磁性锆铁改性膨润土添加对河道底泥磷迁移与形态转化的影响
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摘要
首先采用Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)、溶解性锆盐、膨润土和碱液作为原料制备得到了一种磁性锆铁改性膨润土,再通过底泥培养实验考察了磁性锆铁改性膨润土添加对底泥中磷迁移与形态转化的影响.结果表明,在缺氧条件下,河道底泥中磷会被释放进入间隙水中,继而会被释放进入上覆水中,而磁性锆铁改性膨润土添加可以极大地降低底泥中磷向间隙水的迁移通量,最终导致了上覆水中磷数量的显著下降.此外,添加磁性锆铁改性膨润土不仅促使底泥中弱吸附态磷(Liable-P)和氧化还原敏感态磷(BD-P)这2种容易释放态磷向较为稳定的金属氧化物结合态磷(NaOH-rP)和非常稳定的残渣态磷(Res-P)转变,而且降低了底泥中水溶性磷(WSP)、易解吸磷(RDP)、NaHCO_3可提取磷(Olsen-P)、藻类可利用磷(AAP)和铁氧化物-滤纸提取磷(FeO-P)这5种不同类型生物有效态磷(BAP)含量,从而降低了底泥中磷的释放风险.从底泥中分离出来的磁性锆铁改性膨润土中潜在活性磷(NH4Cl-P+BD-P)占总磷的26%左右,且含一定数量的FeO-P和Olsen-P(含量分别为161 mg·kg~(-1)和127mg·kg~(-1)).因此,及时采用磁分离的方式从底泥中将吸附磷后的磁性锆铁改性膨润土回收是非常必要的.磁性锆铁改性膨润土添加控制河道底泥中磷释放的机制是:改良剂通过对底泥中潜在活性磷和生物有效态磷的钝化作用,以及通过对间隙水中磷的吸附作用,降低了底泥中磷向间隙水的释放风险,导致间隙水中磷浓度的下降,进而降低了底泥-上覆水界面磷的扩散通量,最终导致上覆水中磷浓度的下降.以上结果说明,磁性锆铁改性膨润土是一种非常有希望的用于控制河道底泥中磷释放的改良剂.
A magnetic zirconium/iron-modified bentonite( ZrFeBT) was prepared,and the effect of ZrFeBT addition on the mobilization and species transformation of P in river sediments was investigated using incubation sediment core experiments. The results showed that,under anoxic conditions,P could be released from river sediments into the pore water,and then P in the pore water could be released into the overlying water. The addition of ZrFeBT into river sediments could greatly suppress the release of P from river sediments into the pore water under anoxic conditions. Therefore,the release of P from the pore water into the overlying water could be significantly suppressed by the addition of ZrFeBT. After the addition of ZrFeBT into river sediments,the transformation of loosely sorbed P( Labile-P) and BD extractable P( BD-P) to Na OH extractable P( Na OH-rP) and residual P( Res-P) in the sediments was observed. The decrease of bioavailable P( BAP) including water soluble P( WSP),readily desorbable P( RDP),NaHCO_3 extractable P( Olsen-P),algal available P( AAP),and Fe oxide-paper extractable P( Fe O-P) in the sediments was also observed. A certain amount of P in the ZrFeBT after the incubation experiment was present in the form of mobile P( Labile-P and BD-P),Olsen-P,and Fe O-P,which could be re-released into the pore water and overlying water when the environmental conditions change in the future.The control of P release from river sediment into the overlying water by the addition of ZrFeBT could be mainly attributed to the reduction of P in the pore water as well as the reduction of mobile P and BAP in the sediments after ZrFeBT amendment. The results of this study inidcated that ZrFeBT is a promising amendment for the regulation of P release from river sediments into the overlying water.
