基于保水采煤的煤炭开采带与泉带错位规划问题
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摘要
榆神府矿区2017年原煤产量达到4.00亿t,是我国西部最重要的煤炭产区,矿区地下水资源相对贫乏,具有供水和生态双重价值的含水层为第四系萨拉乌苏组含水层和侏罗系烧变岩含水层,含水层位于煤层之上,矿区中东部、东南部煤层埋藏浅,煤炭开采对含水层扰动强烈,并造成了部分含(隔)水层结构损伤,隔水层的隔水性丧失,含水层地下水渗漏,造成地下水位下降,部分泉干涸。调查发现,目前的煤炭开采主要集中于泉密集分布的窟野河、秃尾河沿岸的北东向条带内,这一条带既是泉带,也是煤炭开采带,二者的重叠,无疑加剧了煤炭开采对泉的扰动。为了保护泉及生态环境,通过煤炭对地下水的影响机理分析,提出煤炭开采带西移东进的建议,认为西部煤炭资源埋藏深度大,煤层开采形成的导水裂隙带无法导通至第四系萨拉乌苏组含水层,东部第四系含水层富水性弱-极弱,属无水开采区。错位规划后,煤炭开采带内煤层埋藏深度适中区,普遍推广保水采煤技术;浅埋、极浅埋煤层区,推广地下水库技术,并加大水资源生态利用;对于不能推广保水采煤技术和水资源综合利用的矿井,可采取有偿异地置换的模式,根本上解决泉带破坏问题。为统筹布局泉带与煤炭经济带的错位布设,建议加大榆神矿区三、四期规划区的地下水监测密度,进一步完善区内地下水监测网。
The output of raw coal in Yu-Shen-Fu Coal Mining Area reached 400 million tons in 2017,making it the most important coal producing area in western China.The groundwater resources in mining area are relatively poor.The Quaternary Salahuasu formation aquifer and Jurassic calcined rock aquifer have both water supply and ecological value.The aquifer is located above the coal seam.The coal seams in the middle east and southeast of the mining area are buried shallow. Coal mining causes strong disturbance to the aquifer and causes damage to the structure of some water-bearing( isolated) aquifers,loss of water-bearing capacity of the aquifer,leakage of groundwater in the aquifer,resulting in the decline of groundwater level and drying up of some springs.The investigation shows that the current coal mining is mainly concentrated in the NE-trending belt along the Kuye River and the Tuwei River with dense springs.This belt is both the spring belt and the coal mining belt.The overlap of the two belts undoubtedly aggravates the disturbance of coal mining to the spring.In order to protect the spring and ecological environment,the paper puts forward the suggestion of coal mining belt should move from west to east base on the analysis the mechanism of coal effect on groundwater.It is believed that the buried depth of coal resources in Western China is so large that the water-conducting fracture zone formed by coal seam mining cannot lead to the Quaternary Salahuasu formation aquifer,while the Quaternary aquifer in the east is weak in water content and belongs to anhydrous mining area.After dislocation planning,the coal seam burial depth in the coal mining belt is moderate,and water-retaining coal mining technology is generally promoted.Underground reservoir technology will be promoted in shallow and extremely shallow coal seams areas,and ecological utilization of water resources will be increased.For the mines that cannot promote water-preserved coal mining technology and comprehensive utilization of water resources,the mode of compensated long-distance replacement can be adopted to fundamentally solve the problem of spring belt destruction.For overall arrangement spring belt and coal economic belt dislocation layout,it is suggested to increase the groundwater monitoring density of phase third and fourth planning area of Yushen mining area and further improve the groundwater monitoring network in the area.
