冬奥会项目多维度项群构建及我国重点项群选择
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摘要
为更深刻认识不同冬奥会项目的本质属性和内在联系,提高我国参赛实力.基于项群训练理论,运用文献资料法、数理统计法等方法,构建了冬奥会项目多维度项群分类,并深入探究我国冬奥会获奖牌项群实力及重点项群的备战选择.结果显示:冬奥会项目分布于周期性速度类、混合结构速度类、耐力混合供能类、耐力有氧供能类、技能难美类、技战能轮换攻防类、技战能同场对抗类、技心能类8类多维度项群中;对我国冬奥会夺牌实力影响程度由大到小的项群为:周期性速度类>耐力混合供能类>技能难美类>耐力有氧供能类>技战能轮换攻防类;备战选择上继续保持体能主导类项群发展,特别是周期性速度类项群中短距离速度滑冰与短道速滑项目的稳定发展.将技能难美类项群中新兴项目尤其是自由式滑雪空中技巧、单板滑雪U型场地技巧、自由式滑雪U型场地作为重要突破口.
In order to have a deeper understanding of the essential attributes and internal relations of different winter Olympic events and improve the strength of China's participation. Based on the theory of item group training, this paper constructs the multidimensional item group classification of winter Olympic Games by using the methods of literature and statistics, and probes into the strength of medal item group and the selection of key item group for preparation for winter Olympic games in China. The results show that the winter Olympics events are distributed in eight multidimensional categories: periodic speed category, mixed structure speed category, endurance mixed energy supply category, endurance aerobic energy supply category, skill difficulty beauty category, technical and combat ability rotation attack and defense category, technical and combat ability field confrontation category, technical and psychological ability category. The influence degree of China's winter Olympics medal winning power is from large to small: periodic speed>endurance mixed energy supply>skill difficult beauty>endurance aerobic energy supply>skill war rotation attack and defense category; In terms of preparation and selection, the development of the physical fitness leading category will continue, especially the stable development of the short distance speed skating and short track speed skating in the periodic speed category. The new items in the category of skill difficulty and beauty, especially freestyle skiing aerial skills, snowboarding u-shaped field skills and freestyle skiing u-shaped field, are taken as the important breakthrough points.
In order to have a deeper understanding of the essential attributes and internal relations of different winter Olympic events and improve the strength of China's participation. Based on the theory of item group training, this paper constructs the multidimensional item group classification of winter Olympic Games by using the methods of literature and statistics, and probes into the strength of medal item group and the selection of key item group for preparation for winter Olympic games in China. The results show that the winter Olympics events are distributed in eight multidimensional categories: periodic speed category, mixed structure speed category, endurance mixed energy supply category, endurance aerobic energy supply category, skill difficulty beauty category, technical and combat ability rotation attack and defense category, technical and combat ability field confrontation category, technical and psychological ability category. The influence degree of China's winter Olympics medal winning power is from large to small: periodic speed>endurance mixed energy supply>skill difficult beauty>endurance aerobic energy supply>skill war rotation attack and defense category; In terms of preparation and selection, the development of the physical fitness leading category will continue, especially the stable development of the short distance speed skating and short track speed skating in the periodic speed category. The new items in the category of skill difficulty and beauty, especially freestyle skiing aerial skills, snowboarding u-shaped field skills and freestyle skiing u-shaped field, are taken as the important breakthrough points.
引文
[1] 伊诺,张伟,叶茂盛,等.冬季奥运项目发展演变与我国奥运项目选择[J].北京体育大学学报,2018,41(05):1-8.
[2] 陈亮,田麦久.多维度项群视野下的中国夏季奥运项目成绩结构与发展演变[J].中国体育科技,2011,47(03):3-11+58.
[3] 田麦久.我国运动训练学理论体系的新发展[J].北京体育大学学报,2003,26(2):145-148.
[4] 田麦久.项群训练理论的创立与科学价值[J].中国体育教练员,2016,24(03):6-9.
[5] 田麦久.运动训练学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2000:79.
[6] 马特维耶夫.体育理论与方法[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,1994:156.
[7] 李勤,肖国强.散打运动员能量供应特点生理学分析[J].体育学刊,2007(09):59-63.
[8] 刘思峰.灰色系统理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:5-6.
[9] 张东,褚跃德,何文文,等.北京奥运会不同运动项目主场优势研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2011,34(12):115-117.
[10] 朱立斌,刘丽辉.主场效应对冬奥会各比赛项目的影响[J].冰雪运动,2014,36(06):13-15.
[11] 董欣,李兴汉,曹猛.冬奥会竞技体育强国优势项目的比较研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2011,30(04):20-23.
[12] 谢亚龙.中国优势竞技项目制胜规律[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1992:1.
[13] 国际奥委会官方网站.Competition-Schedule [EB/OL].https://www.pyeongchang2018.Com/en/game-time/results/OWG2018/en/general/competition-schedule.html.
[14] Oakley B,Green M.The production of Olympic champions:international perspectives on elite sport development system[J].Eur J Sport Manag,2001,8:83-105.
[2] 陈亮,田麦久.多维度项群视野下的中国夏季奥运项目成绩结构与发展演变[J].中国体育科技,2011,47(03):3-11+58.
[3] 田麦久.我国运动训练学理论体系的新发展[J].北京体育大学学报,2003,26(2):145-148.
[4] 田麦久.项群训练理论的创立与科学价值[J].中国体育教练员,2016,24(03):6-9.
[5] 田麦久.运动训练学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2000:79.
[6] 马特维耶夫.体育理论与方法[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,1994:156.
[7] 李勤,肖国强.散打运动员能量供应特点生理学分析[J].体育学刊,2007(09):59-63.
[8] 刘思峰.灰色系统理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:5-6.
[9] 张东,褚跃德,何文文,等.北京奥运会不同运动项目主场优势研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2011,34(12):115-117.
[10] 朱立斌,刘丽辉.主场效应对冬奥会各比赛项目的影响[J].冰雪运动,2014,36(06):13-15.
[11] 董欣,李兴汉,曹猛.冬奥会竞技体育强国优势项目的比较研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2011,30(04):20-23.
[12] 谢亚龙.中国优势竞技项目制胜规律[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1992:1.
[13] 国际奥委会官方网站.Competition-Schedule [EB/OL].https://www.pyeongchang2018.Com/en/game-time/results/OWG2018/en/general/competition-schedule.html.
[14] Oakley B,Green M.The production of Olympic champions:international perspectives on elite sport development system[J].Eur J Sport Manag,2001,8:83-105.