加味四君子汤对脾虚犬生理生化指标及消化吸收功能的影响
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摘要
【目的】探究加味四君子汤对脾虚犬相关指标及功能的影响,为临床脾虚犬的治疗提供参考。【方法】选择24只1岁龄的比格犬,随机平均分为4组,分别为对照组、脾虚组、自然恢复组、加味四君子汤恢复组。对照组犬饲喂基础饲粮;其余3组犬先饲喂基础饲粮并每天灌喂6 mL/kg番泻叶水煎液,上下午各1次,构建脾虚模型。模型构建成功后,将脾虚组犬解剖采样,加味四君子汤恢复组饲喂添加加味四君子汤的饲粮(每50 g添加1 mL),自然恢复组饲喂基础饲粮。分别在第0,7,14天采血,测定血常规指标(白细胞(WBC)数、淋巴细胞(LYM)数、中性粒细胞(Gran)数、红细胞(RBC)数、血红蛋白(HGB)含量、红细胞压积(HCT)、血小板(PLT)数),并分离血清测定生化指标(丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性及总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、血糖(GLU)、胆红素(TBIL)含量)以及D-木糖含量。第14天,全部犬解剖采集小肠和胰腺组织,观察小肠形态并测定胰腺消化酶活性。【结果】番泻叶水煎液灌喂第7天,试验犬出现脾虚证候群,表明脾虚模型构建成功。第0天时,各组犬各类指标均无显著差异。第7天时,与对照组相比,脾虚犬体质量极显著降低(P<0.01);血液中WBC、LYM数量,血清TP含量及胰腺组织中淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胃蛋白酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),RBC数量、HGB含量、HCT及血清ALB、GLU、D-木糖含量极显著降低(P<0.01),ACT活性显著升高(P<0.05)、胆红素含量极显著升高(P<0.01)。电镜观察发现,脾虚组犬小肠绒毛稀疏且部分断裂、缺损,细胞器结构损伤。第14天时,脾虚犬经加味四君子汤治疗后,各项指标均恢复到对照组水平。【结论】加味四君子汤能够使脾虚犬的生理生化指标及消化吸收功能恢复正常,对犬脾虚证有明显治疗效果。
【Objective】 The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementary Sijunzi decoction on some indexes as well as digestive and absorptive functions of splenic asthenia canines,and to provide reference for clinial care of splenic asthenia canines.【Method】 Twenty-four one-year-old beagles were selected and randomly divided into four groups with six per group.The four groups were control group,splenic asthenia group,natural recovery group and supplementary Sijunzi decoction recovery group,respectively.The canines in control group were fed on a basal diet,and those in the other three groups were fed on a basal diet with 6 mL/kg decoction per day at morning and afternoon to establish spleen deficiency model.After the model was developed,the canines in splenic asthenia group were dissected for collecting samples,those in natural recovery group were fed a basal diet,while those in supplementary Sijunzi decoction recovery group were fed on a basal diet with 1 mL per 50 g supplementary Sijunzi decoction.On days 0,7 and 14,blood samples were taken to measure blood routine indexes(white blood cell(WBC) count,lymphocyte(LYM) count,neutrophilicgranulocyte(Gran) count,red blood cell(RBC) count,hemoglobin(HGB) content,erythrocyte(HCT) and platelets(PLT) count),and sera were separated to measure biochemical indexes(activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and contents of total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),blood glucose(GLU) and total bilirubin(TBIL)) and D-xylose content. On day 14,all canines were dissected for collecting small intestine and pancreas tissues to observe morphology and detect pancreatic digestive enzyme activities. 【Result】 On day 7,the spleen deficiency syndrome was observed in tested canines,indicating that the spleen deficiency model was successfully developed.On day 0,there was no significant difference in all indicators among groups.On day 7,body weight of splenic asthenia canines was extremely significantly decreased compared with the canines in control group(P<0.01).WBC count,LYM count,serum TP content and activities of lipase,amylase and trypsin in pancrease were significantly decreased(P<0.05),RBC count,HGB content,HCT and contents of ALB,GLU and D-xylose in serum were extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),AST activities were significantly increased(P<0.05),and TBIL content was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01).Structural damage and cell necrosis of villus in small intestines were occurred in the splenic asthenia group by scanning electron microscope.On day 14,all indexes of the splenic asthenia canines recovered to the control group level after treatment by supplementary Sijunzi decoction.【Conclusion】 Supplementary Sijunzi decoction can improve blood physiological and biochemical indexes as well as digestive and absorptive capacity,and have significant effects on treating splenic asthenia canines.
