日光温室聚苯乙烯型砖复合墙保温蓄热性能
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摘要
为研究聚苯乙烯型砖复合墙的保温蓄热特性,对聚苯乙烯型砖复合墙日光温室的室内外气温,后墙表面太阳辐射照度及其内部温度进行了测试分析。聚苯乙烯型砖复合墙由24 cm填充混凝土聚苯乙烯型砖、45 cm填土和5 cm混凝土板复合而成。测试结果表明,聚苯乙烯型砖复合墙内表面温度在阴天和晴天保温被闭合期间分别较室内气温高(2.5±0.2)℃和(5.4±1.4)℃。该墙体在阴天和晴天的放热区域分别为17 cm和30 cm,低于填土与混凝土板的厚度。填充混凝土聚苯乙烯型砖的热阻达到了2.93 m2 K/W,是当地日光温室后墙低限热阻的2倍。该结果表明聚苯乙烯型砖复合墙填土厚度及聚苯乙烯型砖热阻可满足墙体放热及保温的需求。另外,模拟结果表明,在同等室内外气温和墙体内表面太阳辐射的条件下,聚苯乙烯型砖复合墙在晴天和阴天保温被闭合期间的内表面温度与黏土砖夹心墙(24 cm黏土砖+10 cm聚苯板+24 cm黏土砖)相近。因此,聚苯乙烯型砖复合墙体保温蓄热性能良好,可用于取代黏土砖夹心墙。
In this study, a polystyrene-brick composite wall, which is composited with the polystyrene-brick filled with concrete, soil and concrete board, was developed to be the north wall of the Chinese solar greenhouse(hereafter referred to as"solar greenhouse"). The purpose of this study is to investigate the heat insulation and storage performances of the polystyrene-brick composite wall and to analyze the feasibility of substituting for the clay-brick sandwich wall. The tested solar greenhouse was located in Yongqing county, Langfang city, Hebei province(116°35′ E, 39°18′ N). It was 80 m long and10 m wide. The north wall was the polystyrene-brick composite wall composited with 24 cm polystyrene-brick filled with concrete, 45 cm soil and 5 cm concrete board in the direction from exterior to interior. The polystyrene-brick, which was made with polystyrene, was 24 cm wide with a 12 cm-wide cavity. The test period was from Dec. 20, 2013 to Jan. 30, 2014. During the period, the tested solar greenhouse was used to growing zucchini and employed drop irrigation. The heat insulation sheet was rolled up and down at 8:00 and 16:30, respectively. The wind vent would be open if the indoor air temperature was high during daytime. The indoor and outdoor air temperatures, solar irradiating on the inner surface of the wall, the inner surface temperature and soil temperature in the wall were measured. The data collected in a typical cloudy day(from Dec. 25, 2013,8:00 to Dec. 26, 2013, 8:00) and a typical sunny day(from Dec. 28, 2013 8:00 to Dec. 29, 2013, 8:00) were used to analyze the heat performances of the polystyrene-brick wall. Then, the inner surface temperature of a clay-brick sandwich wall, which was composited with 24 cm clay-brick, 10 cm polystyrene board and 24 cm clay-brick, was simulated with one-dimension differential model to analyze the feasibility of substituting for the clay-brick sandwich wall. During the period when the solar greenhouse was covered with heat insulation sheet, the inner surface temperature of the polystyrene-brick composite wall was(2.5±0.2)℃ and(5.4±1.4)℃ higher than the indoor air temperature in the cloudy day and the sunny day, respectively. It is indicated that the heat released by the wall into the solar greenhouse during the nighttime of the sunny day was 2.1 times than that during the nighttime of the cloudy day. As a result, the indoor air temperatures in the nights of cloudy day and sunny day could be maintained at(9.8 ±1.1)℃ and(13.0 ±2.1)℃, which were(15.1 ±2.0)℃ and(22.6 ±1.1)℃ than the outdoor air temperature, respectively. The results meant that the solar greenhouse can meet the requirement of most crops. According to the simulated and measured results, the differences in the inner surface temperature between the clay-brick sandwich wall and the polystyrene-brick composite wall were less than 0.3 ℃. On the other hand, the heat release region of the polystyrenebrick composite wall in the cloudy day and sunny day was 17 cm and 33 cm, respectively, and both were smaller than the thickness of soil and concrete board. It is indicated that the thickness of soil and concrete was large enough for storing heat in the daytime. Besides, the heat resistance of the polystyrene-brick filled with concrete was estimated as 2.93 m2K/W. It was two times of the lowest heat resistance of the wall in local solar greenhouse. Thus the heat resistance of the polystyrene-brick composite wall was large enough to prevent heat in the soil from flowing to the outside. Finally, it is concluded that the polystyrene-brick composite wall is feasible to be the north wall of the solar greenhouse and feasible to substitute the polystyrene-brick composite wall for the clay-brick composite wall.
