从小说《信号员》看维多利亚时代的技术文化
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摘要
维多利亚时代是一个英国的"黄金时代",社会生活的各个方面都取得了辉煌的成就,而成就的取得很大程度上依赖于高度发达的技术。可以说,技术是这个时代的核心议题之一。但是,在这个时代,技术不仅是一种外在性的现象,也是一种内在性的文化。本文以维多利亚时代铁路大发展作为背景,通过解读狄更斯的短篇小说《信号员》,从技术社会史的视角展开对这种技术文化的分析。作者认为技术在维多利亚时代呈现了高度不确定性,而这种不确定性渗透到了人的内心深处。与此同时,在这个社会中成长起来的技术文化又反过来推动了整个社会的变革。
The Victorian era is the "Golden Time" of Britain,making a number of brilliant achievements in various aspects of social life.The fact is that these achievements largely rely on highly-developed technology.Consequently,technology should be one of the core issues in Victorian era.However,in the era,technology is not only a kind of extrinsic phenomenon,but also a kind of inherent culture.The article makes the great development of railway in Britain as the background and then shows the technological culture from the perspective of social history of technology by interpreting the short story "The Signalman" written by Charles Dickens.The conclusion is that technology in Victorian era has high uncertainty while this kind of uncertainty is deeply penetrated into men's minds.Meanwhile,this technological culture growing in Victorian era promotes social changes of Britain in return.Technological culture can be a significant approach to view the Victorian era.
The Victorian era is the "Golden Time" of Britain,making a number of brilliant achievements in various aspects of social life.The fact is that these achievements largely rely on highly-developed technology.Consequently,technology should be one of the core issues in Victorian era.However,in the era,technology is not only a kind of extrinsic phenomenon,but also a kind of inherent culture.The article makes the great development of railway in Britain as the background and then shows the technological culture from the perspective of social history of technology by interpreting the short story "The Signalman" written by Charles Dickens.The conclusion is that technology in Victorian era has high uncertainty while this kind of uncertainty is deeply penetrated into men's minds.Meanwhile,this technological culture growing in Victorian era promotes social changes of Britain in return.Technological culture can be a significant approach to view the Victorian era.
引文
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[14]王辉,刘冲,颜色.清末民初铁路建设对中国长期经济发展的影响[J].经济学报.2014.1(3):1—20.
[15]郑延慧.工业革命的主角[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社.1999.
[16]Stephenson,R..Address of Robert Stephenson on his election as President of Institution of Civil Engineers[M].London:Clowes&Sons.1856.
[17]Simmons,J..The Victorian Railway[M].London:Thames&Hudson.1991.
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[19]朱虹.市场上的作家——另一个狄更斯[J].外国文学评论.1989.(4):89—96.
[20]Pope,N..Dickens's"The Signal Man"and Information Problems in the Railway Age[J].Technology and Culture.2001.42(3):436—461.
[21]道宾.打造产业政策:铁路时代的美国、英国和法国[M].上海:上海人民出版社.2008.
[2]阿克罗伊德.狄更斯传[M].包雨苗译.北京:北京师范大学出版社.2015.
[3]高晓玲.托马斯·卡莱尔的知识话语研究[J].外国文学评论.2014.(4):114—127.
[4]王浩强.工业革命的盛宴:1851年伦敦万国博览会[J].科学文化评论.2009.6(3):82—96.
[5]马克思.资本论[M].马克思恩格斯全集(23).中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译.北京:人民出版社.2002.
[6]Marshall,D..Industrial England 1776—1851[M].London:Routledge&Kegan Paul Press.1982.
[7]绍伊博尔德.海德格尔分析新时代的科技[M].宋祖良译.北京:中国社会科学出版社.1993.
[8]黄漫,刘同舫.现代技术文化之拯救与超越——以海德格尔的技术文化观为基点[J].自然辩证法通讯.2010.32(3):87—92.
[9]徐奉臻.梳理与反思:技术乐观主义思潮[J].学术交流.2000.93(6):14—18.
[10]张金凤.爱恨交织的机器情结——19世纪西方对技术的追问与乌托邦小说[J].外国文学.2013.(2):141—148.
[11]宋严萍.英国工业革命时期工业资产阶级研究[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社.2006.
[12]克拉潘.现代英国经济史(上卷)[M].姚曾虞译.北京:商务印书馆.2009.
[13]吕宁.工业革命的科技奇迹[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社.2013.
[14]王辉,刘冲,颜色.清末民初铁路建设对中国长期经济发展的影响[J].经济学报.2014.1(3):1—20.
[15]郑延慧.工业革命的主角[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社.1999.
[16]Stephenson,R..Address of Robert Stephenson on his election as President of Institution of Civil Engineers[M].London:Clowes&Sons.1856.
[17]Simmons,J..The Victorian Railway[M].London:Thames&Hudson.1991.
[18]狄更斯.中短篇小说选[M].项星耀译.上海:上海译文出版社.2013.
[19]朱虹.市场上的作家——另一个狄更斯[J].外国文学评论.1989.(4):89—96.
[20]Pope,N..Dickens's"The Signal Man"and Information Problems in the Railway Age[J].Technology and Culture.2001.42(3):436—461.
[21]道宾.打造产业政策:铁路时代的美国、英国和法国[M].上海:上海人民出版社.2008.