DM时有最大值。综合以上结果可知,在饲粮中添加铬可以在一定程度上提高妊娠后期母羊血清繁殖相关激素含量,并且可提高21日龄子代羔羊肾脏、胸腺和瘤胃指数。
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary chromium on reproductive performance of ewes during late gestation and growth and development of their offspring.Forty Lezhi black ewes with the same parity(second parity) and similar body weight [(52.36±8.24) kg]at(90±4) d of gestation were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 10 replicates in each group and 1 ewe in each replicate,and the ewes were fed separately.The ewes in the 4 group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0(control),0.4,1.2 and2.0 mg/kg DM chromium,respectively.Chromium was supplemented from chromium propionate.After the offspring goat kids were born,the number of the goat kids per replicate was adjusted to the same,and the goat kids were breast-fed to 21 days of age.The experiment period was 81 days in total.The results showed as follows:1) the dry matter intake(DMI) of ewes during late gestation and to 21 days after childbirth and the growth performance of offspring goat kids were not affected by dietary supplemented with different levels of chromium of ewes during late gestation(P>0.05).2) Serum luteinizing hormone(LH) and estradiol(E2)contents of ewes at 120 d pregnancy were not affected by dietary supplemented with different levels of chromium of ewes during late gestation(P>0.05).Serum progesterone(P4) content of ewes at 120 d pregnancy was linearly improved by dietary supplemented with different levels of chromium of ewes during late gestation(P=0.016 2).Serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) content was quadratically improved as the dietary chromium supplemental level increase(P=0.050 4),and the highest value was obtained when chromium supplemental level was 0.4 mg/kg DM.3) Kidney index(P=0.011 4) and rumen index(P=0.024 8) of 21-dayold offspring goat kids were linearly improved by dietary supplemented with different levels of chromium of ewes during late gestation.Thymus index was quadratically improved as the dietary chromium supplemental level increase(P=0.014 0),and the highest value was obtained when chromium supplemental level was1.2 mg/kg DM.These results suggest that dietary supplemented with chromium can improve the contents of serum reproductive related hormones of ewes during late gestation to a certain extent,and increase kidney,thymus and rumen indexes of 21-day-old offspring goat kids.
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary chromium on reproductive performance of ewes during late gestation and growth and development of their offspring.Forty Lezhi black ewes with the same parity(second parity) and similar body weight [(52.36±8.24) kg]at(90±4) d of gestation were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 10 replicates in each group and 1 ewe in each replicate,and the ewes were fed separately.The ewes in the 4 group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0(control),0.4,1.2 and2.0 mg/kg DM chromium,respectively.Chromium was supplemented from chromium propionate.After the offspring goat kids were born,the number of the goat kids per replicate was adjusted to the same,and the goat kids were breast-fed to 21 days of age.The experiment period was 81 days in total.The results showed as follows:1) the dry matter intake(DMI) of ewes during late gestation and to 21 days after childbirth and the growth performance of offspring goat kids were not affected by dietary supplemented with different levels of chromium of ewes during late gestation(P>0.05).2) Serum luteinizing hormone(LH) and estradiol(E2)contents of ewes at 120 d pregnancy were not affected by dietary supplemented with different levels of chromium of ewes during late gestation(P>0.05).Serum progesterone(P4) content of ewes at 120 d pregnancy was linearly improved by dietary supplemented with different levels of chromium of ewes during late gestation(P=0.016 2).Serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) content was quadratically improved as the dietary chromium supplemental level increase(P=0.050 4),and the highest value was obtained when chromium supplemental level was 0.4 mg/kg DM.3) Kidney index(P=0.011 4) and rumen index(P=0.024 8) of 21-dayold offspring goat kids were linearly improved by dietary supplemented with different levels of chromium of ewes during late gestation.Thymus index was quadratically improved as the dietary chromium supplemental level increase(P=0.014 0),and the highest value was obtained when chromium supplemental level was1.2 mg/kg DM.These results suggest that dietary supplemented with chromium can improve the contents of serum reproductive related hormones of ewes during late gestation to a certain extent,and increase kidney,thymus and rumen indexes of 21-day-old offspring goat kids.
引文
[1]VINCENT J B.The bioinorganic chemistry of chromium(III)[J].Polyhedron,2001,20(1/2):1-26.
[2]SAMANT S,HALDAR S,BAHADUR V,et al.Chromium picolinate can ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress and enhance performance,carcass and meat traits in broiler chickens by reducing the circulatory cortisol level[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2008,88(5):787-796.
