电池柔性成组储能系统故障冗余控制策略
|
摘要
近些年来,基于柔性成组技术的电池柔性成组储能系统因其输出谐波小、模块化程度高、电池容量利用率高,在新能源发电领域得到广泛关注;与此同时,由于储能系统功率等级高,模块间荷电状态不均衡,系统故障概率相应增大,故障情况复杂。该文提出3种适用于不同故障情况的冗余控制策略,通过故障后改变基波相角或注入3次谐波的方式重构三相调制波,维持故障后系统正常工作,提高了电池利用率,避免直接停机带来的容量损失。对所提出的3种故障冗余控制策略进行比较,得出特定故障情况下的最佳控制策略,最大程度提高故障后系统能量利用率。最后通过仿真模型和10kW样机平台验证了所提出理论的正确性和有效性。
Recently the flexible group battery energy storage system(FGBESS) has provoked much attention in renewable energy power generation area because of its particular advantages such as low output harmonics, high modularity and high battery capacity utilization. However,owing to high power rating and state of charge(SoC) inconsistency of batteries, the probability and complexity of fault conditions increase correspondingly. In this paper, three fault-tolerant control strategies were proposed for different fault situations. The three-phase modulating signals were modified by shifting the fundamental phase angle or injecting the third harmonic to keep the system working continuously after the fault, improving the battery utilization and minimizing the loss of capacity caused by the direct shutdown. Comparison of the proposed strategies was illustrated specifically and the optimal solution was elaborated under each fault condition.Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed methods were verified by the simulation model and the 10kW experimental platform.
Recently the flexible group battery energy storage system(FGBESS) has provoked much attention in renewable energy power generation area because of its particular advantages such as low output harmonics, high modularity and high battery capacity utilization. However,owing to high power rating and state of charge(SoC) inconsistency of batteries, the probability and complexity of fault conditions increase correspondingly. In this paper, three fault-tolerant control strategies were proposed for different fault situations. The three-phase modulating signals were modified by shifting the fundamental phase angle or injecting the third harmonic to keep the system working continuously after the fault, improving the battery utilization and minimizing the loss of capacity caused by the direct shutdown. Comparison of the proposed strategies was illustrated specifically and the optimal solution was elaborated under each fault condition.Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed methods were verified by the simulation model and the 10kW experimental platform.
引文
[1]Chauhan A,Saini R P.A review on integrated renewable energy system based power generation for stand-alone applications:configurations,storage options,sizing methodologies and control[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,38:99-120.
[2]李楠,高峰.电池储能型模块化多电平变换器的混合模型预测控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(14):165-174.Li Nan,Gao Feng.A hybrid model predictive control method for modular multilevel converter of battery energy storage system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(14):165-174(in Chinese).
[3]Zakeri B,Syri S.Electrical energy storage systems:a comparative life cycle cost analysis[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,42:569-596.
[4]Zhao Haoran,Wu Qiuwei,Hu Shuju,et al.Review of energy storage system for wind power integration support[J].Applied Energy,2015,137:545-553.
[5]Chatzinikolaou E,Rogers D J.Cell SoC balancing using a cascaded full-bridge multilevel converter in battery energy storage systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(9):5394-5402.
[6]Zheng Zedong,Wang Kui,Xu Lie,et al.A hybrid cascaded multilevel converter for battery energy management applied in electric vehicles[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(7):3537-3546.
[7]赵宇.基于电池柔性成组技术的储能变流器研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016.Zhao Yu.Research on energy storage converter based on flexible battery group technology[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2016(in Chinese).
[8]Zhang Wenping,Xu Dehong,Enjeti P N,et al.Survey on fault-tolerant techniques for power electronic converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(12):6319-6331.
[9]马泽宇,姜久春,文锋,等.用于储能系统的梯次利用锂电池组均衡策略设计[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(3):106-111,117.Ma Zeyu,Jiang Jiuchun,Wen Feng,et al.Design of equilibrium strategy of echelon use Li-ion battery pack for energy storage system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(3):106-111,117(in Chinese).