A magnetic zirconium/iron-modified bentonite( ZrFeBT) was prepared,and the effect of ZrFeBT addition on the mobilization and species transformation of P in river sediments was investigated using incubation sediment core experiments. The results showed that,under anoxic conditions,P could be released from river sediments into the pore water,and then P in the pore water could be released into the overlying water. The addition of ZrFeBT into river sediments could greatly suppress the release of P from river sediments into the pore water under anoxic conditions. Therefore,the release of P from the pore water into the overlying water could be significantly suppressed by the addition of ZrFeBT. After the addition of ZrFeBT into river sediments,the transformation of loosely sorbed P( Labile-P) and BD extractable P( BD-P) to Na OH extractable P( Na OH-rP) and residual P( Res-P) in the sediments was observed. The decrease of bioavailable P( BAP) including water soluble P( WSP),readily desorbable P( RDP),NaHCO_3 extractable P( Olsen-P),algal available P( AAP),and Fe oxide-paper extractable P( Fe O-P) in the sediments was also observed. A certain amount of P in the ZrFeBT after the incubation experiment was present in the form of mobile P( Labile-P and BD-P),Olsen-P,and Fe O-P,which could be re-released into the pore water and overlying water when the environmental conditions change in the future.The control of P release from river sediment into the overlying water by the addition of ZrFeBT could be mainly attributed to the reduction of P in the pore water as well as the reduction of mobile P and BAP in the sediments after ZrFeBT amendment. The results of this study inidcated that ZrFeBT is a promising amendment for the regulation of P release from river sediments into the overlying water.
引文
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[5]刘子森,张义,王川,等.改性膨润土和沉水植物联合作用处理沉积物磷[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(2):665-674.Liu Z S,Zhang Y, Wang C, et al. Synergistic removal of sediment P by combining the modified bentonite and Vallisneria spiralis[J]. China Environmental Science,2018,38(2):665-674.
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[7]汪建华,王文浩,何岩,等.原位曝气修复黑臭河道底泥内源营养盐的示范工程效能分析[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(9):5301-5307.Wang J H,Wang W H,He Y,et al. Analysis of performances of pilot-scale in-situ aeration remediation for endogenous nutrients in malodorous river sediments[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(9):5301-5307.
[8] Liu X N,Tao Y,Zhou K Y,et al. Effect of water quality improvement on the remediation of river sediment due to the addition of calcium nitrate[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,575:887-894.
[9] Lin J,Sun Q,Ding S M,et al. Mobile phosphorus stratification in sediments by aluminum immobilization[J]. Chemosphere,2017,186:644-651.
[10]丁帅,王圣瑞,张蕊,等.滇池水生植物分布对沉积物间隙水磷浓度的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(10):3828-3834.Ding S,Wang S R,Zhang R,et al. Concentration of phosphorus in sediments interstitial water as affected by distribution of aquatic plants in Dianchi Lake[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(10):3828-3834.
[11] Wang C H,Bai L L,Pei Y S. Assessing the stability of phosphorus in lake sediments amended with water treatment residuals[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2013,122:31-36.
[12] Wang C H,He R,Wu Y,et al. Bioavailable phosphorus(P)reduction is less than mobile P immobilization in lake sediment for eutrophication control by inactivating agents[J]. Water Research,2017,109:196-206.
[13] Wang C H,Liang J C,Pei Y S,et al. A method for determining the treatment dosage of drinking water treatment residuals for effective phosphorus immobilization in sediments[J]. Ecological Engineering,2013,60:421-427.
[14] Meis S,Spears B M,Maberly S C,et al. Sediment amendment with Phoslockin Clatto Reservoir(Dundee, UK):Investigating changes in sediment elemental composition and phosphorus fractionation[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2012,93(1):185-193.
[15]刘新,王秀,赵珍,等.风浪扰动对底泥内源磷钝化效果的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(8):3064-3071.Liu X, Wang X, Zhao Z, et al. Effect of wind and wave disturbance on passivation of internal phosphorus in sediment[J]. China Environmental Science,2017,37(8):3064-3071.
[16] Yin H B,Han M X,Tang W Y. Phosphorus sorption and supply from eutrophic lake sediment amended with thermally-treated calcium-rich attapulgite and a safety evaluation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,285:671-678.
[17] Yin H B,Kong M,Han M X,et al. Influence of sediment resuspension on the efficacy of geoengineering materials in the control of internal phosphorous loading from shallow eutrophic lakes[J]. Environmental Pollution,2016,219:568-579.
[18] Li C J,Yu H X,Tabassum S,et al. Effect of calcium silicate hydrates(CSH)on phosphorus immobilization and speciation in shallow lake sediment[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,317:844-853.