In this study, a polystyrene-brick composite wall, which is composited with the polystyrene-brick filled with concrete, soil and concrete board, was developed to be the north wall of the Chinese solar greenhouse(hereafter referred to as"solar greenhouse"). The purpose of this study is to investigate the heat insulation and storage performances of the polystyrene-brick composite wall and to analyze the feasibility of substituting for the clay-brick sandwich wall. The tested solar greenhouse was located in Yongqing county, Langfang city, Hebei province(116°35′ E, 39°18′ N). It was 80 m long and10 m wide. The north wall was the polystyrene-brick composite wall composited with 24 cm polystyrene-brick filled with concrete, 45 cm soil and 5 cm concrete board in the direction from exterior to interior. The polystyrene-brick, which was made with polystyrene, was 24 cm wide with a 12 cm-wide cavity. The test period was from Dec. 20, 2013 to Jan. 30, 2014. During the period, the tested solar greenhouse was used to growing zucchini and employed drop irrigation. The heat insulation sheet was rolled up and down at 8:00 and 16:30, respectively. The wind vent would be open if the indoor air temperature was high during daytime. The indoor and outdoor air temperatures, solar irradiating on the inner surface of the wall, the inner surface temperature and soil temperature in the wall were measured. The data collected in a typical cloudy day(from Dec. 25, 2013,8:00 to Dec. 26, 2013, 8:00) and a typical sunny day(from Dec. 28, 2013 8:00 to Dec. 29, 2013, 8:00) were used to analyze the heat performances of the polystyrene-brick wall. Then, the inner surface temperature of a clay-brick sandwich wall, which was composited with 24 cm clay-brick, 10 cm polystyrene board and 24 cm clay-brick, was simulated with one-dimension differential model to analyze the feasibility of substituting for the clay-brick sandwich wall. During the period when the solar greenhouse was covered with heat insulation sheet, the inner surface temperature of the polystyrene-brick composite wall was(2.5±0.2)℃ and(5.4±1.4)℃ higher than the indoor air temperature in the cloudy day and the sunny day, respectively. It is indicated that the heat released by the wall into the solar greenhouse during the nighttime of the sunny day was 2.1 times than that during the nighttime of the cloudy day. As a result, the indoor air temperatures in the nights of cloudy day and sunny day could be maintained at(9.8 ±1.1)℃ and(13.0 ±2.1)℃, which were(15.1 ±2.0)℃ and(22.6 ±1.1)℃ than the outdoor air temperature, respectively. The results meant that the solar greenhouse can meet the requirement of most crops. According to the simulated and measured results, the differences in the inner surface temperature between the clay-brick sandwich wall and the polystyrene-brick composite wall were less than 0.3 ℃. On the other hand, the heat release region of the polystyrenebrick composite wall in the cloudy day and sunny day was 17 cm and 33 cm, respectively, and both were smaller than the thickness of soil and concrete board. It is indicated that the thickness of soil and concrete was large enough for storing heat in the daytime. Besides, the heat resistance of the polystyrene-brick filled with concrete was estimated as 2.93 m2K/W. It was two times of the lowest heat resistance of the wall in local solar greenhouse. Thus the heat resistance of the polystyrene-brick composite wall was large enough to prevent heat in the soil from flowing to the outside. Finally, it is concluded that the polystyrene-brick composite wall is feasible to be the north wall of the solar greenhouse and feasible to substitute the polystyrene-brick composite wall for the clay-brick composite wall.
引文
[1]马承伟,卜云龙,籍秀红,等.日光温室墙体夜间放热量计算与保温蓄热性评价方法的研究[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2008,26(5):411-415.Ma Chenwei,Bu Yunlong,Ji Xiuhong,et al.Method for calculation of heat release at night and evaluation for performance of heat Preservation of wall in solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University:Agriculture Sciences,2008,26(5):411-415.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]Yamaguchi T,Kuroyanagi T,Chen Q.Studies on thermal environment of the sunlight greenhouse(Part 1):Basic experiment to analyze thermal environment of the sunlight greenhouse[J].Journal of Society of High Technology in Agriculture,2003,34(1):31-37.