The output of raw coal in Yu-Shen-Fu Coal Mining Area reached 400 million tons in 2017,making it the most important coal producing area in western China.The groundwater resources in mining area are relatively poor.The Quaternary Salahuasu formation aquifer and Jurassic calcined rock aquifer have both water supply and ecological value.The aquifer is located above the coal seam.The coal seams in the middle east and southeast of the mining area are buried shallow. Coal mining causes strong disturbance to the aquifer and causes damage to the structure of some water-bearing( isolated) aquifers,loss of water-bearing capacity of the aquifer,leakage of groundwater in the aquifer,resulting in the decline of groundwater level and drying up of some springs.The investigation shows that the current coal mining is mainly concentrated in the NE-trending belt along the Kuye River and the Tuwei River with dense springs.This belt is both the spring belt and the coal mining belt.The overlap of the two belts undoubtedly aggravates the disturbance of coal mining to the spring.In order to protect the spring and ecological environment,the paper puts forward the suggestion of coal mining belt should move from west to east base on the analysis the mechanism of coal effect on groundwater.It is believed that the buried depth of coal resources in Western China is so large that the water-conducting fracture zone formed by coal seam mining cannot lead to the Quaternary Salahuasu formation aquifer,while the Quaternary aquifer in the east is weak in water content and belongs to anhydrous mining area.After dislocation planning,the coal seam burial depth in the coal mining belt is moderate,and water-retaining coal mining technology is generally promoted.Underground reservoir technology will be promoted in shallow and extremely shallow coal seams areas,and ecological utilization of water resources will be increased.For the mines that cannot promote water-preserved coal mining technology and comprehensive utilization of water resources,the mode of compensated long-distance replacement can be adopted to fundamentally solve the problem of spring belt destruction.For overall arrangement spring belt and coal economic belt dislocation layout,it is suggested to increase the groundwater monitoring density of phase third and fourth planning area of Yushen mining area and further improve the groundwater monitoring network in the area.
引文
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[11]谢和平,钱鸣高,彭苏萍,等.煤炭科学产能及发展战略初探[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(6):44-50.XIE Heping,QIAN Minggao,PENG Suping,et al. Sustainable capacity of coal mining and its strategic plan[J].Engineering Sciences,2011,13(6):44-50.
[12]王双明,范立民,杨宏科.陕北煤炭资源可持续发展之开发思路[J].中国煤田地质,2003,15(5):6-8,11.WANG Shuangming, YANG Hongke. Some thoughts on sustainable development of Northen Shaanxi coal Resources[J].Coal Geology of China,2003,15(5):6-8,11.
[13]彭捷,李成,向茂西,等.榆神府区采动对潜水含水层的影响及其环境效应[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(2):156-163.PENG Jie,LI Cheng,XIANG Maoxi,et al. Influence of coal mining on phreatic aquifer and its environmental effects in YulinShenmu-Fugu Area[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(2):156-163.
[14]范立民,贺卫中,彭捷,等.高强度采煤对烧变岩泉的影响[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(7):127-131.FAN Limin,HE Weizhong,PENG Jie,et al.The influence of highintensity coal mining on burnt rock spring[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(7):127-131.
[15]向茂西,彭捷,仵拨云,等.高强度采煤对窟野河水系的影响[J].煤炭技术,2017,36(2):93-95.XIANG Maoxi, PENG Jie, WU Boyun,et al. Influence of intensive coal mining on kuye river s ystem[J].Coal Technology,2017,36(2):93-95.
[16] FAN Limin,LI Tao,XIANG Maoxi,et al.Effect of coal mining on springs in Yushenfu Mining Area of China[J]. Geofluds,2018,Article ID 3564360,16pages.
[17]顾大钊.煤矿地下水库理论框架和技术体系[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):239-246.GU Dazhao. Theory framework and technological system of coal mine underground reservoir[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):239-246.
[18]范立民.论西北大型煤炭基地的地下水监测工程问题[J].中国煤炭地质,2018,30(6):87-91.FAN Limin.On Northwest China large coal bases groundwater monitoring engineering issues[J]. Coal Geology of China,2018,30(6):87-91.
[19]马雄德.毛乌素沙地裸土蒸发的动力学过程[D].西安:长安大学,2018.
