欧盟数字化贫困治理战略、实践及启示
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摘要
信息社会中数字技术的迅速发展催生了数字化贫困问题,而欧盟通过系列数字化贫困战略的实施,实现了数字化贫困的有效治理。文章在阐述数字化贫困内涵和总结欧盟数字化贫困治理战略的基础上,采用数字技术接入累积递归模型,从政策和法律保障层面分析了欧盟社会数字化意识和理念的培养举措;从贫困地区数字化基础设施建设与弱势群体数字化服务完善角度探索了欧盟数字化物理贫困的削减措施;从政府、学校、图书馆多维度探究了欧盟在数字化技能和数字资源利用层面的贫困治理实践。最后从数字化理念的普及、数字化贫困区域与群体的划分、社会各层面数字化贫困治理的联动三个方面提出了欧盟数字化贫困治理对我国的启示。
With rapid development of digital technology, digital poverty has become a serious problem. European Union(EU) has made great achievements in the alleviation of digital poverty through a series of digital strategies. Based on the connotation of digital poverty, this study summarizes the strategies of digital poverty alleviation in EU. Using the cumulative and recursive model of access to digital technology, this study introduces the practice to improve people's digital consciousness from policies and laws. Taking infrastructure construction in poor area and digital service of disadvantaged groups into consideration, the research investigates the methods of digital poverty alleviation in physical dimension. By analyzing the digital literacy education of government, schools and libraries, the study examines the practice to improve digital skills and promote digital resource utilization.
With rapid development of digital technology, digital poverty has become a serious problem. European Union(EU) has made great achievements in the alleviation of digital poverty through a series of digital strategies. Based on the connotation of digital poverty, this study summarizes the strategies of digital poverty alleviation in EU. Using the cumulative and recursive model of access to digital technology, this study introduces the practice to improve people's digital consciousness from policies and laws. Taking infrastructure construction in poor area and digital service of disadvantaged groups into consideration, the research investigates the methods of digital poverty alleviation in physical dimension. By analyzing the digital literacy education of government, schools and libraries, the study examines the practice to improve digital skills and promote digital resource utilization.
引文
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[25]孙彦红.欧盟信息通讯技术产业政策述评[J].欧洲研究,2008(6):34-51.
[26]European Parliament and of the Council.Affordable telecommunications services-users'rights[EB/OL].[2018-10-11].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=legissum:l24108h.
[27]European Network for Rural Development.Hageland online[EB/OL].[2018-10-06].https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects-practice/hageland-online_en.
[28]European Network for Rural Development.Broadband Fibre in魻stra Br覿cke[EB/OL].[2018-10-06].https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects-practice/broadband-fibre-ostra-bracke_en.
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[30]European Network for Rural Development.Digi-Hub for Elderly People[EB/OL].[2018-10-06].https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects-practice/digi-hub-elderly-people_en.
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[33]唐思慧.欧盟电子政务信息公平保障的经验与借鉴[J].电子政务,2008(11):112-117.
[34]GOV.UK.Assistive technology tools you can test with at no cost[EB/OL].[2018-10-05].https://accessibility.blog.gov.uk/2018/09/27/assistive-technology-tools-you-can-use-at-no-cost/.
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[37]CEDEFOP.Portugal:VET and employment for those with disabilities[EB/OL].[2018-10-06].http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/news-and-press/news/portugal-vet-and-employment-those-disabilities.
[38]European Commission.What is Erasmus+?[EB/OL].[2018-10-16].http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/erasmus-plus/about_en.
[39]许欢,尚闻一.美国、欧洲、日本、中国数字素养培养模式发展述评[J].图书情报工作,2017,61(16):98-106.
[40]European Union.Digital agenda for Europe[EB/OL].[2018-10-09].https://europa.eu/european-union/topics/digital-economy-society_en.
[41]任友群,随晓筱,刘新阳.欧盟数字素养框架研究[J].现代远程教育研究,2014(5):3-12.
[42]European Commission.Education,Training,Youth and Sport[EB/OL].[2018-11-18].https://europa.eu/european-union/file/1063/download_en?token=70063GiJ.
[43]联合国教科文组织.媒介信息素养巴黎宣言正式通过[EB/OL].[2018-10-08].http://www.unesco.org/new/zh/communication-and-information/resources/news-and-in-focus-articles/in-focus-articles/2014/paris-declaration-on-media-and-information-literacy-adopted/.
[44]Open Education Europa.eLSe Academy-eLearning for senior citizens[EB/OL].[2018-10-22].https://www.openeducationeuropa.eu/en/project/else.
[45]杨国庆,韩益鹏.剖析和借鉴英国高校信息素养教育[J].图书馆建设,2009(5):78-83.
[46]胡永斌,李馨,赵云建.欧盟学校教育信息化发展现状---访欧盟iTEC“未来教室”项目负责人威尔·埃利斯博士[J].中国电化教育,2016(2):121-125.
[47]王娜.欧盟数字图书馆Europeana建设研究及启示[J].图书馆学刊,2017(10):135-138.
