LPG球罐泄漏事故后果数值模拟
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摘要
液化石油气(Liquefied Petroleum Gas,LPG)中含有一定量的H_2O、HCl及H_2S等气体物质,在露点温度下会形成湿硫化氢环境,容易导致储罐罐体发生腐蚀开裂,具有极大的危险性。以中国南方某400 m~3的LPG球罐为研究对象,采用PHAST事故后果模拟软件,分别模拟泄漏孔径为50 mm、100 mm及150 mm的LPG球罐泄漏的危害和影响范围。模拟结果表明:在上述3种泄漏孔径下,蒸气云扩散的最大距离分别为16.0 m、29.5 m、42.0 m,喷射火影响的最大距离分别为20.0 m、37.5 m、53.5 m,闪燃影响最大距离分别为16.8 m、31.8 m、46.0 m,蒸气云爆炸影响距离为462.0 m。模拟得出的泄漏事故的危害和影响范围,可为今后不同泄漏区域的应急方案制订提供参考。
There is a certain amount of H_2O, HCl and H_2S in liquefied petroleum gas(LPG), so wet H_2S environment can be formed at the dew point temperature. And in the wet H_2S environment, the body of tank can be easily corroded and cracked with huge danger. In this paper, the 400 m~3 LPG spherical tank in South China was taken as the study target to simulate the hazard and influential area of LPG spherical tank leakage by setting the diameter of leakage hole at 50 mm, 100 mm and 150 mm by PHAST accident consequence simulation software. It is shown that corresponding to three leakage hole diameters, the maximum diffusion distance of vaporous cloud is 16.0 m, 29.5 m and 42.0 m, the maximum influential distance of jet fire is 20.0 m, 37.5 m and 53.5 m, the maximum influential distance of flash fire is 16.8 m, 31.8 m and 46.0 m, and the influential distance of vaporous cloud explosion is 462.0 m. The simulated hazard and influential area of leakage accidents provide the reference for the future establishment of different emergency schemes in different leakage zones.
There is a certain amount of H_2O, HCl and H_2S in liquefied petroleum gas(LPG), so wet H_2S environment can be formed at the dew point temperature. And in the wet H_2S environment, the body of tank can be easily corroded and cracked with huge danger. In this paper, the 400 m~3 LPG spherical tank in South China was taken as the study target to simulate the hazard and influential area of LPG spherical tank leakage by setting the diameter of leakage hole at 50 mm, 100 mm and 150 mm by PHAST accident consequence simulation software. It is shown that corresponding to three leakage hole diameters, the maximum diffusion distance of vaporous cloud is 16.0 m, 29.5 m and 42.0 m, the maximum influential distance of jet fire is 20.0 m, 37.5 m and 53.5 m, the maximum influential distance of flash fire is 16.8 m, 31.8 m and 46.0 m, and the influential distance of vaporous cloud explosion is 462.0 m. The simulated hazard and influential area of leakage accidents provide the reference for the future establishment of different emergency schemes in different leakage zones.
引文
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[14]缪灿亮,张赛,王思.PHAST软件在LPG储罐泄漏分析中的应用[J].石油化工安全环保技术,2013,29(6):10-13.MIAO C L,ZHANG S,WANG S.The application of PHASTsoftware in the leak analysis of LPG tank[J].Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Technology,2013,29(6):10-13.
[15]袁立志.PHAST对大型空分储罐区泄漏扩散及风险性控制分析[D].上海:华东理工大学,2014:21-23.YUAN L Z.PHAST risk analysis and assessment during leakage of the biggest ASU storage tank[D].Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology,2014:21-23.
[16]李育娟,於孝春,朱伯龄.液化石油气球罐区的风险评价[J].石油化工设备,2009,38(1):85-89.LI Y J,YU X C,ZHU B L.Risk assessment of LPG spherical tank yard[J].Petro-chemical Equipment,2009,38(1):85-89.
[17]朱伯龄,於孝春.PHAST软件对液化天然气泄漏扩散的研究[J].计算机与应用化学,2009,26(11):1418-1422.ZHU B L,YU X C.Research for PHAST in the process of liquefi ed natural gas discharge and dispersion[J].Computers and Applied Chemistry,2009,26(11):1418-1422.
[18]石天雄.PHAST软件预测火炬的气体扩散和热辐射[J].安全健康和环境,2010,10(7):35-38.SHI T X.Evalution flame gas dispersion and heat radiation using PHAST software[J].Safety Health&Environment,2010,10(7):35-38.
[19]NILAMBAR B,INDRA M M,VIMAL C S.Fire and explosion hazard analysis during surface transport of liquefi ed petroleum gas(LPG):A case study of LPG truck tanker accident in Kannur,Kerala,India[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2016,40(3):449-460.
[20]SEUNGKYUD,CHANGJL,JEONGPILP,etal.Quantitative risk analysis of fi re and explosion on the top-side LNG-liquefaction process of LNG-FPSO[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2014,92(9):430-441.
[2]廖建良.液化石油气储罐常见问题及检验对策[J].化工设计通讯,2016,42(7):33-34.LIAO J L.Common problems of liquefi ed petroleum gas storage tank and its inspection[J].Chemical Engineering Design Communications,2016,42(7):33-34.