[3]ZHA L Y,ZENG J W,CHU X W,et al.Efficacy of trivalent chromium on growth performance,carcass characteristics and tissue chromium in heat-stressed broiler chicks[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2009,89(10):1782-1786.
[4]SPEARS J W,WHISNANT C S,HUNTINGTON GB,et al.Chromium propionate enhances insulin sensitivity in growing cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(4):2037-2045.
[5]KAFILZADEH F,SHABANKAREH H K,TARGHIBIM R.Effect of chromium supplementation on productive and reproductive performances and some metabolic parameters in late gestation and early lactation of dairy cows[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2012,149(1):42-49.
[6]LINDEMANN M D,CARTER S D,CHINBA L I,et al.A regional evaluation of chromium tripicolinate supplementation of diets fed to reproducing sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(10):2972-2977.
[7]Real D E,NELSSEN J L,TOKACH M D,et al.Additive effects of L-carnitine and chromium picolinate on sow reproductive performance[J].Livestock Science,2008,116(1-3):63-69.
[8]杜立银,鲁金波,崔志军,等.补铬对经产母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].内蒙古民族大学学报,2006,21(1):53-56.
[9]王春梅.微量元素铬在畜禽生产上的应用[J].江西饲料,2009(5):16-18.
[10]GHAZI S,HABIBIAN M,MOEINI M M,et al.Effects of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium on growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2012,146(3):309-317.
[11]UYANIK F,ATASEVER A,OZDAMAR S,et al.Effects of dietary chromium chloride supplementation on performance,some serum parameters,and immune response in broilers[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2002,90(1):99-115.
[12]SADRI H,GHORBANI G R,RAHMANI H R,et al.Chromium supplementation and substitution of barley grain with corn:effects on performance and lactation in periparturient dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(11):5411-5418.
[13]DEKA R S,MANI V,KUMAR M,et al.Body condition,e nergy balance and immune status of periparturient Murrah buffaloes(Bubalus bubalis)supplemented with inorganic chromium[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2014,161(1):57-68.
[14]YASUI T,MCART J A,RYAN C M,et al.Effects of chromium propionate supplementation during the periparturient period and early lactation on metabolism,performance,and cytological endometritis in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(10):6400-6410.
[15]SOLTAN M A.Effect of dietary chromium supplementation on productive and reproductive performance of early lactating dairy cows under heat stress[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2010,94(2):264-272.
[16]赖安强.吡啶羧酸铬对热应激下奶牛生产性能、血液生化指标和繁殖性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[17]MAROUANI N,TEBOURBI O,MAHJOUB S,et al.Effects of hexavalent chromium on reproductive functions of male adult rats[J].Reproductive Biology,2012,12(2):119-133.
[18]WANG L S,SHI Z,JIA Z Q,et al.The effects of dietary supplementation with chromium picolinate throughout gestation on productive performance,Cr concentration,serum parameters,and colostrum composition in sows[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2013,154(1):55-61.
[19]STANIEK H,KREJPCIO Z.The effects of tricentric chromium(Ⅲ)propionate complex supplementation on pregnancy outcome and maternal and foetal mineral status in rat[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2009,47(10):2673-2678.
[20]贾瑞莲,鲍宏云.蛋氨酸铬对母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].饲料工业,2012,33(16):57-58.
[21]钱利纯,邹晓庭,许梓荣.有机铬对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].饲料工业,2000(11):12-13.
[22]黎雄才,赵伟健,张富发,等.铬对SPF级新西兰兔繁殖性能的影响[J].实验动物科学,2012,29(2):26-28.
[23]王光富,何建,李立力,等.L-肉碱和酵母铬对母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2010(12):16-17.
[24]LINDEMANN M D,WOOD C M,HARPER A F,et al.Dietary chromium picolinate additions improve gain:feed and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs and increase litter size in reproducing sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(2):457-465.
[25]田世勋,袁艺森,李越,等.吡啶羧酸铬对生长期笼养蛋鸭免疫器官指数和抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国饲料,2014(12):34-37,40.
[26]杨建,黄艳玲,郑灿财,等.3种铬源对21日龄热应激肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官、脂肪沉积及血清生化特性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(5):41-46.
[27]陈广信,高振华,曹赞,等.吡啶羧酸铬对罗斯肉鸡屠体性能、肉品质及免疫器官指数的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(6):4-9.