[19]杨孟娟,林建伟,詹艳慧,等.铝和锆改性沸石对太湖底泥-水系统中溶解性磷酸盐的固定作用[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(11):1351-1359.Yang M J, Lin J W, Zhan Y H, et al. Immobilization of phosphate in Taihu Lake sediment-water systems using aluminummodified zeolites and zirconium-modified zeolites as amendments[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(11):1351-1359.
[20] Yang M J,Lin J W,Zhan Y H,et al. Immobilization of phosphorus from water and sediment using zirconium-modified zeolites[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(5):3606-3619.
[21] Yang M J,Lin J W,Zhan Y H,et al. Adsorption of phosphate from water on lake sediments amended with zirconium-modified zeolites in batch mode[J]. Ecological Engineering,2014,71:223-233.
[22] Lin J W,Wang H,Zhan Y H,et al. Evaluation of sediment amendment with zirconium-reacted bentonite to control phosphorus release[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(11):942.
[23] Fan Y,Li Y W,Wu D Y,et al. Application of zeolite/hydrous zirconia composite as a novel sediment capping material to immobilize phosphorus[J]. Water Research,2017,123:1-11.
[24] Funes A, de Vicente J, Cruz-Pizarro L, et al. Magnetic microparticles as a new tool for lake restoration:a microcosm experiment for evaluating the impact on phosphorus fluxes and sedimentary phosphorus pools[J]. Water Research,2016,89:366-374.
[25] Funes A,del Arco A,álvarez-Manzaneda I,et al. A microcosm experiment to determine the consequences of magnetic microparticles application on water quality and sediment phosphorus pools[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,579:245-253.
[26] Rydin E. Potentially mobile phosphorus in Lake Erken sediment[J]. Water Research,2000,34(7):2037-2042.
[27] Wang C H, Bai L L, Jiang H L, et al. Algal bloom sedimentation induces variable control of lake eutrophication by phosphorus inactivating agents[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2016,557-558:479-488.
[28]何思琪,张薇,林建伟,等.锆改性沸石添加对重污染河道底泥磷释放和钝化的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(9):215-224.HE S Q,Zhang W,Lin J W,et al. Effect of zirconium-modified zeolite addition on phosphorus release and immobilization in heavily polluted river sediment[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(9):215-224.
[29]黄清辉,王子健.淡水环境磷的生物有效性评估方法的发展动态[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(3):132-136.Huang Q H,Wang Z J. Review on the development trend of the methods assessing phosphorus bioavailability in freshwater environment[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2006,6(3):132-136.
[30]李乐,王圣瑞,焦立新,等.滇池柱状沉积物磷形态垂向变化及对释放的贡献[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3384-3393.Li L, Wang S R, Jiao L X, et al. Vertical variation of phosphorus forms in lake dianchi and contribution to Release[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(9):3384-3393.
[31] Soliman N F,El Zokm G M,Okbah M A. Evaluation of phosphorus bioavailability in El Mex Bay and Lake Mariut sediments[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research,2017,32(3):432-441.
[32] Gu B W,Lee C G,Lee T G,et al. Evaluation of sediment capping with activated carbon and nonwoven fabric mat to interrupt nutrient release from lake sediments[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,599-600:413-421.
[33] Jiang X,Jin X C,Yao Y,et al. Effects of biological activity,light,temperature and oxygen on phosphorus release processes at the sediment and water interface of Taihu Lake,China[J].Water Research,2008,42(8-9):2251-2259.
[34] Yu J H,Ding S M,Zhong J C,et al. Evaluation of simulated dredging to control internal phosphorus release from sediments:Focused on phosphorus transfer and resupply across the sedimentwater interface[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2017,592:662-673.
[35]望雪,程豹,杨正健,等.澜沧江流域沉积物间隙水-上覆水营养盐特征与交换通量分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2126-2134.Wang X,Cheng B,Yang Z J,et al. Differences in diffusive fluxes of nutrients from sediment between the natural river areas and reservoirs in the Lancang River Basin[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(5):2126-2134.
[36] Wang C H, Qi Y, Pei Y S. Laboratory investigation of phosphorus immobilization in lake sediments using water treatment residuals[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,209:379-385.
[37] Wang C H,Pei Y S. Effects of light,microbial activity,and sediment resuspension on the phosphorus immobilization capability of drinking water treatment residuals in lake sediment[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(12):8900-8908.
