中央银行数字货币原型系统实验研究
|
摘要
数字货币的出现被视为货币形态的又一次重大革命,有望成为数字经济时代的主流通货和重要金融基础设施.中央银行推动发行央行数字货币(central bank digital currency,简称CBDC)势在必行.根据中国人民银行法定数字货币原型系统实验,探索了二元模式下法定数字货币发行、转移、回笼闭环流程,设计了CBDC的加密字符串表达形式、通过存款准备金等额兑换的发行回笼机制、CBDC在转移过程中的转换机制以及原型系统的总体架构、系统架构和技术架构,并在局部采用分布式账本技术基础上探讨增强其可用性的改进方法,最后还研究了在保护用户隐私前提下如何对CBDC进行数据分析.研究发现,基于分布式账本的共识记账和国密SM2运算是影响CBDC转移性能的关键操作,并提出优化改进思路.
The emergence of digital currency is seen as another major revolution in the form of currency and is expected to become the main currency and important financial infrastructure in the era of digital economy. It is imperative for central banks to promote the issuance of central bank digital currency(CBDC). Based on initial achievements of research on digital fiat currency(DFC) conducted by the People's Bank of China,this paper explores a closed loop which encompasses DFC issuance,transfer and return in the "central bank-commercial banks" binary model. Moreover,the paper designs the encrypted character string of CBDC,the issuance/return mechanism based on a 1:1 exchange ratio between deposit reserve and DFC,and the conversion mechanism of CBDC during its transfer. The paper goes on to explore the overall architecture,system architecture and technical architecture of the prototype and discusses possible ways to improve the usability of distributed ledger technology(DLT) based on partial application of DLT. Finally,this paper explores data analysis of CBDC under the prerequisite of consumer privacy protection,and concludes that consensus of distributed ledger and SM2 algorithm are key factors influencing the performance of CBDC transfer. Some suggestions for further improvement are also offered.
The emergence of digital currency is seen as another major revolution in the form of currency and is expected to become the main currency and important financial infrastructure in the era of digital economy. It is imperative for central banks to promote the issuance of central bank digital currency(CBDC). Based on initial achievements of research on digital fiat currency(DFC) conducted by the People's Bank of China,this paper explores a closed loop which encompasses DFC issuance,transfer and return in the "central bank-commercial banks" binary model. Moreover,the paper designs the encrypted character string of CBDC,the issuance/return mechanism based on a 1:1 exchange ratio between deposit reserve and DFC,and the conversion mechanism of CBDC during its transfer. The paper goes on to explore the overall architecture,system architecture and technical architecture of the prototype and discusses possible ways to improve the usability of distributed ledger technology(DLT) based on partial application of DLT. Finally,this paper explores data analysis of CBDC under the prerequisite of consumer privacy protection,and concludes that consensus of distributed ledger and SM2 algorithm are key factors influencing the performance of CBDC transfer. Some suggestions for further improvement are also offered.
引文
[1]CBDC Woking Group of the People’s Bank of China.China’s Path of CBDC.China Finance,2016,17:45-46(in Chinese).
[2]Fan YF.Theory and Structure of China's CBDC.China Finance,2016,17:10-12(in Chinese).
[3]Yao Q.Central Bank Crypto-Currency:An Analysis on RSCoin System.Finance,2017,6(in Chinese).
[4]Garratt R.CAD-Coin versus fedcoin.R3 Report,2016.
[5]Monetary Authority of Singapore.The future is here—Project ubin:SGD ondistributed ledger.Technology Reports,2017.
[6]ECB.Distributed ledger technologies in securities post-trading revolution or evolution?Occasional paper series.2016.
[7]BIS.Distributed ledger technology in payment,clearing and settlement—An analytical framework.Technology Reports,2017.
[8]Yao Q.Thoughts on China’s CBDC Prototype.China Finance,2016,17:13-14(in Chinese).
[9]Yao Q.Theoretical Logics and Technical Structure of CBDC,Comparision,2017,8(in Chinese).
[10]Nakamoto S.Bitcoin:A peer-to-peer electronic cash system.2008.
[11]Danezis G,Meiklejohn S.Centrally banked cryptocurrencies.ar Xiv preprint ar Xiv:1505.06895,2015.
[12]Samid G.Bitcoin.Bit Mint:Reconciling bitcoin with central banks.IACR Cryptology e Print Archive,2014.
[13]Institute of Digital Money of the People's Bank of China.Method and Device of Circulation of Digital Money.Patent201710495071.7.2017(in Chinese).
[14]Institute of Digital Money of the People's Bank of China.Method and System of Issuance of Digital Money.Patent201710493230.X.2017(in Chinese).
[15]Institute of Digital Money of the People's Bank of China.Method and System of Withdrawal of Digital Money.Patent201710492677.5.2017(in Chinese).