[48]SCONUL.SCONUL:Digital Literacies[EB/OL].[2018-10-09].https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20140614084534/http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/elearning/developingdigitalliteracies/sconul.aspx.
[49]李传颖.英国图书馆特殊群体服务及其对我国的启示[J].情报理论与实践,2016(10):140-144.
[50]张毓晗,刘静.英国白玫瑰大学联盟图书馆数字素养教育实践与启示[J].图书情报工作,2018,62(8):54-59.
[51]张毓晗,张宇娥.英国约克大学图书馆学科服务的特点与启示[J].图书情报工作,2016,60(22):82-87.
[52]王永丹,朱丹.德国公共图书馆少儿服务见闻[J].图书馆界,2015(2):88-90.
[53]孙会清.德国明斯特监狱图书馆服务[J].图书馆论坛,2016(5):129-134.
[54]Skov A,Skarbak H.Fighting an uphill battle:teaching information literacy in Danish institutions of higher education[J].Library Review,2003,52(7):330.
[55]贾二鹏,谷秀洁.北欧信息素养教育进展[J].图书与情报,2011(6):60-65.
[56]欧罗巴那数字图书馆、奥地利国家图书馆与谷歌公司合作推进欧洲文化遗产向公众开放[J].国家图书馆学刊,2014(6):76.
[2]闫慧,闫希敏.农民数字化贫困自我归因分析及启示---来自皖甘津的田野调查[J].中国图书馆学报,2014,40(5):68-81.
[3]闫慧.“雪中送炭”还是“锦上添花”?---社会网络对消减数字化贫困的价值探究[J].中国图书馆学报,2018,44(2):17-26.
[4]金明生,金璐.图书馆信息扶贫的驱动因素、路径选择及其引申[J].中国图书馆学报,2009,35(6):25-28.
[5]严贝妮,万晓庆.我国公共图书馆文化精准扶贫的实践与思考---基于案例的解析[J].图书馆学研究,2018(18):40-43.
[6]闫慧,孙立立.1989年以来国内外数字鸿沟研究回顾:内涵、表现维度及影响因素综述[J].中国图书馆学报,2012,38(5):82-94.
[7]闫慧.农民数字化贫困的结构性成因分析[J].中国图书馆学报,2017,43(2):24-39.
[8]孙红蕾,钱鹏,郑建明.信息生态视域下新市民信息贫困成因及应对策略[J].图书与情报,2016(1):23-28.
[9]刘亚.将青少年纳入信息贫困研究视野:来自青少年信息行为研究的证据[J].中国图书馆学报,2012,38(4):12-20.
[10]朱明.国外少数族裔信息贫困成因及对策研究述评[J].图书馆学研究,2017(10):11-15.
[11]European Commission.Europe's Digital Progress Report[EB/OL].[2018-08-20].https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/european-digital-progress-report.
[12]鲁泽霖.欧盟数字经济政策发展演进[J].合作经济与科技,2018(20):24-25.
[13]European Union.eEurope-An information society for all[EB/OL].[2018-08-28].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:l24221.
[14]European Union.eContentplus(2005-2008)[EB/OL].[2018-09-10].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=legissum:l24226g.
[15]European Commission.i2010:Information Society and the media working towards growth and jobs[EB/OL].[2018-10-01].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:c11328.
[16]Communication from the Commission to the Council,the European Parliament,the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions.Electronic skills for the 21st century:fostering competitiveness,growth and jobs[EB/OL].[2018-10-11].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=legissum:l24293.
[17]European Commission.Europe 2020 strategy[EB/OL].[2018-10-09].https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/economic-and-fiscal-policy-coordination/eu-economic-governance-monitoring-prevention-correction/european-semester/framework/europe-2020-strategy_en.
[18]European Commission.Digital Agenda for Europe[EB/OL].[2018-10-10].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:si0016.
[19]European Parliament and of the Council.Unlocking the economic potential of government-owned data[EB/OL].[2018-10-11].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=legissum:310201_1.
[20]European Commission.Digital single market[EB/OL].[2018-10-10].https://ec.europa.eu/commission/priorities/digital-single-market_en.
[21]European Commission.New Skills Agenda for Europe[EB/OL].[2018-10-11].http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1223&langId=en.
[22]van Dijk J.A framework for digital divide research[J].Electronic Journal of Communication,2002,12(1):2.
[23]van Dijk J.The digital divide in Europe[EB/OL].[2018-10-06].https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jan_Agm_Van_Dijk/publication/265074677_The_Digital_Divide_in_Europe/links/56cb330108ae5488f0dae83a/The-Digital-Divide-in-Europe.pdf.
[24]European Commission.Development of Community research-commitments 1984-2013[EB/OL].[2018-10-16].http://ec.europa.eu/research/fp7/pdf/fp-1984-2013_en.pdf#view=fit&pagemode=none.
[25]孙彦红.欧盟信息通讯技术产业政策述评[J].欧洲研究,2008(6):34-51.
