新疆巴音布鲁克高寒湿地植物-土壤碳氮化学计量特征
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摘要
水分变化影响着湿地的植被类型,同样对维持湿地结构、功能和地球化学生态循环过程的碳氮平衡产生深刻影响。以新疆天山中部巴音布鲁克高寒湿地为研究对象,沿自然水分梯度,对3种水分条件下(A区水深30~50cm,B区土壤相对含水量在50%~70%;C区土壤相对含水量在25%~35%)植物-凋落物-土壤系统的总碳、总氮开展研究,探讨不同水分条件下植物-土壤中碳、氮化学计量特征。结果表明,植物在不同水分条件下对碳、氮的利用率不同。植物地上总碳、总氮含量均高于凋落物。凋落物碳氮含量随水分含量的降低逐渐增大,凋落物碳氮比值(C/N值)趋势与碳氮含量相反。在3种水分条件下共有的植物苔草,其总碳含量随水分含量的增大而降低;总氮含量与水分变化不协同,总氮含量C区最高。土壤总碳和总碳含量均表现为B区>A区>C区。随着土壤深度的增加,总碳和总氮含量均表现为逐渐降低。土壤C/N的变化为C区>B区>A区。在深度30cm以内土层,土壤总碳、总氮含量在3个水分条件之间差异显著(P<0.05)。含水量与植物碳、氮含量(P<0.01)呈负相关关系,与土壤C/N值呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与植物C/N值、土壤碳、土壤碳呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与凋落物C/N值呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。
Water content changes had a profound impact on the vegetation types,as well as on the balance of carbon and nitrogen balance which maintained the structure,function and ecological geochemical cycle in wetland.Taking the alpine wetland at Swan Lake of Bayinbuluk in the middle Tianshan Mountains as a study area,total carbon,total nitrogen in plant,litter and soil were measured under the different water contents with natural water gradient,preliminary discussion was conducted on the live plant-litter-soil system C,N stoichiometric ratios,the objectives of this study were as follows:The utilization ratio of carbon and nitrogen was different under different water conditions and the contents of total carbon and total nitrogen were higher than that of litter;The content of carbon and nitrogen in litter increased with the decrease of water content and the trend of the ratio of carbon to nitrogen(C/N)of litter was contrary to that of carbon and nitrogen;Under the condition of three kinds of water,the total carbon content of Carex plants decreased with the increase of water content;The content of total nitrogen was not coordinated with the change of water content,and the total nitrogen content was the highest in C area.The characters of total carbon and total carbon content in soil were B> A>C.With the increase of soil depth,total carbon and total nitrogen content were gradually reduced.The character of soil C/N was C>B>A.The content of total carbon and total nitrogen in 30 cm soil was significantly different(P<0.05)in the three water conditions.There was a negative correlation between water content and plant carbon and nitrogen content(P <0.01),a significant negative correlation with soil C/N ratio(P <0.05),a significant positive correlation between carbon and nitrogen ratio,soil carbon and soil carbon(P <0.01),and also a significant positive correlation with litter C/N ratio(P <0.05).
Water content changes had a profound impact on the vegetation types,as well as on the balance of carbon and nitrogen balance which maintained the structure,function and ecological geochemical cycle in wetland.Taking the alpine wetland at Swan Lake of Bayinbuluk in the middle Tianshan Mountains as a study area,total carbon,total nitrogen in plant,litter and soil were measured under the different water contents with natural water gradient,preliminary discussion was conducted on the live plant-litter-soil system C,N stoichiometric ratios,the objectives of this study were as follows:The utilization ratio of carbon and nitrogen was different under different water conditions and the contents of total carbon and total nitrogen were higher than that of litter;The content of carbon and nitrogen in litter increased with the decrease of water content and the trend of the ratio of carbon to nitrogen(C/N)of litter was contrary to that of carbon and nitrogen;Under the condition of three kinds of water,the total carbon content of Carex plants decreased with the increase of water content;The content of total nitrogen was not coordinated with the change of water content,and the total nitrogen content was the highest in C area.The characters of total carbon and total carbon content in soil were B> A>C.With the increase of soil depth,total carbon and total nitrogen content were gradually reduced.The character of soil C/N was C>B>A.The content of total carbon and total nitrogen in 30 cm soil was significantly different(P<0.05)in the three water conditions.There was a negative correlation between water content and plant carbon and nitrogen content(P <0.01),a significant negative correlation with soil C/N ratio(P <0.05),a significant positive correlation between carbon and nitrogen ratio,soil carbon and soil carbon(P <0.01),and also a significant positive correlation with litter C/N ratio(P <0.05).
引文
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[18]范燕敏,武红旗,靳瑰丽,等.封育对荒漠退化草地土壤主要养分的影响初探[J].草业科学,2011,28(8):1416-1419.
[19]栗忠飞,郭盘江,刘文胜,等.哀牢山常绿阔叶林幼树C、N、P生态化学计量特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(4):22-26.
[20]Elser J J,Sterner R W,Gorokhova E,et al.Biological stoichiometry from genes to ecosystems[J].Ecology Letter,2000,3(6):540-550.
[21]Han W X,Fang J Y,Guo D L,et al.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichimetry across 753terrestrial plant species in China[J].New Phytologist,2005,168(2):377-385.
[22]羊留冬,杨燕,王根储,等.短期增温对贡嘎山峨眉冷杉幼苗生长及其CNP化学计量特征的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(13):3668-3676.
[23]胡保安,贾宏涛,朱新萍,等.不同水分条件下巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地夏季N2O日排放特征[J].生态环境学报,2015(5):811-817.