[3]黄郑华,李建华,李海林,等.液化石油气火灾爆炸事故类型分析[J].油气储运,2003,22(8):41-44.HUANG Z H,LI J H,LI H L,et al.Systematical analysis on fire and explosion accident of LPG[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2003,22(8):41-44.
[4]黄昆,蒋宏业,李余斌,等.LPG储罐火灾与爆炸事故分析[J].西南石油大学学报,2004,26(5):74-76.HUANG K,JIANG H Y,LI Y B,et al.Analysis of LPG tank fired&blasted accients[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2004,26(5):74-76.
[5]郭卫华,李辉.石油化工气液重大危险源火灾爆炸事故预防[J].消防科学与技术,2016,35(9):1335-1337.GUO W H,LI H.Prevention of fire and explosion accidents induced by major hazards in petrochemical enterprises[J].Fire Science and Technology,2016,35(9):1335-1337.
[6]白金亮,王春燕,周建军,等.LPG球罐腐蚀开裂失效分析[J].石油化工设备技术,2001,22(3):15-19.BAI J L,WANG C Y,ZHOU J J,et al.Analysis on corrosion crack failure of LPG spherical vessel[J].Petro-chemical Equipment Technology,2001,22(3):15-19.
[7]唐建群,张礼敬,张显程,等.LPG球罐应力腐蚀分析[J].南京理工大学学报,2003,25(1):84-88.TANG J Q,ZHANG L J,ZHANG X C,et al.Analysis of corrosion status about LPG spherical tank[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology,2003,25(1):84-88.
[8]邢志祥,赵晓芳,蒋军成.液化石油气储罐火灾模拟试验(二)--喷射火环境下[J].天然气工业,2006,26(1):129-131.XING Z X,ZHAO X F,JIANG J C.Simulation test of fire hazard for LPG tank-under jet fi re[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(1):129-131.
[9]缪鹏飞,刘道明,田欣.GIS的LPG储罐爆炸后果模拟及应急处置[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2016,35(9):926-930.MIAO P F,LIU D M,TIAN X.Simulation analysis of LPGtank explosion based on GIS and its application in emergency disposal[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2016,35(9):926-930.
[10]高云峰,田贯三.LPG储罐泄漏爆炸影响范围的模拟分析[J].燃气技术,2016(8):16-21.GAO Y F,TIAN G S.Sphere influence of LPG tank leak explosion simulation analysis[J].Gas Technology,2016(8):16-21.
[11]刘经纬,赵斌.LPG储罐爆炸事故评价及安全管理研究进展[J].当代化工,2016,45(1):67-69.LIU J W,ZHAO B.Research progress of explosion accident e v a l u t i o n a n d s a f e t y m a n a g e m e n t f o r L P G t a n k s[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2016,45(1):67-69.
[12]曾晨岗,单彦广.LPG储罐泄漏喷射火灾过程模拟[J].上海理工大学学报,2015,37(5):473-478.ZENG C G,SHAN Y G.Modelling of the evolution of jet fi re caused by continuous discharge of propane from a LPG tank[J].Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,2015,37(5):473-478.
[13]潘旭海,蒋军成.化学危险性气体泄漏扩散模拟及其影响因素[J].南京化工大学学报,2001,23(1):19-22.PAN X H,JIANG J C.Research on discharging dispersion of chemical dangerous gases and its influence factors[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Chemical Technology,2001,23(1):19-22.
[14]缪灿亮,张赛,王思.PHAST软件在LPG储罐泄漏分析中的应用[J].石油化工安全环保技术,2013,29(6):10-13.MIAO C L,ZHANG S,WANG S.The application of PHASTsoftware in the leak analysis of LPG tank[J].Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Technology,2013,29(6):10-13.
[15]袁立志.PHAST对大型空分储罐区泄漏扩散及风险性控制分析[D].上海:华东理工大学,2014:21-23.YUAN L Z.PHAST risk analysis and assessment during leakage of the biggest ASU storage tank[D].Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology,2014:21-23.
[16]李育娟,於孝春,朱伯龄.液化石油气球罐区的风险评价[J].石油化工设备,2009,38(1):85-89.LI Y J,YU X C,ZHU B L.Risk assessment of LPG spherical tank yard[J].Petro-chemical Equipment,2009,38(1):85-89.
[17]朱伯龄,於孝春.PHAST软件对液化天然气泄漏扩散的研究[J].计算机与应用化学,2009,26(11):1418-1422.ZHU B L,YU X C.Research for PHAST in the process of liquefi ed natural gas discharge and dispersion[J].Computers and Applied Chemistry,2009,26(11):1418-1422.
[18]石天雄.PHAST软件预测火炬的气体扩散和热辐射[J].安全健康和环境,2010,10(7):35-38.SHI T X.Evalution flame gas dispersion and heat radiation using PHAST software[J].Safety Health&Environment,2010,10(7):35-38.
[19]NILAMBAR B,INDRA M M,VIMAL C S.Fire and explosion hazard analysis during surface transport of liquefi ed petroleum gas(LPG):A case study of LPG truck tanker accident in Kannur,Kerala,India[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2016,40(3):449-460.
[20]SEUNGKYUD,CHANGJL,JEONGPILP,etal.Quantitative risk analysis of fi re and explosion on the top-side LNG-liquefaction process of LNG-FPSO[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2014,92(9):430-441.