[3]温祥珍,李亚灵.日光温室砖混结构墙体内冬春季温度状况[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,29(6):525-528.Wen Xiangzhen,Li Yaling.Analysis of temperature within north composite wall of solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Sciences Edition,2009,29(6):525-528.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]李建设,白青,张亚红.日光温室墙体与地面吸放热量测定分析[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(4):231-236.
Li Jianshe,Bai Qing,Zhang Yahong.Analysis on measurement of heat absorption and release of wall and ground in solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(4):231-236.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]马承伟,徐凡,赵淑梅,等.日光温室热环境分析及设计方法[C]//杨其长.第二届中国·寿光国际设施园艺高层学术论坛论文集.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2011:70-79.
[6]陈青云.日光温室的实践与理论[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2008,26(5):343-447.Chen Qingyun.Progress of practice and theory in sunlight greenhouse[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University:Agriculture Sciences,2008,26(5):343-447.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]王华民,杨孟,葛同江.日光温室墙体机械干打垒技术[J].农业科技,2009(1):12.
[8]刘建,周长吉.日光温室结构优化的研究进展与发展方向[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2007,28(3):264-268.Liu Jian,Zhou Changji.The present and development of sunlight greenhouse structure optimization[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2007,28(3):264-268.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]张纪涛,林琭,闫万丽,等.山西省日光温室结构问题的调查研究[J].中国蔬菜,2013(4):90-94.Zhang Jitao,Lin Lu,Yan Wanli,et al.Investigation of the solar greenhouse structures in Shanxi Province[J].Chinese Vegetables,2013(4):90-94.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]陈端生,郑海山,刘步洲.日光温室气象环境综合研究:I.墙体,覆盖物热效应研究初报[J].农业工程学报,1990,6(2):77-81.Chen Duansheng,Zheng Hanshan,Liu Buzhou.Comprehensive study on the meteorological environment of the sunlight greenhouse-I:preliminary study on the thermal effect of the wall body and covering materials[J].Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),1990,6(2):77-81.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]蒋程瑶,程燕飞,徐文勇,等.山东省日光温室建设使用情况调查[J].农机化研究,2011(7):28-33.Jiang Chenyao,Chen Yanfei,Xu Wenyong,et al.Investigation of the construction and operation of solar greenhouse in Shandong province[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011(7):28-33.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]丁小明,周长吉,魏晓明.下沉式机打土墙结构的日光温室性能与适应性分析[C]//杨其长,KOZAI T,BOT J P A.设施园艺创新与进展—2011第二届中国·寿光国际设施园艺高层学术论坛论文集.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2011:100-107.
[13]柴立龙,马承伟,籍秀红,等.北京地区日光温室节能材料使用现状及性能分析[J].农机化研究,2007(8):17-21.Chai Lilong,Ma Chenwei,Ji Xiuhong,et al.Present situation and the performance analysis of the energy-saving material in solar greenhouse of beijing region[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2007(8):17-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]佟国红,白义奎,赵荣飞,等.日光温室复合墙与土墙热性能对比分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2011,42(6):718-722.Tong Guohong,Bai Yikui,Zhao Rongfei,et al.Thermal property investigations for layered walls and earth ealls in Chinese solar greenhouses[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural university,2011,42(6):718-722.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]周长吉.日光温室墙体“变形记”[N].中国花卉报,2013-02-03(004).
[16]马承伟,陆海,李睿,等.日光温室墙体传热的一维差分模型与数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):231-237.Ma Chengwei,Lu Hai,Li Rui,et al.One-dimensional finite difference model and numerical simulation for heat transfer of wall in Chinese solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(6):231-237.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]GB50716-1993,民用建筑热工设计规范[S].
[18]白义奎,王铁良,姜传军,等.外墙聚苯板复合墙体在日光温室中的应用[J].建筑节能,2002,30(1):27-29.
[19]张泽平,李珠,董彦莉.建筑保温节能墙体的发展现状与展望[J].工程力学,2007,24(增刊II):121-128.Zhang Zeping,Li Zhu,Dong Yanli.Development and prospects of heat preserving and energy conservation wall system buildings[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(Supp.II):121-128.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]管勇,陈超,马彩雯,等.日光温室墙体保温层最佳厚度的确定[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(3):542-550.Guan Yong,Chen Chao,Ma Caiwen.Determination of optimum insulation thickness for solar greenhouse wall[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Science,2015,52(3):542-550.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]周长吉.日光温室热工设计原则[J].农村实用工程技术,1994(5):9.
[2]Yamaguchi T,Kuroyanagi T,Chen Q.Studies on thermal environment of the sunlight greenhouse(Part 1):Basic experiment to analyze thermal environment of the sunlight greenhouse[J].Journal of Society of High Technology in Agriculture,2003,34(1):31-37.