【Objective】 The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementary Sijunzi decoction on some indexes as well as digestive and absorptive functions of splenic asthenia canines,and to provide reference for clinial care of splenic asthenia canines.【Method】 Twenty-four one-year-old beagles were selected and randomly divided into four groups with six per group.The four groups were control group,splenic asthenia group,natural recovery group and supplementary Sijunzi decoction recovery group,respectively.The canines in control group were fed on a basal diet,and those in the other three groups were fed on a basal diet with 6 mL/kg decoction per day at morning and afternoon to establish spleen deficiency model.After the model was developed,the canines in splenic asthenia group were dissected for collecting samples,those in natural recovery group were fed a basal diet,while those in supplementary Sijunzi decoction recovery group were fed on a basal diet with 1 mL per 50 g supplementary Sijunzi decoction.On days 0,7 and 14,blood samples were taken to measure blood routine indexes(white blood cell(WBC) count,lymphocyte(LYM) count,neutrophilicgranulocyte(Gran) count,red blood cell(RBC) count,hemoglobin(HGB) content,erythrocyte(HCT) and platelets(PLT) count),and sera were separated to measure biochemical indexes(activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and contents of total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),blood glucose(GLU) and total bilirubin(TBIL)) and D-xylose content. On day 14,all canines were dissected for collecting small intestine and pancreas tissues to observe morphology and detect pancreatic digestive enzyme activities. 【Result】 On day 7,the spleen deficiency syndrome was observed in tested canines,indicating that the spleen deficiency model was successfully developed.On day 0,there was no significant difference in all indicators among groups.On day 7,body weight of splenic asthenia canines was extremely significantly decreased compared with the canines in control group(P<0.01).WBC count,LYM count,serum TP content and activities of lipase,amylase and trypsin in pancrease were significantly decreased(P<0.05),RBC count,HGB content,HCT and contents of ALB,GLU and D-xylose in serum were extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),AST activities were significantly increased(P<0.05),and TBIL content was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01).Structural damage and cell necrosis of villus in small intestines were occurred in the splenic asthenia group by scanning electron microscope.On day 14,all indexes of the splenic asthenia canines recovered to the control group level after treatment by supplementary Sijunzi decoction.【Conclusion】 Supplementary Sijunzi decoction can improve blood physiological and biochemical indexes as well as digestive and absorptive capacity,and have significant effects on treating splenic asthenia canines.
引文
[1] 甘静宜,程飞,巩忠福,等.四君子汤对脾虚大鼠胃肠运动功能和胃肠激素影响 [J].中兽医医药杂志,2010,29(4):9-12.Gan J Y,Cheng F,Gong Z F,et al.Effect of Sijunzi decoction on gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal hormones in rats with spleen deficiency [J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2010,29(4):9-12.
[2] 高擎,金鑫,葛亚中,等.两种健脾产品对脾虚证复合抗生素大鼠模型肠道菌群的影响 [J].中成药,2017,39(10):2155-2159.Gao Q,Jin X,Ge Y Z,et al.Effects of two kinds of spleen-invigorating products on intestinal flora in rat models of spleen deficiency syndrome [J].Chinese Patent Medicine,2017,39(10):2155-2159.
[3] 白世敬,李峰,马捷,等.功能性腹泻脾虚证动物模型的制作与评价思路初探 [J].河北中医,2014,36(4):592-593.Bai S J,Li F,Ma J,et al.Preliminary study on making and evaluating animal models of functional diarrhea and spleen deficiency syndrome [J].Hebei Chinese Medicine,2014,36(4):592-593.
[4] Huang J Y,Nong H,Pei X,et al.Mechanism underlying effect of Sijunzi decoction on intestinal mucosal barrier of mice with ulcerative colitis [J].World Chinese Journal of Digestology,2015,23(27):4326-4334.
[5] 纪云飞,王瑞君,李晓波.复方四君子汤的化学成分和药理作用研究进展 [J].中草药,2016,47(5):837-843.Ji Y F,Wang R J,Li X B.Research progress on chemical consitituents and pharmacological effects of Sijunzi decoction [J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drags,2016,47(5):837-843.
[6] 吕苑.四君子汤的药理研究和临床应用 [J].中医研究,2012,25(1):76-78.Lü Y.Pharmacological research and clinical application of Sijunzi decoction [J].Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2012,25(1):76-78.
