滚动轴承稳定工况下的滚动体打滑动力学分析
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摘要
打滑是造成滚动轴承表面擦伤甚至失效的重要原因,目前滚动轴承打滑的研究主要集中在恶劣工况,而对正常稳定工况下滚动体的打滑问题关注甚少。针对正常稳定工况下滚动体的打滑问题,考虑径向游隙、保持架兜孔间隙等非线性因素,基于线性压缩弹簧建立滚动体-保持架作用模型,采用分段线性函数描述摩擦因数与滑移速度的关系,建立滚动体打滑非线性动力学模型,分析滚动体在轴承运转过程中的打滑机理及工况参数对滚动体打滑的影响机理。研究结果表明:滚动体在承载区的前段存在急加速现象,存在相对较严重的打滑;滚动体与外圈的滑动相比内圈更严重;轴承转速的增加会增大承载区前段滚动体的打滑速度;载荷增加会降低滚动体打滑程度,缩小滚动体打滑范围。
Skidding is a major contributor to the surface smearing or even failure of rolling bearings. Present research interests are mostly limited to poor operating conditions, while little attention has been paid to skidding issues under stationary conditions. To fill such a gap, a nonlinear dynamic model was established to examine rolling elements' skidding behaviors under normal stable conditions, taking into account nonlinear factors such as the radial clearance and cage pocket clearance. In the model, the interaction between the rolling elements and cage was modeled as a linear compression spring, whereas the friction coefficient and sliding velocity were depicted using piecewise linear functions. The skidding mechanism of rolling elements during running stage and the influence of working conditions were studied using the proposed dynamic model. The results show that rolling elements experience a rapid speeding-up stage as they get into the front part of loaded zone, and thus have a severe skidding. Moreover, the skidding increases with the bearing rotating speed in this period. The skidding of rolling elements on outer race is more serious than that on inner race. In addition, the load on bearings has an inverse impact on the skidding degree and the skidding areas will reduce with the load increasing.
Skidding is a major contributor to the surface smearing or even failure of rolling bearings. Present research interests are mostly limited to poor operating conditions, while little attention has been paid to skidding issues under stationary conditions. To fill such a gap, a nonlinear dynamic model was established to examine rolling elements' skidding behaviors under normal stable conditions, taking into account nonlinear factors such as the radial clearance and cage pocket clearance. In the model, the interaction between the rolling elements and cage was modeled as a linear compression spring, whereas the friction coefficient and sliding velocity were depicted using piecewise linear functions. The skidding mechanism of rolling elements during running stage and the influence of working conditions were studied using the proposed dynamic model. The results show that rolling elements experience a rapid speeding-up stage as they get into the front part of loaded zone, and thus have a severe skidding. Moreover, the skidding increases with the bearing rotating speed in this period. The skidding of rolling elements on outer race is more serious than that on inner race. In addition, the load on bearings has an inverse impact on the skidding degree and the skidding areas will reduce with the load increasing.
引文
[1]HARRIS T A.An analytical model to predict skidding in high speed roller bearings[J].ASLE Transactions,1966,9(3):229-241.
[2]胡绚,罗贵火,高德平.圆柱滚子中介轴承拟静力学分析[J].航空动力学报,2006,21(6):1069-1074.HU Xuan,LUO Guihuo,GAO Deping.Quasi-static analysis of cylindrical roller intershaft bearing[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2006,21(6):1069-1074.
[3]金海善,朱爱斌,陈渭.利用改进牛顿-拉夫逊法的高速圆柱滚子轴承打滑分析[J].西安交通大学学报,2015,49(1):1-6.JIN Haishan,ZHU Aibin,CHEN Wei.Skidding analysis of high-speed cylindrical roller bearings using improved newtonraphson method[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2015,49(1):1-6.
[4]王海同,李铁民,王立平,等.大尺寸球轴承打滑分析及其运用[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(11):41-47.WANG Haitong,LI Tiemin,WANG Liping,et al.Research and application on the skidding analysis of the large size ball bearing[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(11):41-47.
[5]苑士华,郭凯,胡纪滨.高速球轴承防滑最小轴向力研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2011,31(9):1027-1031.YUAN Shihua,GUO Kai,HU Jibin.Investigation on the minimum axial force to avoid sliding for high-speed ball bearings[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2011,31(9):1027-1031.
[6]崔立,王黎钦,郑德志,等.高速球轴承打滑的临界负荷研究[J].航空动力学报,2007,22(11):1971-1976.CUI Li,WANG Liqin,ZHEN Dezhi,et al.Study on critical load of skidding in high speed ball bearing[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2007,22(11):1971-1976.
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[8]WALTERS C T.The dynamics of ball bearings[J].Journal of Lubrication Technology,1971,93:1-10.
[9]JAIN S,HUNT H.A dynamic model to predict the occurrence of skidding in wind-turbine bearings[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Serie,2011,305(1):012027.
[10]陈渭,李军宁,张立波,等.考虑涡动工况的高速滚动轴承打滑失效分析[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(6):38-43.CHEN Wei,LI Junning,ZHANG Libo,et al.Skidding analysis of high speed rolling bearing considering whirling of bearing[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(6):38-43.
[11]LI Junning,CHEN Wei.Effects of different structure parameters on skidding of high-speed roller bearing considering bearing whirling[J].Journal of Vibroengineering,2014,16(2):748-760.
[12]韩勤锴,李峥,褚福磊.基于Euler方程的角接触球轴承打滑动力学模型[J].轴承,2015(7):1-7.HAN Qinkai,LI Zheng,CHU Fulei.Dynamic model for slippage of angular contact ball bearings based on Euler equation[J].Bearing,2015(7):1-7.
