一次性施肥稻田田面水氮素变化特征和流失风险评估
|
摘要
为评估单季稻一次性施肥模式中氮素径流损失风险,通过田间试验研究了一次性施肥模式中缓释氮肥类型、施用比例和氮肥施用量对田面水氮素含量的影响。结果表明:与尿素分次施肥处理(225 kg N·hm-2)相比,不同缓释氮肥(180 kg N·hm-2)一次性施肥后田面水铵态氮浓度为稳定性肥料(NIU)>常规分次施肥(Urea)>树脂包膜尿素(RCU)>聚氨酯包膜尿素(PCU);氮肥施用量为180 kg N·hm-2时田面水铵态氮浓度随缓释氮肥施用比例增加而下降,但180 kg N·hm-2和144 kg N·hm-2处理间田面水铵态氮含量没有明显差异。尿素分次施肥和一次性施肥处理的稻田氮素径流损失风险都在施基肥后5 d。研究表明,一次性施肥模式通过缓释氮肥的应用和氮肥减量等措施,虽然基肥用量大于尿素分次施肥处理,但没有增加稻田氮素径流损失风险。
To evaluate the risk of nitrogen runoff loss from single fertilization in monocropping systems, field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the types of slow-release N fertilizer(SRN), the ratios of SRN to urea, and the application amount of N fertilizer on the N concentrations in rice paddy surface water. The results showed that the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen(NH+4-N)in rice paddy surface water after single application of different SRNs(180 kg N·hm-2), compared to multiple applications of urea(225 kg N·hm-2), were ranked as follows:nitrification inhibitor urea> conventional multiple application of urea> resin-coated urea > polymer-coated urea. At a rate of 180 kg·hm-2for nitrogen fertilizer, the NH+4-N concentration in rice paddy surface water decreased as SRN usage increased. However, no significant difference was seen in NH+4-N in the surface water at rates between 180 kg·hm-2and 144 kg·hm-2. All nitrogen runoff amounts peaked on the fifth day for both single and multiple urea fertilizations. With the combination of SRN and reduced nitrogen fertilizer application, single fertilization did not increase the risk in nitrogen runoff loss, although it required more basal fertilizer than that with multiple fertilizations.
To evaluate the risk of nitrogen runoff loss from single fertilization in monocropping systems, field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the types of slow-release N fertilizer(SRN), the ratios of SRN to urea, and the application amount of N fertilizer on the N concentrations in rice paddy surface water. The results showed that the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen(NH+4-N)in rice paddy surface water after single application of different SRNs(180 kg N·hm-2), compared to multiple applications of urea(225 kg N·hm-2), were ranked as follows:nitrification inhibitor urea> conventional multiple application of urea> resin-coated urea > polymer-coated urea. At a rate of 180 kg·hm-2for nitrogen fertilizer, the NH+4-N concentration in rice paddy surface water decreased as SRN usage increased. However, no significant difference was seen in NH+4-N in the surface water at rates between 180 kg·hm-2and 144 kg·hm-2. All nitrogen runoff amounts peaked on the fifth day for both single and multiple urea fertilizations. With the combination of SRN and reduced nitrogen fertilizer application, single fertilization did not increase the risk in nitrogen runoff loss, although it required more basal fertilizer than that with multiple fertilizations.
引文
[1] Jiang L G, Dong D F, Gan X Q, et al. Photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen distribution under different nitrogen management and relationship with physiological N-use efficiency in three rice genotypes[J].Plant and Soil, 2005, 271(1/2):321-328.
[2] Huda A, Gaihre Y K, Islam M R, et al. Floodwater ammonium, nitrogen use efficiency and rice yields with fertilizer deep placement and alternate wetting and drying under triple rice cropping systems[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2016, 104(1):53-66.
[3]田卡,钟旭华,黄农荣.“三控”施肥技术对水稻生长发育和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2010, 26(12):150-157.TIAN Ka, ZHONG Xu-hua, HUANG Nong-rong. Effect of three controls nutrient management technology on growth, development and nitrogen uptake of rice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(12):150-157.
[4]卢铁钢,崔月峰,孙国才,等.氮肥运筹对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响[J].作物研究, 2012, 26(4):320-323.LU Tie-gang, CUI Yue-feng, SUN Guo-cai, et al. Effects of nitrogen application on yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of rice[J].Crop Research, 2012, 26(4):320-323.