[2] Chen M S,Ding S M,Chen X,et al. Mechanisms driving phosphorus release during algal blooms based on hourly changes in iron and phosphorus concentrations in sediments[J]. Water Research,2018,133:153-164.
[3]张志斌,周光军,魏垒垒,等.主要理化因子对南四湖底泥磷释放的影响[J].山东建筑大学学报,2010,25(6):637-641.Zhang Z B, Zhou G J, Wei L L, et al. Effect of main physicochemical factors on the release of phosphorus from Nansi Lake sediment[J]. Journal of Shandong Jianzhu University,2010,25(6):637-641.
[4]王一茹,王圣瑞,焦立新,等.滇池草海间隙水与上覆水氮磷时空变化特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(6):2336-2344.Wang Y R,Wang S R,Jiao L X,et al. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment pore water and overlying water of Dianchi Caohai Lake[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(6):2336-2344.
[5]刘子森,张义,王川,等.改性膨润土和沉水植物联合作用处理沉积物磷[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(2):665-674.Liu Z S,Zhang Y, Wang C, et al. Synergistic removal of sediment P by combining the modified bentonite and Vallisneria spiralis[J]. China Environmental Science,2018,38(2):665-674.
[6]林建伟,朱志良,赵建夫,等.方解石活性覆盖系统抑制底泥磷释放的影响因素研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(1):121-126.Lin J W,Zhu Z L,Zhao J F,et al. Influencing factors of calcite active barrier system to control phosphorus release from sediments[J]. Environmental Science,2008,29(1):121-126.
[7]汪建华,王文浩,何岩,等.原位曝气修复黑臭河道底泥内源营养盐的示范工程效能分析[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(9):5301-5307.Wang J H,Wang W H,He Y,et al. Analysis of performances of pilot-scale in-situ aeration remediation for endogenous nutrients in malodorous river sediments[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(9):5301-5307.
[8] Liu X N,Tao Y,Zhou K Y,et al. Effect of water quality improvement on the remediation of river sediment due to the addition of calcium nitrate[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,575:887-894.
[9] Lin J,Sun Q,Ding S M,et al. Mobile phosphorus stratification in sediments by aluminum immobilization[J]. Chemosphere,2017,186:644-651.
[10]丁帅,王圣瑞,张蕊,等.滇池水生植物分布对沉积物间隙水磷浓度的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(10):3828-3834.Ding S,Wang S R,Zhang R,et al. Concentration of phosphorus in sediments interstitial water as affected by distribution of aquatic plants in Dianchi Lake[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(10):3828-3834.
[11] Wang C H,Bai L L,Pei Y S. Assessing the stability of phosphorus in lake sediments amended with water treatment residuals[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2013,122:31-36.
[12] Wang C H,He R,Wu Y,et al. Bioavailable phosphorus(P)reduction is less than mobile P immobilization in lake sediment for eutrophication control by inactivating agents[J]. Water Research,2017,109:196-206.
[13] Wang C H,Liang J C,Pei Y S,et al. A method for determining the treatment dosage of drinking water treatment residuals for effective phosphorus immobilization in sediments[J]. Ecological Engineering,2013,60:421-427.
[14] Meis S,Spears B M,Maberly S C,et al. Sediment amendment with Phoslockin Clatto Reservoir(Dundee, UK):Investigating changes in sediment elemental composition and phosphorus fractionation[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2012,93(1):185-193.
[15]刘新,王秀,赵珍,等.风浪扰动对底泥内源磷钝化效果的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(8):3064-3071.Liu X, Wang X, Zhao Z, et al. Effect of wind and wave disturbance on passivation of internal phosphorus in sediment[J]. China Environmental Science,2017,37(8):3064-3071.
[16] Yin H B,Han M X,Tang W Y. Phosphorus sorption and supply from eutrophic lake sediment amended with thermally-treated calcium-rich attapulgite and a safety evaluation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,285:671-678.
[17] Yin H B,Kong M,Han M X,et al. Influence of sediment resuspension on the efficacy of geoengineering materials in the control of internal phosphorous loading from shallow eutrophic lakes[J]. Environmental Pollution,2016,219:568-579.
[18] Li C J,Yu H X,Tabassum S,et al. Effect of calcium silicate hydrates(CSH)on phosphorus immobilization and speciation in shallow lake sediment[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,317:844-853.