[2]SAMANT S,HALDAR S,BAHADUR V,et al.Chromium picolinate can ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress and enhance performance,carcass and meat traits in broiler chickens by reducing the circulatory cortisol level[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2008,88(5):787-796.
[3]ZHA L Y,ZENG J W,CHU X W,et al.Efficacy of trivalent chromium on growth performance,carcass characteristics and tissue chromium in heat-stressed broiler chicks[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2009,89(10):1782-1786.
[4]SPEARS J W,WHISNANT C S,HUNTINGTON GB,et al.Chromium propionate enhances insulin sensitivity in growing cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(4):2037-2045.
[5]KAFILZADEH F,SHABANKAREH H K,TARGHIBIM R.Effect of chromium supplementation on productive and reproductive performances and some metabolic parameters in late gestation and early lactation of dairy cows[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2012,149(1):42-49.
[6]LINDEMANN M D,CARTER S D,CHINBA L I,et al.A regional evaluation of chromium tripicolinate supplementation of diets fed to reproducing sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(10):2972-2977.
[7]Real D E,NELSSEN J L,TOKACH M D,et al.Additive effects of L-carnitine and chromium picolinate on sow reproductive performance[J].Livestock Science,2008,116(1-3):63-69.
[8]杜立银,鲁金波,崔志军,等.补铬对经产母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].内蒙古民族大学学报,2006,21(1):53-56.
[9]王春梅.微量元素铬在畜禽生产上的应用[J].江西饲料,2009(5):16-18.
[10]GHAZI S,HABIBIAN M,MOEINI M M,et al.Effects of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium on growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2012,146(3):309-317.
[11]UYANIK F,ATASEVER A,OZDAMAR S,et al.Effects of dietary chromium chloride supplementation on performance,some serum parameters,and immune response in broilers[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2002,90(1):99-115.
[12]SADRI H,GHORBANI G R,RAHMANI H R,et al.Chromium supplementation and substitution of barley grain with corn:effects on performance and lactation in periparturient dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(11):5411-5418.
[13]DEKA R S,MANI V,KUMAR M,et al.Body condition,e nergy balance and immune status of periparturient Murrah buffaloes(Bubalus bubalis)supplemented with inorganic chromium[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2014,161(1):57-68.
[14]YASUI T,MCART J A,RYAN C M,et al.Effects of chromium propionate supplementation during the periparturient period and early lactation on metabolism,performance,and cytological endometritis in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(10):6400-6410.
[15]SOLTAN M A.Effect of dietary chromium supplementation on productive and reproductive performance of early lactating dairy cows under heat stress[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2010,94(2):264-272.
[16]赖安强.吡啶羧酸铬对热应激下奶牛生产性能、血液生化指标和繁殖性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[17]MAROUANI N,TEBOURBI O,MAHJOUB S,et al.Effects of hexavalent chromium on reproductive functions of male adult rats[J].Reproductive Biology,2012,12(2):119-133.
[18]WANG L S,SHI Z,JIA Z Q,et al.The effects of dietary supplementation with chromium picolinate throughout gestation on productive performance,Cr concentration,serum parameters,and colostrum composition in sows[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2013,154(1):55-61.
[19]STANIEK H,KREJPCIO Z.The effects of tricentric chromium(Ⅲ)propionate complex supplementation on pregnancy outcome and maternal and foetal mineral status in rat[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2009,47(10):2673-2678.
[20]贾瑞莲,鲍宏云.蛋氨酸铬对母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].饲料工业,2012,33(16):57-58.
[21]钱利纯,邹晓庭,许梓荣.有机铬对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].饲料工业,2000(11):12-13.
[22]黎雄才,赵伟健,张富发,等.铬对SPF级新西兰兔繁殖性能的影响[J].实验动物科学,2012,29(2):26-28.
[23]王光富,何建,李立力,等.L-肉碱和酵母铬对母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2010(12):16-17.
[24]LINDEMANN M D,WOOD C M,HARPER A F,et al.Dietary chromium picolinate additions improve gain:feed and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs and increase litter size in reproducing sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(2):457-465.
[25]田世勋,袁艺森,李越,等.吡啶羧酸铬对生长期笼养蛋鸭免疫器官指数和抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国饲料,2014(12):34-37,40.
[26]杨建,黄艳玲,郑灿财,等.3种铬源对21日龄热应激肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官、脂肪沉积及血清生化特性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(5):41-46.
[27]陈广信,高振华,曹赞,等.吡啶羧酸铬对罗斯肉鸡屠体性能、肉品质及免疫器官指数的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(6):4-9.