[5]范立慧,徐珊珊,侯朋福,等.不同地力下基蘖肥运筹比例对水稻产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2016, 49(10):1872-1884.FAN Li-hui, XU Shan-shan, HOU Peng-fu, et al. Effect of different ratios of basal to tiller nitrogen on rice yield and nitrogen utilization under different soil fertility[J]. Scientia Aagricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(10):1872-1884.
[6] Dubey A, Mailapalli D R. Development of control release urea fertilizer model for water and nitrogen movement in flooded rice[J]. Paddy&Water Environment, 2017(2-3):1-13.
[7]诸海焘,朱恩,余廷园,等.水稻专用缓释肥复合配方肥增产效果研究[J].中国农学通报, 2014, 30(3):56-60.ZHU Hai-tao, ZHU En, YU Tin-yuan, et al. Effects of slowed release compound fertilizer on rice yield[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2014, 30(3):56-60.
[8]李敏,郭熙盛,叶舒娅,等.硫膜和树脂膜控释尿素对水稻产量、光合特性及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013,19(4):808-815.LI Min, GUO Xi-sheng, YE Shu-ya, et al. Effects of sulfur-and polymer-coated controlled release urea on yield, photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency of rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013, 19(4):808-815.
[9]熊海蓉,文卓琼,熊远福,等. 3种水稻缓/控释肥一次性施用效果比较[J].中国农学通报, 2015, 31(33):1-5.XIONG Hai-rong, WEN Zhuo-qiong, XIONG Yuan-fu, et al. Comparison of one-time application effects of three kinds of slow/controlled release fertilizers on rice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2015,31(33):1-5.
[10]魏海燕,李宏亮,程金秋,等.缓释肥类型与运筹对不同穗型水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报, 2017, 43(5):730-740.WEI Hai-yan, LI Hong-liang, CHENG Jin-qiu, et al. Effects of slow/controlled release fertilizer types and their application regime on yield in rice with different types of panicle[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2017, 43(5):730-740.
[11]蒋曦龙,陈宝成,张民,等.控释肥氮素释放与水稻氮素吸收相关性研究[J].水土保持学报, 2014, 28(1):215-220.JIANG Xi-long, CHEN Bao-cheng, ZHANG Min, et al. Study on the correlation between nitrogen release dynamics of controlled-release fertilizer and nitrogen uptake of the rice[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 28(1):215-220.
[12]张木,唐栓虎,逢玉万,等.不同氮肥及施用方式对水稻养分吸收特征及产量形成的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2017(2):69-75.ZHANG Mu, TANG Shuang-hu, FENG Yu-wan, et al. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer and fertilization patterns on nutrients uptake and yield formation of rice[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2017(2):69-75.
[13]彭玉,马均,蒋明金,等.缓/控释肥对杂交水稻根系形态、生理特性和产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5):1048-1057.PENG Yu, MA Jun, JIANG Ming-jin, et al. Effects of slow/controlled release fertilizers on root morphological and physiological characteristics of rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013, 19(5):1048-1057.
[14]陈建生,徐培智,唐栓虎,等.一次基施水稻控释肥技术的养分利用率及增产效果[J].应用生态学报, 2005, 16(10):1868-1871.CHEN Jian-sheng, XU Pei-zhi, TANG Shuan-hu, et al. Nutrient use efficiency and yield-increasing effect of single basal application of rice-specific controlled release fertilizer[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(10):1868-1871.
[15]王强,姜丽娜,潘建清,等.长江下游单季稻一次性施肥产量效应及影响因子研究[J].浙江农业学报, 2017, 29(11):1875-1881.WANG Qiang, JIANG Li-na, PAN Jian-qing, et al. Yield effect an influence factors of one-time fertilization on single-cropping rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2017, 29(11):1875-1881.
[16]叶玉适,梁新强,金熠,等.节水灌溉与控释肥施用对稻田田面水氮素变化及径流流失的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2014, 28(5):105-112, 118.YE Yu-shi, LIANG Xin-qiang, JIN Yi, et al. Dynamic variation and runoff loss of nitrogen in surface water of paddy fields as affected by water-saving irrigation and controlled-release fertilizer application[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 28(5):105-112, 118.
[17]俞巧钢,陈英旭. DMPP对稻田田面水氮素转化及流失潜能的影响[J].中国环境科学, 2010, 30(9):1274-1280.YU Qiao-gang, CHEN Ying-xu. Influences of nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate on nitrogen transformation and runoff loss in rice fields[J]. China Environmental Science, 2010, 30(9):1274-1280.