[3]温祥珍,李亚灵.日光温室砖混结构墙体内冬春季温度状况[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,29(6):525-528.Wen Xiangzhen,Li Yaling.Analysis of temperature within north composite wall of solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Sciences Edition,2009,29(6):525-528.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]李建设,白青,张亚红.日光温室墙体与地面吸放热量测定分析[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(4):231-236.
Li Jianshe,Bai Qing,Zhang Yahong.Analysis on measurement of heat absorption and release of wall and ground in solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(4):231-236.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]马承伟,徐凡,赵淑梅,等.日光温室热环境分析及设计方法[C]//杨其长.第二届中国·寿光国际设施园艺高层学术论坛论文集.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2011:70-79.
[6]陈青云.日光温室的实践与理论[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2008,26(5):343-447.Chen Qingyun.Progress of practice and theory in sunlight greenhouse[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University:Agriculture Sciences,2008,26(5):343-447.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]王华民,杨孟,葛同江.日光温室墙体机械干打垒技术[J].农业科技,2009(1):12.
[8]刘建,周长吉.日光温室结构优化的研究进展与发展方向[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2007,28(3):264-268.Liu Jian,Zhou Changji.The present and development of sunlight greenhouse structure optimization[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2007,28(3):264-268.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]张纪涛,林琭,闫万丽,等.山西省日光温室结构问题的调查研究[J].中国蔬菜,2013(4):90-94.Zhang Jitao,Lin Lu,Yan Wanli,et al.Investigation of the solar greenhouse structures in Shanxi Province[J].Chinese Vegetables,2013(4):90-94.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]陈端生,郑海山,刘步洲.日光温室气象环境综合研究:I.墙体,覆盖物热效应研究初报[J].农业工程学报,1990,6(2):77-81.Chen Duansheng,Zheng Hanshan,Liu Buzhou.Comprehensive study on the meteorological environment of the sunlight greenhouse-I:preliminary study on the thermal effect of the wall body and covering materials[J].Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),1990,6(2):77-81.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]蒋程瑶,程燕飞,徐文勇,等.山东省日光温室建设使用情况调查[J].农机化研究,2011(7):28-33.Jiang Chenyao,Chen Yanfei,Xu Wenyong,et al.Investigation of the construction and operation of solar greenhouse in Shandong province[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011(7):28-33.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]丁小明,周长吉,魏晓明.下沉式机打土墙结构的日光温室性能与适应性分析[C]//杨其长,KOZAI T,BOT J P A.设施园艺创新与进展—2011第二届中国·寿光国际设施园艺高层学术论坛论文集.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2011:100-107.
[13]柴立龙,马承伟,籍秀红,等.北京地区日光温室节能材料使用现状及性能分析[J].农机化研究,2007(8):17-21.Chai Lilong,Ma Chenwei,Ji Xiuhong,et al.Present situation and the performance analysis of the energy-saving material in solar greenhouse of beijing region[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2007(8):17-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]佟国红,白义奎,赵荣飞,等.日光温室复合墙与土墙热性能对比分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2011,42(6):718-722.Tong Guohong,Bai Yikui,Zhao Rongfei,et al.Thermal property investigations for layered walls and earth ealls in Chinese solar greenhouses[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural university,2011,42(6):718-722.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]周长吉.日光温室墙体“变形记”[N].中国花卉报,2013-02-03(004).
[16]马承伟,陆海,李睿,等.日光温室墙体传热的一维差分模型与数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):231-237.Ma Chengwei,Lu Hai,Li Rui,et al.One-dimensional finite difference model and numerical simulation for heat transfer of wall in Chinese solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(6):231-237.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]GB50716-1993,民用建筑热工设计规范[S].
[18]白义奎,王铁良,姜传军,等.外墙聚苯板复合墙体在日光温室中的应用[J].建筑节能,2002,30(1):27-29.
[19]张泽平,李珠,董彦莉.建筑保温节能墙体的发展现状与展望[J].工程力学,2007,24(增刊II):121-128.Zhang Zeping,Li Zhu,Dong Yanli.Development and prospects of heat preserving and energy conservation wall system buildings[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(Supp.II):121-128.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]管勇,陈超,马彩雯,等.日光温室墙体保温层最佳厚度的确定[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(3):542-550.Guan Yong,Chen Chao,Ma Caiwen.Determination of optimum insulation thickness for solar greenhouse wall[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Science,2015,52(3):542-550.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]周长吉.日光温室热工设计原则[J].农村实用工程技术,1994(5):9.