[13]HAN Qinkai,CHU Fulei.Nonlinear dynamic model for skidding behavior of angular contact ball bearings[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2015,354:219-235.
[14]韩勤锴,李兴林,闫国斌,等.变载偏斜圆柱滚子轴承打滑动力学分析[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(9):58-65.HAN Qinkai,LI Xinglin,YAN Guobin,et al.Dynamic skidding behavior of skew cylindrical roller bearing under time-variable loads[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(9):58-65.
[15]WANG Yunlong,WANG Wenzhong,ZHANG Shengguang,et al.Investigation of skidding in angular contact ball bearings under high speed[J].Tribology International,2015,92:404-417.
[16]SKF Bearings Corporation.Bearing failure and their causes[Z].SKF Product information,1997.
[17]HARRIS T A,KOTZALAS M N.Rolling bearing analysisessential concepts of bearing technology[M].5th ed.New York:Taylor and Francis,2007.
[18]GHAISAS N,WASSGREN C R,SADEGHI F.Cage instabilities in cylindrical roller bearings[J].Journal of Tribology,2004,126:681-689.
[19]肖英.齿轮箱轴承打滑损伤及预防措施[J].机械工程师,2014(2):52-55.XIAO Ying.Gear box bearing skidding damage and preventive measures[J].Mechanical Engineer,2014(2):52-55.
[2]胡绚,罗贵火,高德平.圆柱滚子中介轴承拟静力学分析[J].航空动力学报,2006,21(6):1069-1074.HU Xuan,LUO Guihuo,GAO Deping.Quasi-static analysis of cylindrical roller intershaft bearing[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2006,21(6):1069-1074.
[3]金海善,朱爱斌,陈渭.利用改进牛顿-拉夫逊法的高速圆柱滚子轴承打滑分析[J].西安交通大学学报,2015,49(1):1-6.JIN Haishan,ZHU Aibin,CHEN Wei.Skidding analysis of high-speed cylindrical roller bearings using improved newtonraphson method[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2015,49(1):1-6.
[4]王海同,李铁民,王立平,等.大尺寸球轴承打滑分析及其运用[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(11):41-47.WANG Haitong,LI Tiemin,WANG Liping,et al.Research and application on the skidding analysis of the large size ball bearing[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(11):41-47.
[5]苑士华,郭凯,胡纪滨.高速球轴承防滑最小轴向力研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2011,31(9):1027-1031.YUAN Shihua,GUO Kai,HU Jibin.Investigation on the minimum axial force to avoid sliding for high-speed ball bearings[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2011,31(9):1027-1031.
[6]崔立,王黎钦,郑德志,等.高速球轴承打滑的临界负荷研究[J].航空动力学报,2007,22(11):1971-1976.CUI Li,WANG Liqin,ZHEN Dezhi,et al.Study on critical load of skidding in high speed ball bearing[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2007,22(11):1971-1976.
[7]XU T,XU G,ZHANG Q,et al.A preload analytical method for ball bearings utilizing bearing skidding criterion[J].Tribology International,2013,67:44-50.
[8]WALTERS C T.The dynamics of ball bearings[J].Journal of Lubrication Technology,1971,93:1-10.
[9]JAIN S,HUNT H.A dynamic model to predict the occurrence of skidding in wind-turbine bearings[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Serie,2011,305(1):012027.
[10]陈渭,李军宁,张立波,等.考虑涡动工况的高速滚动轴承打滑失效分析[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(6):38-43.CHEN Wei,LI Junning,ZHANG Libo,et al.Skidding analysis of high speed rolling bearing considering whirling of bearing[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(6):38-43.
[11]LI Junning,CHEN Wei.Effects of different structure parameters on skidding of high-speed roller bearing considering bearing whirling[J].Journal of Vibroengineering,2014,16(2):748-760.
[12]韩勤锴,李峥,褚福磊.基于Euler方程的角接触球轴承打滑动力学模型[J].轴承,2015(7):1-7.HAN Qinkai,LI Zheng,CHU Fulei.Dynamic model for slippage of angular contact ball bearings based on Euler equation[J].Bearing,2015(7):1-7.
[13]HAN Qinkai,CHU Fulei.Nonlinear dynamic model for skidding behavior of angular contact ball bearings[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2015,354:219-235.
[14]韩勤锴,李兴林,闫国斌,等.变载偏斜圆柱滚子轴承打滑动力学分析[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(9):58-65.HAN Qinkai,LI Xinglin,YAN Guobin,et al.Dynamic skidding behavior of skew cylindrical roller bearing under time-variable loads[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(9):58-65.
[15]WANG Yunlong,WANG Wenzhong,ZHANG Shengguang,et al.Investigation of skidding in angular contact ball bearings under high speed[J].Tribology International,2015,92:404-417.
[16]SKF Bearings Corporation.Bearing failure and their causes[Z].SKF Product information,1997.
[17]HARRIS T A,KOTZALAS M N.Rolling bearing analysisessential concepts of bearing technology[M].5th ed.New York:Taylor and Francis,2007.
[18]GHAISAS N,WASSGREN C R,SADEGHI F.Cage instabilities in cylindrical roller bearings[J].Journal of Tribology,2004,126:681-689.
[19]肖英.齿轮箱轴承打滑损伤及预防措施[J].机械工程师,2014(2):52-55.XIAO Ying.Gear box bearing skidding damage and preventive measures[J].Mechanical Engineer,2014(2):52-55.