[7] 肖新云,邓艳玲,刘又嘉,等.番泻叶所致脾虚泄泻小鼠血常规的研究 [J].湖北中医药大学学报,2016,18(6):49-51.Xiao X Y,Deng Y L,Liu Y J,et al.Effects of folium sennae on blood routine in rats with diarrhea of splenic deficiency type [J].Journal of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,2016,18(6):49-51.
[8] 石达友,李盛强,朱华君,等.四君子汤对脾虚犬体重及部分血清生化指标的影响 [J].动物医学进展,2010,31(9):29-32.Shi D Y,Li S Q,Zhu H J,et al.Effects of decoction of four mild on the body weight and the part of seral biochemical indicators in dogs with syndrome of splenic asthenia [J].Progress in Animal Medicine,2010,31(9):29-32.
[9] 陈学习.脾虚证动物模型复制方法研究概况、评价与思考 [J].中国当代医药,2010,17(33):5-6.Chen X X.Research overview,evaluation and thinking of animal model replication of spleen deficiency syndrome [J].Chinese Contemporary Medicine,2010,17(33):5-6.
[10] 萧惠来.EMA番泻叶和番泻果评估报告及草药专论介绍 [J].药物评价研究,2018,41(2):182-188.Xiao H L.Introduce of EMA assessment report and herbal monographs on senna folium and senna fructus [J].Drug Evaluation Research,2018,41(2):182-188.
[11] 刘佳,郭文峰,任理,等.四君子汤对脾气虚证模型大鼠小肠葡萄糖吸收功能作用的影响 [J].中国中西医结合杂志,2013,33(10):1389-1393.Liu J,Guo W F,Ren L,et al.Effect of Sijunzi decoction on the intestinal glucose absorption in model rats of Pi-qi deficiency syndrome [J].Chinese Journal of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine,2013,33(10):1389-1393.
[12] 刘靖,王凤云,卞立群,等.脾虚理论在功能性腹泻中的应用 [J].环球中医药,2017,10(4):461-464.Liu J,Wang F Y,Bian L Q,et al.Application of spleen deficiency theory in functional diarrhea [J].Global Chinese Medicine,2017,10(4):461-464.
[13] 黄辰,李瑛,赵妍,等.脾虚证动物模型评价方法评述 [J].辽宁中医杂志,2018,45(2):433-437.Huang C,Li Y,Zhao Y,et al.Review of animal model evaluation method of liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency [J].Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2018,45(2):433-437.
[14] 胡洁,彭买姣,罗怀浩,等.番泻叶造模对小鼠肠道微生物及酶活性的影响 [J].中国微生态学杂志,2018,30(2):155-157.Hu J,Peng M J,Luo H H,et al.Effects of senna on the intestinal microbiota and enzyme activity in mice with spleen-deficiency [J].Chinese Journal of Microecology,2018,30(2):155-157.
[15] 曲功霖,李辰,邵帅,等.不同君药四君子汤辐射损伤防护作用的比较研究 [J].中国辐射卫生,2017,26(3):265-269.Qu G L,Li C,Shao S,et al.Comparison of the radiation-protective effection among different types of Sijunzi decoction [J].Radiation Health in China,2017,26(3):265-269.
[16] Kuo Y H,Tsai W J,Loke S H,et al.Astragalus membranaceus flavonoids (AMF) ameliorate chronic fatigue syndrome induced by food intake restriction plus forced swimming [J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2009,122(1):28-34.
[17] 于文会,张海霞,张春燕,等.中药饲料添加剂对犬生长性能和生理生化指标的影响 [J].中兽医医药杂志,2008,27(4):7-10.Yu W H,Zhang H X,Zhang C Y,et al.Effects of Chinese herbal feed additives on growth performance and partial physiological and biochemical indexes in dogs [J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2008,27(4):7-10.
[18] 余华,黄迪军,王再漠.灸法对脾虚大鼠血清D-木糖含量及红细胞免疫功能的影响 [J].上海针灸杂志,1999,18(2):34-35.Yu H,Huang D J,Wang Z M.Effect of the d-xylose content of serum and RBC immunologic function on model rats of spleen deficiency treated by moxibustion [J].Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,1999,18(2):34-35.