[18]李旭,谢桂先,刘强,等.控释尿素减量施用对稻田氮素径流和渗漏损失的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2015, 29(5):70-74.LI Xu, XIE Gui-xian, LIU Qiang, et al. Effect of reducing amount of controlled release urea on nitrogen runoff and leakage loss in paddy field[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(5):70-74.
[19]田平,陈英旭,田光明,等.杭嘉湖地区淹水稻田氮素径流流失负荷估算[J].应用生态学报, 2006, 17(10):1911-1917.TIAN Ping, CHEN Ying-xu, TIAN Guang-ming, et al. Estimation of N loss loading by runoff from paddy field during submersed period in Hangjiahu area[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(10):1911-1917.
[20]张丽娟,马中文,马友华,等.优化施肥和缓释肥对水稻田面水氮磷动态变化的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2012, 26(1):90-94, 100.ZHANG Li-juan, MA Zhong-wen, MA You-hua, et al. Dynamic variation of nitrogen and phosphorus under optimize fertilization and slowrelease fertilizer in paddy field surface water[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 26(1):90-94, 100.
[21]李娟,李松昊,邬奇峰,等.不同施肥处理对稻田氮素径流和渗漏损失的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2016, 30(5):23-28, 33.LI Juan, LI Song-hao, WU Qi-feng, et al. Effects of different fertilization treatments on runoff and leaching losses of nitrogen in paddy field[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 30(5):23-28, 33.
[22]侯朋福,薛利详,俞映倞,等.稻田径流易发期不同类型肥料的氮素流失风险[J].农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(7):1353-1361.HOU Peng-fu, XUE Li-xiang, YU Ying-liang, et al. Nitrogen loss risk of paddy field under different fertilizations in runoff prone period[J]. Journal of Agro-environment Science, 2017, 36(7):1353-1361.
[2] Huda A, Gaihre Y K, Islam M R, et al. Floodwater ammonium, nitrogen use efficiency and rice yields with fertilizer deep placement and alternate wetting and drying under triple rice cropping systems[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2016, 104(1):53-66.
[3]田卡,钟旭华,黄农荣.“三控”施肥技术对水稻生长发育和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2010, 26(12):150-157.TIAN Ka, ZHONG Xu-hua, HUANG Nong-rong. Effect of three controls nutrient management technology on growth, development and nitrogen uptake of rice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(12):150-157.
[4]卢铁钢,崔月峰,孙国才,等.氮肥运筹对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响[J].作物研究, 2012, 26(4):320-323.LU Tie-gang, CUI Yue-feng, SUN Guo-cai, et al. Effects of nitrogen application on yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of rice[J].Crop Research, 2012, 26(4):320-323.
[5]范立慧,徐珊珊,侯朋福,等.不同地力下基蘖肥运筹比例对水稻产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2016, 49(10):1872-1884.FAN Li-hui, XU Shan-shan, HOU Peng-fu, et al. Effect of different ratios of basal to tiller nitrogen on rice yield and nitrogen utilization under different soil fertility[J]. Scientia Aagricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(10):1872-1884.
[6] Dubey A, Mailapalli D R. Development of control release urea fertilizer model for water and nitrogen movement in flooded rice[J]. Paddy&Water Environment, 2017(2-3):1-13.
[7]诸海焘,朱恩,余廷园,等.水稻专用缓释肥复合配方肥增产效果研究[J].中国农学通报, 2014, 30(3):56-60.ZHU Hai-tao, ZHU En, YU Tin-yuan, et al. Effects of slowed release compound fertilizer on rice yield[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2014, 30(3):56-60.
[8]李敏,郭熙盛,叶舒娅,等.硫膜和树脂膜控释尿素对水稻产量、光合特性及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013,19(4):808-815.LI Min, GUO Xi-sheng, YE Shu-ya, et al. Effects of sulfur-and polymer-coated controlled release urea on yield, photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency of rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013, 19(4):808-815.
[9]熊海蓉,文卓琼,熊远福,等. 3种水稻缓/控释肥一次性施用效果比较[J].中国农学通报, 2015, 31(33):1-5.XIONG Hai-rong, WEN Zhuo-qiong, XIONG Yuan-fu, et al. Comparison of one-time application effects of three kinds of slow/controlled release fertilizers on rice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2015,31(33):1-5.
[10]魏海燕,李宏亮,程金秋,等.缓释肥类型与运筹对不同穗型水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报, 2017, 43(5):730-740.WEI Hai-yan, LI Hong-liang, CHENG Jin-qiu, et al. Effects of slow/controlled release fertilizer types and their application regime on yield in rice with different types of panicle[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2017, 43(5):730-740.