[2]钱鸣高.绿色开采的概念和技术体系[J].煤炭科技,2003,(4):1-3.QIAN Minggao. Technological system and green mining concept[J].Coal science&technology magazine,2003,(4):343-348.
[3]钱鸣高,许家林,王家臣.再论煤炭的科学开采[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):1-13.QIAN Minggao,XU Jialin,WANG Jiachen. Further on the sustainable mining of coal[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):1-13.
[4]彭苏萍,张博,王佟,等.煤炭资源与水资源[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[5]王双明,黄庆享,范立民,等.生态脆弱矿区含(隔)水层特征及保水开采分区研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):7-14.WANG Shuangming,HUANG Qingxiang,FAN Limin,et al. Study on overburden aquclude and water protection mining regionazation in the ecological fragile mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):7-14.
[6]范立民,马雄德,冀瑞君.西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤研究与实践进展[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1711-1717.FAN Limin,MA Xiongde,JI Ruijun.The Progress of research and engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western ecoenvironment frangible area[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1711-1717.
[7] FAN Limin,MA Xiongde.A review on investigation of water-preserved coal mining in western China[J]. International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2018,5(4):411-416.
[8]范立民.保水采煤的科学内涵[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):27-35.FAN Limin.On the water-preserved mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):27-35.
[9] FAN Limin,MA Liqiang,YU Yihe,et al. Water-conserving mining inuencing factors identication and weight determination in northwest China[J]. International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2019,doi.org/10.1007/s40789-018-0233-2.
[10]马雄德,范立民,张晓团,等.榆神府矿区水体湿地演化驱动力分析[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):1126-1133.MA Xiongde,FAN Limin,ZHANG Xiaotuan,et al.Driving force analysis for water and wetlands evolution at Yushenfu mining area[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):1126-1133.
[11]谢和平,钱鸣高,彭苏萍,等.煤炭科学产能及发展战略初探[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(6):44-50.XIE Heping,QIAN Minggao,PENG Suping,et al. Sustainable capacity of coal mining and its strategic plan[J].Engineering Sciences,2011,13(6):44-50.
[12]王双明,范立民,杨宏科.陕北煤炭资源可持续发展之开发思路[J].中国煤田地质,2003,15(5):6-8,11.WANG Shuangming, YANG Hongke. Some thoughts on sustainable development of Northen Shaanxi coal Resources[J].Coal Geology of China,2003,15(5):6-8,11.
[13]彭捷,李成,向茂西,等.榆神府区采动对潜水含水层的影响及其环境效应[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(2):156-163.PENG Jie,LI Cheng,XIANG Maoxi,et al. Influence of coal mining on phreatic aquifer and its environmental effects in YulinShenmu-Fugu Area[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(2):156-163.
[14]范立民,贺卫中,彭捷,等.高强度采煤对烧变岩泉的影响[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(7):127-131.FAN Limin,HE Weizhong,PENG Jie,et al.The influence of highintensity coal mining on burnt rock spring[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(7):127-131.
[15]向茂西,彭捷,仵拨云,等.高强度采煤对窟野河水系的影响[J].煤炭技术,2017,36(2):93-95.XIANG Maoxi, PENG Jie, WU Boyun,et al. Influence of intensive coal mining on kuye river s ystem[J].Coal Technology,2017,36(2):93-95.
[16] FAN Limin,LI Tao,XIANG Maoxi,et al.Effect of coal mining on springs in Yushenfu Mining Area of China[J]. Geofluds,2018,Article ID 3564360,16pages.
[17]顾大钊.煤矿地下水库理论框架和技术体系[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):239-246.GU Dazhao. Theory framework and technological system of coal mine underground reservoir[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):239-246.
[18]范立民.论西北大型煤炭基地的地下水监测工程问题[J].中国煤炭地质,2018,30(6):87-91.FAN Limin.On Northwest China large coal bases groundwater monitoring engineering issues[J]. Coal Geology of China,2018,30(6):87-91.
[19]马雄德.毛乌素沙地裸土蒸发的动力学过程[D].西安:长安大学,2018.