[10]Moamaei P,Mahmoudi H,Ahmadi R.Fault-tolerant operation of cascaded h-bridge inverters using one redundant cell[C]//Proceedings of 2015 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois.Champaign,IL,USA:IEEE,2015.
[11]Kandasam K,Vilathgamuwa M,Tseng K J.Inter-module state-of-charge balancing and fault-tolerant operation of cascaded H-bridge converter using multi-dimensional modulation for electric vehicle application[J].IET Power Electron,2015,8(10):1912-1919.
[12]Sanz I,Bueno E J,Moranchel M,et al.Analytical fault-tolerant method for cascaded H-bridge converters[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation System.Aachen,Germany:IEEE,2015.
[13]Maharjan L,Yamagishi T,Akagi H,et al.Fault-tolerant operation of a battery-energy-storage system based on a multilevel cascade PWM converter with star configuration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(9):2386-2396.
[14]徐帅,张建忠.多电平电压源型逆变器的容错技术综述[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(21):39-50.Xu Shuai,Zhang Jianzhong.Overview of fault-tolerant techniques for multilevel voltage source inverters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(21):39-50(in Chinese).
[15]Lezana P,Ortiz G,Rodriguez J.Operation of regenerative cascade multicell converter under fault condition[C]//Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics.Zurich,Switzerland:IEEE,2008.
[16]Chavarria J,Biel D,Guinjoan F,et al.Energy-balance control of PV cascaded multilevel grid-connected inverters under level-shifted and phase-shifted PWMs[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(1):98-111.
[17]Wang Tianzhen,Xu Hao,Han Jingang,et al.Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter system fault diagnosis using a PCA and multiclass relevance vector machine approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(12):7006-7018.
[18]Wang Tianzhen,Qi Jie,Xu Hao,et al.Fault diagnosis method based on FFT-RPCA-SVM for CascadedMultilevel Inverter[J].ISA Transactions,2016,60:156-163.
[19]Deng Fujin,Chen Zhe,Khan M R,et al.Fault detection and localization method for modular multilevel converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(5):2721-2732.
[20]Aleenejad M,Mahmoudi H,Ahmadi R.A fault-tolerant strategy based on fundamental phase-shift compensation for three-phase multilevel converters with quasi-Z-source networks with discontinuous input current[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(11):7480-7488.
[21]李爽,王志新,吴杰.采用基频零序分量注入的MMC换流器故障容错控制研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(17):1-7.Li Shuang,Wang Zhixin,Wu Jie.Study on fault-tolerant operation control strategy of modular multilevel converters injected with fundamental-frequency zerosequence voltage component[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(17):1-7(in Chinese).
[22]Sanz I,Bueno E J,Moranchel M,et al.Analytical fault-tolerant method for cascaded H-bridge converters[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems.Aachen,Germany:IEEE,2015.
[23]Abdel-Khalik A S,Masoud M I,Williams B W.Improved flux pattern with third harmonic injection for multiphase induction machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(3):1563-1578.
[24]Palanivel P,Dash S S.Analysis of THD and output voltage performance for cascaded multilevel inverter using carrier pulse width modulation techniques[J].IETPower Electronics,2011,4(8):951-958.
[25]Yu Yifan,Konstantinou G,Hredzak B,et al.Power balance of cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters for large-scale photovoltaic integration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(1):292-303.
[2]李楠,高峰.电池储能型模块化多电平变换器的混合模型预测控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(14):165-174.Li Nan,Gao Feng.A hybrid model predictive control method for modular multilevel converter of battery energy storage system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(14):165-174(in Chinese).
[3]Zakeri B,Syri S.Electrical energy storage systems:a comparative life cycle cost analysis[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,42:569-596.
[4]Zhao Haoran,Wu Qiuwei,Hu Shuju,et al.Review of energy storage system for wind power integration support[J].Applied Energy,2015,137:545-553.
[5]Chatzinikolaou E,Rogers D J.Cell SoC balancing using a cascaded full-bridge multilevel converter in battery energy storage systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(9):5394-5402.
[6]Zheng Zedong,Wang Kui,Xu Lie,et al.A hybrid cascaded multilevel converter for battery energy management applied in electric vehicles[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(7):3537-3546.