[11]蒋曦龙,陈宝成,张民,等.控释肥氮素释放与水稻氮素吸收相关性研究[J].水土保持学报, 2014, 28(1):215-220.JIANG Xi-long, CHEN Bao-cheng, ZHANG Min, et al. Study on the correlation between nitrogen release dynamics of controlled-release fertilizer and nitrogen uptake of the rice[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 28(1):215-220.
[12]张木,唐栓虎,逢玉万,等.不同氮肥及施用方式对水稻养分吸收特征及产量形成的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2017(2):69-75.ZHANG Mu, TANG Shuang-hu, FENG Yu-wan, et al. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer and fertilization patterns on nutrients uptake and yield formation of rice[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2017(2):69-75.
[13]彭玉,马均,蒋明金,等.缓/控释肥对杂交水稻根系形态、生理特性和产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5):1048-1057.PENG Yu, MA Jun, JIANG Ming-jin, et al. Effects of slow/controlled release fertilizers on root morphological and physiological characteristics of rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013, 19(5):1048-1057.
[14]陈建生,徐培智,唐栓虎,等.一次基施水稻控释肥技术的养分利用率及增产效果[J].应用生态学报, 2005, 16(10):1868-1871.CHEN Jian-sheng, XU Pei-zhi, TANG Shuan-hu, et al. Nutrient use efficiency and yield-increasing effect of single basal application of rice-specific controlled release fertilizer[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(10):1868-1871.
[15]王强,姜丽娜,潘建清,等.长江下游单季稻一次性施肥产量效应及影响因子研究[J].浙江农业学报, 2017, 29(11):1875-1881.WANG Qiang, JIANG Li-na, PAN Jian-qing, et al. Yield effect an influence factors of one-time fertilization on single-cropping rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2017, 29(11):1875-1881.
[16]叶玉适,梁新强,金熠,等.节水灌溉与控释肥施用对稻田田面水氮素变化及径流流失的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2014, 28(5):105-112, 118.YE Yu-shi, LIANG Xin-qiang, JIN Yi, et al. Dynamic variation and runoff loss of nitrogen in surface water of paddy fields as affected by water-saving irrigation and controlled-release fertilizer application[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 28(5):105-112, 118.
[17]俞巧钢,陈英旭. DMPP对稻田田面水氮素转化及流失潜能的影响[J].中国环境科学, 2010, 30(9):1274-1280.YU Qiao-gang, CHEN Ying-xu. Influences of nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate on nitrogen transformation and runoff loss in rice fields[J]. China Environmental Science, 2010, 30(9):1274-1280.
[18]李旭,谢桂先,刘强,等.控释尿素减量施用对稻田氮素径流和渗漏损失的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2015, 29(5):70-74.LI Xu, XIE Gui-xian, LIU Qiang, et al. Effect of reducing amount of controlled release urea on nitrogen runoff and leakage loss in paddy field[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(5):70-74.
[19]田平,陈英旭,田光明,等.杭嘉湖地区淹水稻田氮素径流流失负荷估算[J].应用生态学报, 2006, 17(10):1911-1917.TIAN Ping, CHEN Ying-xu, TIAN Guang-ming, et al. Estimation of N loss loading by runoff from paddy field during submersed period in Hangjiahu area[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(10):1911-1917.
[20]张丽娟,马中文,马友华,等.优化施肥和缓释肥对水稻田面水氮磷动态变化的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2012, 26(1):90-94, 100.ZHANG Li-juan, MA Zhong-wen, MA You-hua, et al. Dynamic variation of nitrogen and phosphorus under optimize fertilization and slowrelease fertilizer in paddy field surface water[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 26(1):90-94, 100.
[21]李娟,李松昊,邬奇峰,等.不同施肥处理对稻田氮素径流和渗漏损失的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2016, 30(5):23-28, 33.LI Juan, LI Song-hao, WU Qi-feng, et al. Effects of different fertilization treatments on runoff and leaching losses of nitrogen in paddy field[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 30(5):23-28, 33.
[22]侯朋福,薛利详,俞映倞,等.稻田径流易发期不同类型肥料的氮素流失风险[J].农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(7):1353-1361.HOU Peng-fu, XUE Li-xiang, YU Ying-liang, et al. Nitrogen loss risk of paddy field under different fertilizations in runoff prone period[J]. Journal of Agro-environment Science, 2017, 36(7):1353-1361.