[16]Introduction to Redis.https://redis.io/topics/introduction
[17]Level DB.http://leveldb.org/
[18]Johnson D,Menezes A,Vanstone S.The elliptic curve digital signature algorithm.Int’l Journal of Information Security,2001,1(1):36–63.
[19]Yang JH,Dai ZD,Yang DY,Liu HW.An elliptic curve signature scheme and an identity-based signature agreement.Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software,2000,11(10):1303-1306(in Chinese with English abstract).http://www.jos.org.cn/jos/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20001005&journal_id=jos
[20]Yu HF,Yang B.Identity-Based hybrid signcryption scheme using ECC.Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software,2015,26(12):3174-3182(in Chinese with English abstract).http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/4819.htm[doi:10.13328/j.cnki.jos.004819]
[21]Nie YX,Liu BB,Ren W.The implementation and evaluation of SM2 algorithm in Java.Security of Inforamtion Network,2013,(8):13-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]Sun RY,Cai CS,Zhou Z,Zhao YJ,Yang JM.The comparision between digital signature based on SM2 and ECDSA.Technology and Implementation of Internet Security,2013,2(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]Khalique A,Singh K,Sood S.Implementation of elliptic curve digital signature algorithm.Int’l Journal of Computer Applications,2011,2(2):21-27.
[24]Abidi A,Bouallegue B,Kahri F.Implementation of elliptic curve digital signature algorithm(ECDSA).In:Proc.of the 2014Global Summit on Computer&Information Technology(GSCIT).2014.1-6.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286584272
[25]Nabil G,Naziha K,Lamia F,Lotfi K.Hardware implementationof elliptic curve digital signature algorithm(ECDSA)on Koblitz curves.In:Proc.of the Int’l Symp.on Communication Systems.2012.1-6.
[26]Hou ZF,Li L.The research on designing and optimizing of the algorithm for elliptic curve cryptography(ECC).Acta Electronica Sinica,2004,32(11):1904-1906(in Chinese with English abstract).
[27]Zhong L,Liu Y,Yu SY,Xie Z.Hardware/Software co-design of SM2 encryption algorithm based on the embedded So C.Journal of Computer Applications,2015,35(5):1412-1416(in Chinese with English abstract).
[1]中国人民银行数字货币研究项目组.法定数字货币的中国之路.中国金融,2016,17:45-46.
[2]范一飞.中国法定数字货币的理论依据和架构选择.中国金融,2016,17:10-12.
[3]姚前.中央银行加密货币——RSCoin系统之分析.财经,2017,6.
[8]姚前.中国法定数字货币原型构想.中国金融,2016,17:13-14.
[9]姚前.法定数字货币的理论逻辑与技术架构.比较,2017,8.
[13]中国人民银行数字货币研究所.数字货币的流通方法和装置.专利201710495071.7.2017.
[14]中国人民银行数字货币研究所.数字货币的发行方法和系统.专利201710493230.X.2017.
[15]中国人民银行数字货币研究所.数字货币的回笼方法和系统.专利201710492677.5.2017.
[19]杨君辉,戴宗铎,杨栋毅,刘宏伟.一种椭圆曲线签名方案与基于身份的签名协议.软件学报,2000,11(10):1303-1306.http://www.jos.org.cn/jos/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20001005&journal_id=jos
[20]俞惠芳,杨波.使用ECC的身份混合签密方案.软件学报,2015,26(12):3174-3182.http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/4819.htm[doi:10.13328/j.cnki.jos.004819]
[21]聂意新,刘彬彬,任伟.SM2密码算法的Java实现与评测.信息网络安全,2013,(8):13-17.
[22]孙荣燕,蔡昌曙,周洲,赵燕杰,杨金铭.国密SM2数字签名算法与ECDSA算法对比分析研究.网络安全技术与应用,2013,2.
[26]侯整风,李岚.椭圆曲线密码系统(ECC)整体算法设计及优化研究.电子学报,2004,32(11):1904-1906.
[27]钟丽,刘彦,余思洋,谢中.嵌入式系统芯片中SM2算法软件硬件协同设计与实现.计算机应用,2015,35(5):1412-1416.
[2]Fan YF.Theory and Structure of China's CBDC.China Finance,2016,17:10-12(in Chinese).
[3]Yao Q.Central Bank Crypto-Currency:An Analysis on RSCoin System.Finance,2017,6(in Chinese).
[4]Garratt R.CAD-Coin versus fedcoin.R3 Report,2016.
[5]Monetary Authority of Singapore.The future is here—Project ubin:SGD ondistributed ledger.Technology Reports,2017.
[6]ECB.Distributed ledger technologies in securities post-trading revolution or evolution?Occasional paper series.2016.
[7]BIS.Distributed ledger technology in payment,clearing and settlement—An analytical framework.Technology Reports,2017.
[8]Yao Q.Thoughts on China’s CBDC Prototype.China Finance,2016,17:13-14(in Chinese).
[9]Yao Q.Theoretical Logics and Technical Structure of CBDC,Comparision,2017,8(in Chinese).