[19]杨孟娟,林建伟,詹艳慧,等.铝和锆改性沸石对太湖底泥-水系统中溶解性磷酸盐的固定作用[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(11):1351-1359.Yang M J, Lin J W, Zhan Y H, et al. Immobilization of phosphate in Taihu Lake sediment-water systems using aluminummodified zeolites and zirconium-modified zeolites as amendments[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(11):1351-1359.
[20] Yang M J,Lin J W,Zhan Y H,et al. Immobilization of phosphorus from water and sediment using zirconium-modified zeolites[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(5):3606-3619.
[21] Yang M J,Lin J W,Zhan Y H,et al. Adsorption of phosphate from water on lake sediments amended with zirconium-modified zeolites in batch mode[J]. Ecological Engineering,2014,71:223-233.
[22] Lin J W,Wang H,Zhan Y H,et al. Evaluation of sediment amendment with zirconium-reacted bentonite to control phosphorus release[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(11):942.
[23] Fan Y,Li Y W,Wu D Y,et al. Application of zeolite/hydrous zirconia composite as a novel sediment capping material to immobilize phosphorus[J]. Water Research,2017,123:1-11.
[24] Funes A, de Vicente J, Cruz-Pizarro L, et al. Magnetic microparticles as a new tool for lake restoration:a microcosm experiment for evaluating the impact on phosphorus fluxes and sedimentary phosphorus pools[J]. Water Research,2016,89:366-374.
[25] Funes A,del Arco A,álvarez-Manzaneda I,et al. A microcosm experiment to determine the consequences of magnetic microparticles application on water quality and sediment phosphorus pools[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,579:245-253.
[26] Rydin E. Potentially mobile phosphorus in Lake Erken sediment[J]. Water Research,2000,34(7):2037-2042.
[27] Wang C H, Bai L L, Jiang H L, et al. Algal bloom sedimentation induces variable control of lake eutrophication by phosphorus inactivating agents[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2016,557-558:479-488.
[28]何思琪,张薇,林建伟,等.锆改性沸石添加对重污染河道底泥磷释放和钝化的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(9):215-224.HE S Q,Zhang W,Lin J W,et al. Effect of zirconium-modified zeolite addition on phosphorus release and immobilization in heavily polluted river sediment[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(9):215-224.
[29]黄清辉,王子健.淡水环境磷的生物有效性评估方法的发展动态[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(3):132-136.Huang Q H,Wang Z J. Review on the development trend of the methods assessing phosphorus bioavailability in freshwater environment[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2006,6(3):132-136.
[30]李乐,王圣瑞,焦立新,等.滇池柱状沉积物磷形态垂向变化及对释放的贡献[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3384-3393.Li L, Wang S R, Jiao L X, et al. Vertical variation of phosphorus forms in lake dianchi and contribution to Release[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(9):3384-3393.
[31] Soliman N F,El Zokm G M,Okbah M A. Evaluation of phosphorus bioavailability in El Mex Bay and Lake Mariut sediments[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research,2017,32(3):432-441.
[32] Gu B W,Lee C G,Lee T G,et al. Evaluation of sediment capping with activated carbon and nonwoven fabric mat to interrupt nutrient release from lake sediments[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,599-600:413-421.
[33] Jiang X,Jin X C,Yao Y,et al. Effects of biological activity,light,temperature and oxygen on phosphorus release processes at the sediment and water interface of Taihu Lake,China[J].Water Research,2008,42(8-9):2251-2259.
[34] Yu J H,Ding S M,Zhong J C,et al. Evaluation of simulated dredging to control internal phosphorus release from sediments:Focused on phosphorus transfer and resupply across the sedimentwater interface[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2017,592:662-673.
[35]望雪,程豹,杨正健,等.澜沧江流域沉积物间隙水-上覆水营养盐特征与交换通量分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2126-2134.Wang X,Cheng B,Yang Z J,et al. Differences in diffusive fluxes of nutrients from sediment between the natural river areas and reservoirs in the Lancang River Basin[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(5):2126-2134.
[36] Wang C H, Qi Y, Pei Y S. Laboratory investigation of phosphorus immobilization in lake sediments using water treatment residuals[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,209:379-385.
[37] Wang C H,Pei Y S. Effects of light,microbial activity,and sediment resuspension on the phosphorus immobilization capability of drinking water treatment residuals in lake sediment[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(12):8900-8908.