[19] 刘海涛,施家希,黄娟,等.补中益气汤对脾虚泄泻大鼠小肠黏膜修复及葡萄糖吸收相关转运体的影响 [J].中药材,2017,40(5):1178-1183.Liu H T,Shi J X,Huang J,et al.Effects of Buzhong Yiqi decoction on repair of small intestine mucous membrane and glucose absorption-related transporters in rats with diarrhea of spleen deficiency type [J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2017,40(5):1178-1183.
[20] Ye L,Gong J,Wang Y,et al.Pharmacological activities of Sijunzi decoction which are related to its antioxidant properties [J].Journal of Chemistry,2014,2014(33):1-10.
[21] Liu L,Han L,Wong D Y,et al.Effects of Sijunzi decoction polysaccharides on cell migration and gene expression in wounded rat intestinal epithelial cells [J].Br J Nutr,2005,93(1):21-29.
[22] 任丹丹,贺胜男,曹程鸣,等.加味四君子汤对仔猪消化吸收功能及小肠EGF表达的影响 [J].中国兽医科学,2016,46(8):1065-1072.Ren D D,He S N,Cao C M,et al.Effect of supplementary Sijunzi decoction on digestive and absorptive functions and EGF expression of small intestine in piglets [J].Chinese Veterinary Science,2016,46(8):1065-1072.
[23] 吴丽萍,张琨,谢志军.基于“脾失运化”探讨肠道菌群紊乱与肥胖的关系 [J].浙江中医杂志,2017,52(11):790-791.Wu L P,Zhang K,Xie Z J.Study on the relationship between intestinal flora disorder and obesity based on spleen inactivation [J].Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2017,52(11):790-791.
[2] 高擎,金鑫,葛亚中,等.两种健脾产品对脾虚证复合抗生素大鼠模型肠道菌群的影响 [J].中成药,2017,39(10):2155-2159.Gao Q,Jin X,Ge Y Z,et al.Effects of two kinds of spleen-invigorating products on intestinal flora in rat models of spleen deficiency syndrome [J].Chinese Patent Medicine,2017,39(10):2155-2159.
[3] 白世敬,李峰,马捷,等.功能性腹泻脾虚证动物模型的制作与评价思路初探 [J].河北中医,2014,36(4):592-593.Bai S J,Li F,Ma J,et al.Preliminary study on making and evaluating animal models of functional diarrhea and spleen deficiency syndrome [J].Hebei Chinese Medicine,2014,36(4):592-593.
[4] Huang J Y,Nong H,Pei X,et al.Mechanism underlying effect of Sijunzi decoction on intestinal mucosal barrier of mice with ulcerative colitis [J].World Chinese Journal of Digestology,2015,23(27):4326-4334.
[5] 纪云飞,王瑞君,李晓波.复方四君子汤的化学成分和药理作用研究进展 [J].中草药,2016,47(5):837-843.Ji Y F,Wang R J,Li X B.Research progress on chemical consitituents and pharmacological effects of Sijunzi decoction [J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drags,2016,47(5):837-843.
[6] 吕苑.四君子汤的药理研究和临床应用 [J].中医研究,2012,25(1):76-78.Lü Y.Pharmacological research and clinical application of Sijunzi decoction [J].Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2012,25(1):76-78.
[7] 肖新云,邓艳玲,刘又嘉,等.番泻叶所致脾虚泄泻小鼠血常规的研究 [J].湖北中医药大学学报,2016,18(6):49-51.Xiao X Y,Deng Y L,Liu Y J,et al.Effects of folium sennae on blood routine in rats with diarrhea of splenic deficiency type [J].Journal of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,2016,18(6):49-51.
[8] 石达友,李盛强,朱华君,等.四君子汤对脾虚犬体重及部分血清生化指标的影响 [J].动物医学进展,2010,31(9):29-32.Shi D Y,Li S Q,Zhu H J,et al.Effects of decoction of four mild on the body weight and the part of seral biochemical indicators in dogs with syndrome of splenic asthenia [J].Progress in Animal Medicine,2010,31(9):29-32.
[9] 陈学习.脾虚证动物模型复制方法研究概况、评价与思考 [J].中国当代医药,2010,17(33):5-6.Chen X X.Research overview,evaluation and thinking of animal model replication of spleen deficiency syndrome [J].Chinese Contemporary Medicine,2010,17(33):5-6.
[10] 萧惠来.EMA番泻叶和番泻果评估报告及草药专论介绍 [J].药物评价研究,2018,41(2):182-188.Xiao H L.Introduce of EMA assessment report and herbal monographs on senna folium and senna fructus [J].Drug Evaluation Research,2018,41(2):182-188.