[7]赵宇.基于电池柔性成组技术的储能变流器研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016.Zhao Yu.Research on energy storage converter based on flexible battery group technology[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2016(in Chinese).
[8]Zhang Wenping,Xu Dehong,Enjeti P N,et al.Survey on fault-tolerant techniques for power electronic converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(12):6319-6331.
[9]马泽宇,姜久春,文锋,等.用于储能系统的梯次利用锂电池组均衡策略设计[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(3):106-111,117.Ma Zeyu,Jiang Jiuchun,Wen Feng,et al.Design of equilibrium strategy of echelon use Li-ion battery pack for energy storage system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(3):106-111,117(in Chinese).
[10]Moamaei P,Mahmoudi H,Ahmadi R.Fault-tolerant operation of cascaded h-bridge inverters using one redundant cell[C]//Proceedings of 2015 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois.Champaign,IL,USA:IEEE,2015.
[11]Kandasam K,Vilathgamuwa M,Tseng K J.Inter-module state-of-charge balancing and fault-tolerant operation of cascaded H-bridge converter using multi-dimensional modulation for electric vehicle application[J].IET Power Electron,2015,8(10):1912-1919.
[12]Sanz I,Bueno E J,Moranchel M,et al.Analytical fault-tolerant method for cascaded H-bridge converters[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation System.Aachen,Germany:IEEE,2015.
[13]Maharjan L,Yamagishi T,Akagi H,et al.Fault-tolerant operation of a battery-energy-storage system based on a multilevel cascade PWM converter with star configuration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(9):2386-2396.
[14]徐帅,张建忠.多电平电压源型逆变器的容错技术综述[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(21):39-50.Xu Shuai,Zhang Jianzhong.Overview of fault-tolerant techniques for multilevel voltage source inverters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(21):39-50(in Chinese).
[15]Lezana P,Ortiz G,Rodriguez J.Operation of regenerative cascade multicell converter under fault condition[C]//Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics.Zurich,Switzerland:IEEE,2008.
[16]Chavarria J,Biel D,Guinjoan F,et al.Energy-balance control of PV cascaded multilevel grid-connected inverters under level-shifted and phase-shifted PWMs[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(1):98-111.
[17]Wang Tianzhen,Xu Hao,Han Jingang,et al.Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter system fault diagnosis using a PCA and multiclass relevance vector machine approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(12):7006-7018.
[18]Wang Tianzhen,Qi Jie,Xu Hao,et al.Fault diagnosis method based on FFT-RPCA-SVM for CascadedMultilevel Inverter[J].ISA Transactions,2016,60:156-163.
[19]Deng Fujin,Chen Zhe,Khan M R,et al.Fault detection and localization method for modular multilevel converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(5):2721-2732.
[20]Aleenejad M,Mahmoudi H,Ahmadi R.A fault-tolerant strategy based on fundamental phase-shift compensation for three-phase multilevel converters with quasi-Z-source networks with discontinuous input current[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(11):7480-7488.
[21]李爽,王志新,吴杰.采用基频零序分量注入的MMC换流器故障容错控制研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(17):1-7.Li Shuang,Wang Zhixin,Wu Jie.Study on fault-tolerant operation control strategy of modular multilevel converters injected with fundamental-frequency zerosequence voltage component[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(17):1-7(in Chinese).
[22]Sanz I,Bueno E J,Moranchel M,et al.Analytical fault-tolerant method for cascaded H-bridge converters[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems.Aachen,Germany:IEEE,2015.
[23]Abdel-Khalik A S,Masoud M I,Williams B W.Improved flux pattern with third harmonic injection for multiphase induction machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(3):1563-1578.
[24]Palanivel P,Dash S S.Analysis of THD and output voltage performance for cascaded multilevel inverter using carrier pulse width modulation techniques[J].IETPower Electronics,2011,4(8):951-958.
[25]Yu Yifan,Konstantinou G,Hredzak B,et al.Power balance of cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters for large-scale photovoltaic integration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(1):292-303.