[10]Nakamoto S.Bitcoin:A peer-to-peer electronic cash system.2008.
[11]Danezis G,Meiklejohn S.Centrally banked cryptocurrencies.ar Xiv preprint ar Xiv:1505.06895,2015.
[12]Samid G.Bitcoin.Bit Mint:Reconciling bitcoin with central banks.IACR Cryptology e Print Archive,2014.
[13]Institute of Digital Money of the People's Bank of China.Method and Device of Circulation of Digital Money.Patent201710495071.7.2017(in Chinese).
[14]Institute of Digital Money of the People's Bank of China.Method and System of Issuance of Digital Money.Patent201710493230.X.2017(in Chinese).
[15]Institute of Digital Money of the People's Bank of China.Method and System of Withdrawal of Digital Money.Patent201710492677.5.2017(in Chinese).
[16]Introduction to Redis.https://redis.io/topics/introduction
[17]Level DB.http://leveldb.org/
[18]Johnson D,Menezes A,Vanstone S.The elliptic curve digital signature algorithm.Int’l Journal of Information Security,2001,1(1):36–63.
[19]Yang JH,Dai ZD,Yang DY,Liu HW.An elliptic curve signature scheme and an identity-based signature agreement.Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software,2000,11(10):1303-1306(in Chinese with English abstract).http://www.jos.org.cn/jos/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20001005&journal_id=jos
[20]Yu HF,Yang B.Identity-Based hybrid signcryption scheme using ECC.Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software,2015,26(12):3174-3182(in Chinese with English abstract).http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/4819.htm[doi:10.13328/j.cnki.jos.004819]
[21]Nie YX,Liu BB,Ren W.The implementation and evaluation of SM2 algorithm in Java.Security of Inforamtion Network,2013,(8):13-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]Sun RY,Cai CS,Zhou Z,Zhao YJ,Yang JM.The comparision between digital signature based on SM2 and ECDSA.Technology and Implementation of Internet Security,2013,2(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]Khalique A,Singh K,Sood S.Implementation of elliptic curve digital signature algorithm.Int’l Journal of Computer Applications,2011,2(2):21-27.
[24]Abidi A,Bouallegue B,Kahri F.Implementation of elliptic curve digital signature algorithm(ECDSA).In:Proc.of the 2014Global Summit on Computer&Information Technology(GSCIT).2014.1-6.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286584272
[25]Nabil G,Naziha K,Lamia F,Lotfi K.Hardware implementationof elliptic curve digital signature algorithm(ECDSA)on Koblitz curves.In:Proc.of the Int’l Symp.on Communication Systems.2012.1-6.
[26]Hou ZF,Li L.The research on designing and optimizing of the algorithm for elliptic curve cryptography(ECC).Acta Electronica Sinica,2004,32(11):1904-1906(in Chinese with English abstract).
[27]Zhong L,Liu Y,Yu SY,Xie Z.Hardware/Software co-design of SM2 encryption algorithm based on the embedded So C.Journal of Computer Applications,2015,35(5):1412-1416(in Chinese with English abstract).
[1]中国人民银行数字货币研究项目组.法定数字货币的中国之路.中国金融,2016,17:45-46.
[2]范一飞.中国法定数字货币的理论依据和架构选择.中国金融,2016,17:10-12.
[3]姚前.中央银行加密货币——RSCoin系统之分析.财经,2017,6.
[8]姚前.中国法定数字货币原型构想.中国金融,2016,17:13-14.
[9]姚前.法定数字货币的理论逻辑与技术架构.比较,2017,8.
[13]中国人民银行数字货币研究所.数字货币的流通方法和装置.专利201710495071.7.2017.
[14]中国人民银行数字货币研究所.数字货币的发行方法和系统.专利201710493230.X.2017.
[15]中国人民银行数字货币研究所.数字货币的回笼方法和系统.专利201710492677.5.2017.
[19]杨君辉,戴宗铎,杨栋毅,刘宏伟.一种椭圆曲线签名方案与基于身份的签名协议.软件学报,2000,11(10):1303-1306.http://www.jos.org.cn/jos/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20001005&journal_id=jos
[20]俞惠芳,杨波.使用ECC的身份混合签密方案.软件学报,2015,26(12):3174-3182.http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/4819.htm[doi:10.13328/j.cnki.jos.004819]
[21]聂意新,刘彬彬,任伟.SM2密码算法的Java实现与评测.信息网络安全,2013,(8):13-17.
[22]孙荣燕,蔡昌曙,周洲,赵燕杰,杨金铭.国密SM2数字签名算法与ECDSA算法对比分析研究.网络安全技术与应用,2013,2.
[26]侯整风,李岚.椭圆曲线密码系统(ECC)整体算法设计及优化研究.电子学报,2004,32(11):1904-1906.
[27]钟丽,刘彦,余思洋,谢中.嵌入式系统芯片中SM2算法软件硬件协同设计与实现.计算机应用,2015,35(5):1412-1416.