[11] 刘佳,郭文峰,任理,等.四君子汤对脾气虚证模型大鼠小肠葡萄糖吸收功能作用的影响 [J].中国中西医结合杂志,2013,33(10):1389-1393.Liu J,Guo W F,Ren L,et al.Effect of Sijunzi decoction on the intestinal glucose absorption in model rats of Pi-qi deficiency syndrome [J].Chinese Journal of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine,2013,33(10):1389-1393.
[12] 刘靖,王凤云,卞立群,等.脾虚理论在功能性腹泻中的应用 [J].环球中医药,2017,10(4):461-464.Liu J,Wang F Y,Bian L Q,et al.Application of spleen deficiency theory in functional diarrhea [J].Global Chinese Medicine,2017,10(4):461-464.
[13] 黄辰,李瑛,赵妍,等.脾虚证动物模型评价方法评述 [J].辽宁中医杂志,2018,45(2):433-437.Huang C,Li Y,Zhao Y,et al.Review of animal model evaluation method of liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency [J].Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2018,45(2):433-437.
[14] 胡洁,彭买姣,罗怀浩,等.番泻叶造模对小鼠肠道微生物及酶活性的影响 [J].中国微生态学杂志,2018,30(2):155-157.Hu J,Peng M J,Luo H H,et al.Effects of senna on the intestinal microbiota and enzyme activity in mice with spleen-deficiency [J].Chinese Journal of Microecology,2018,30(2):155-157.
[15] 曲功霖,李辰,邵帅,等.不同君药四君子汤辐射损伤防护作用的比较研究 [J].中国辐射卫生,2017,26(3):265-269.Qu G L,Li C,Shao S,et al.Comparison of the radiation-protective effection among different types of Sijunzi decoction [J].Radiation Health in China,2017,26(3):265-269.
[16] Kuo Y H,Tsai W J,Loke S H,et al.Astragalus membranaceus flavonoids (AMF) ameliorate chronic fatigue syndrome induced by food intake restriction plus forced swimming [J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2009,122(1):28-34.
[17] 于文会,张海霞,张春燕,等.中药饲料添加剂对犬生长性能和生理生化指标的影响 [J].中兽医医药杂志,2008,27(4):7-10.Yu W H,Zhang H X,Zhang C Y,et al.Effects of Chinese herbal feed additives on growth performance and partial physiological and biochemical indexes in dogs [J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2008,27(4):7-10.
[18] 余华,黄迪军,王再漠.灸法对脾虚大鼠血清D-木糖含量及红细胞免疫功能的影响 [J].上海针灸杂志,1999,18(2):34-35.Yu H,Huang D J,Wang Z M.Effect of the d-xylose content of serum and RBC immunologic function on model rats of spleen deficiency treated by moxibustion [J].Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,1999,18(2):34-35.
[19] 刘海涛,施家希,黄娟,等.补中益气汤对脾虚泄泻大鼠小肠黏膜修复及葡萄糖吸收相关转运体的影响 [J].中药材,2017,40(5):1178-1183.Liu H T,Shi J X,Huang J,et al.Effects of Buzhong Yiqi decoction on repair of small intestine mucous membrane and glucose absorption-related transporters in rats with diarrhea of spleen deficiency type [J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2017,40(5):1178-1183.
[20] Ye L,Gong J,Wang Y,et al.Pharmacological activities of Sijunzi decoction which are related to its antioxidant properties [J].Journal of Chemistry,2014,2014(33):1-10.
[21] Liu L,Han L,Wong D Y,et al.Effects of Sijunzi decoction polysaccharides on cell migration and gene expression in wounded rat intestinal epithelial cells [J].Br J Nutr,2005,93(1):21-29.
[22] 任丹丹,贺胜男,曹程鸣,等.加味四君子汤对仔猪消化吸收功能及小肠EGF表达的影响 [J].中国兽医科学,2016,46(8):1065-1072.Ren D D,He S N,Cao C M,et al.Effect of supplementary Sijunzi decoction on digestive and absorptive functions and EGF expression of small intestine in piglets [J].Chinese Veterinary Science,2016,46(8):1065-1072.
[23] 吴丽萍,张琨,谢志军.基于“脾失运化”探讨肠道菌群紊乱与肥胖的关系 [J].浙江中医杂志,2017,52(11):790-791.Wu L P,Zhang K,Xie Z J.Study on the relationship between intestinal flora disorder and obesity based on spleen inactivation [J].Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2017,52(11):790-791.