[24]赵慧,刘伟龙,王小丹,等.对不同水分条件下藏北盐化沼泽湿地土壤碳氮的分布[J].山地学报,2014,32(4):431-437.
[25]王维奇,曾从盛,钟春棋,等.人类干扰对闽江河口湿地碳、氮、磷生态化学计量学特征的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(10):2411-2416.
[26]石福臣,李瑞利,王绍强,等.三江平原典型湿地土壤剖而有机碳及全氮分布与积累特征[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(7):1425-1431.
[27]Prescott C E,Chappell N H,Vesterdal L.Nitrongen turnover in forest floors of coastal Douglas-fir at sites differing in soil nitrogen capital[J].Ecology,2000,81:1878-1886.
[28]Li L,Zhang F W,Li Y K,et al.The soil carbon and nitrogen storage and C/N metrological characteristics of chemistry in Kobresia humilis meadow in degradation succession stages[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2012,34(3):42-47.
[2]Zheng X X,Wang R D,Jin T T,et al.Relationships between biodiversity and biomass under different regimes of grassland use in Hulunbeir,Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(11):5392-5400.
[3]Allen A P,Gillooly J F.Towards an integration of ecological stoichiometry and the metabolic theory of ecology to better understand nutrient cycling[J].Ecology Letter,2009,12(5):369-384.
[4]Ladanai S,Agren G I,Olsson B A.Relationships between tree and soil properties in Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris forests in Sweden[J].Ecosystem,2010,13(2):302-316.
[5]安娜,高乃云,刘长娥.中国湿地的退化原因、评价及保护[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(5):821-828.
[6]张娟,张海军,王立平.新疆湿地保护与管理建议[J].森林工程,2008,24(4)21-22.
[7]王维奇,王纯,曾从盛,等.闽江河口不同河段芦苇湿地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[J].生态学报,2012,32(13):4087-4093.
[8]牟晓杰,孙志高,刘兴土.黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地土壤碳、氮的空间分异特征[J].地理科学,2012,32(12):1521-1528.
[9]赵光影,刘景双,张雪萍,等.CO2浓度升高对三江平原湿地土壤碳氮含量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(2):6-9.
[10]孔范龙,郗敏,吕宪国,等.三江平原环型湿地土壤溶解性有机碳的时空变化特征[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):847-852.
[11]甘华阳,张顺之,梁开,等.北部湾北部滨海湿地水体和表层沉积物中营养元素分布与污染评价[J].湿地科学,2012,10(3):285-298.
[12]潘良浩,韦江铃,陈元松,等.茅尾海茳芏及沉积物有机碳、全氮、全磷分布特征及季节动态[J].湿地科学,2012,10(4):467-473.
[13]He J S,Fang J,Wang Z,et al.Stoichiometry and largescale patterns of leaf carbon and nitrogen in the grassland biomes of China[J].Oecologia,2006,149(1):115-122.
[14]肖烨,商丽娜,黄志刚,等.吉林东部山地沼泽湿地土壤碳氮磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征[J].地理科学,2014,34(8):994-1001.
[15]曹生奎,曹广超,陈克龙,等.青海湖高寒湿地土壤有机碳含量变化特征分析[J].土壤,2013,45(3):392-398.
[16]蔡倩倩,郭志华,胡启鹏,等.若尔盖高寒篙草草甸湿地土壤不同水分条件下土壤有机碳的垂直分布[J].林业科学,2013,49(3):9-16.
[17]牛得草,董晓玉,傅华.长芒草不同季节碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[J].草业科学,2011,28(6):915-920.
[18]范燕敏,武红旗,靳瑰丽,等.封育对荒漠退化草地土壤主要养分的影响初探[J].草业科学,2011,28(8):1416-1419.
[19]栗忠飞,郭盘江,刘文胜,等.哀牢山常绿阔叶林幼树C、N、P生态化学计量特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(4):22-26.
[20]Elser J J,Sterner R W,Gorokhova E,et al.Biological stoichiometry from genes to ecosystems[J].Ecology Letter,2000,3(6):540-550.
[21]Han W X,Fang J Y,Guo D L,et al.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichimetry across 753terrestrial plant species in China[J].New Phytologist,2005,168(2):377-385.
[22]羊留冬,杨燕,王根储,等.短期增温对贡嘎山峨眉冷杉幼苗生长及其CNP化学计量特征的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(13):3668-3676.
[23]胡保安,贾宏涛,朱新萍,等.不同水分条件下巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地夏季N2O日排放特征[J].生态环境学报,2015(5):811-817.
[24]赵慧,刘伟龙,王小丹,等.对不同水分条件下藏北盐化沼泽湿地土壤碳氮的分布[J].山地学报,2014,32(4):431-437.
[25]王维奇,曾从盛,钟春棋,等.人类干扰对闽江河口湿地碳、氮、磷生态化学计量学特征的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(10):2411-2416.
[26]石福臣,李瑞利,王绍强,等.三江平原典型湿地土壤剖而有机碳及全氮分布与积累特征[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(7):1425-1431.
[27]Prescott C E,Chappell N H,Vesterdal L.Nitrongen turnover in forest floors of coastal Douglas-fir at sites differing in soil nitrogen capital[J].Ecology,2000,81:1878-1886.
[28]Li L,Zhang F W,Li Y K,et al.The soil carbon and nitrogen storage and C/N metrological characteristics of chemistry in Kobresia humilis meadow in degradation succession stages[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2012,34(3):42-47.