[26]European Parliament and of the Council.Affordable telecommunications services-users'rights[EB/OL].[2018-10-11].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=legissum:l24108h.
[27]European Network for Rural Development.Hageland online[EB/OL].[2018-10-06].https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects-practice/hageland-online_en.
[28]European Network for Rural Development.Broadband Fibre in魻stra Br覿cke[EB/OL].[2018-10-06].https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects-practice/broadband-fibre-ostra-bracke_en.
[29]European Network for Rural Development.Knowledge transfer programme on organic farming[EB/OL].[2018-10-06].https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects-practice/knowledge-transfer-programme-organic-farming_en.
[30]European Network for Rural Development.Digi-Hub for Elderly People[EB/OL].[2018-10-06].https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects-practice/digi-hub-elderly-people_en.
[31]European Network for Rural Development.Breitbandausbau Nordhessen-bridging the digital divide in rural areas[EB/OL].[2018-10-06].https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects-practice/breitbandausbau-nordhessen-bridging-digital-divide-rural-areas_en.
[32]European Network for Rural Development.GIS-ELA-Geo Information Systems for the Austrian Agriculture[EB/OL].[2018-10-06].https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/projects-practice/gis-ela-geo-information-systems-austrian-agriculture_en.
[33]唐思慧.欧盟电子政务信息公平保障的经验与借鉴[J].电子政务,2008(11):112-117.
[34]GOV.UK.Assistive technology tools you can test with at no cost[EB/OL].[2018-10-05].https://accessibility.blog.gov.uk/2018/09/27/assistive-technology-tools-you-can-use-at-no-cost/.
[35]Goverment Offices of Sweden.The Government of Sweden[EB/OL].[2018-10-05].https://www.government.se/.
[36]CEDEFOP.Germany-Improved chances on the labour market for people with disabilities[EB/OL].[2018-10-06].http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/news-and-press/news/germany-improved-chances-labour-market-people-disabilities.
[37]CEDEFOP.Portugal:VET and employment for those with disabilities[EB/OL].[2018-10-06].http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/news-and-press/news/portugal-vet-and-employment-those-disabilities.
[38]European Commission.What is Erasmus+?[EB/OL].[2018-10-16].http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/erasmus-plus/about_en.
[39]许欢,尚闻一.美国、欧洲、日本、中国数字素养培养模式发展述评[J].图书情报工作,2017,61(16):98-106.
[40]European Union.Digital agenda for Europe[EB/OL].[2018-10-09].https://europa.eu/european-union/topics/digital-economy-society_en.
[41]任友群,随晓筱,刘新阳.欧盟数字素养框架研究[J].现代远程教育研究,2014(5):3-12.
[42]European Commission.Education,Training,Youth and Sport[EB/OL].[2018-11-18].https://europa.eu/european-union/file/1063/download_en?token=70063GiJ.
[43]联合国教科文组织.媒介信息素养巴黎宣言正式通过[EB/OL].[2018-10-08].http://www.unesco.org/new/zh/communication-and-information/resources/news-and-in-focus-articles/in-focus-articles/2014/paris-declaration-on-media-and-information-literacy-adopted/.
[44]Open Education Europa.eLSe Academy-eLearning for senior citizens[EB/OL].[2018-10-22].https://www.openeducationeuropa.eu/en/project/else.
[45]杨国庆,韩益鹏.剖析和借鉴英国高校信息素养教育[J].图书馆建设,2009(5):78-83.
[46]胡永斌,李馨,赵云建.欧盟学校教育信息化发展现状---访欧盟iTEC“未来教室”项目负责人威尔·埃利斯博士[J].中国电化教育,2016(2):121-125.
[47]王娜.欧盟数字图书馆Europeana建设研究及启示[J].图书馆学刊,2017(10):135-138.
[48]SCONUL.SCONUL:Digital Literacies[EB/OL].[2018-10-09].https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20140614084534/http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/elearning/developingdigitalliteracies/sconul.aspx.
[49]李传颖.英国图书馆特殊群体服务及其对我国的启示[J].情报理论与实践,2016(10):140-144.
[50]张毓晗,刘静.英国白玫瑰大学联盟图书馆数字素养教育实践与启示[J].图书情报工作,2018,62(8):54-59.
[51]张毓晗,张宇娥.英国约克大学图书馆学科服务的特点与启示[J].图书情报工作,2016,60(22):82-87.
[52]王永丹,朱丹.德国公共图书馆少儿服务见闻[J].图书馆界,2015(2):88-90.
[53]孙会清.德国明斯特监狱图书馆服务[J].图书馆论坛,2016(5):129-134.
[54]Skov A,Skarbak H.Fighting an uphill battle:teaching information literacy in Danish institutions of higher education[J].Library Review,2003,52(7):330.
[55]贾二鹏,谷秀洁.北欧信息素养教育进展[J].图书与情报,2011(6):60-65.
[56]欧罗巴那数字图书馆、奥地利国家图书馆与谷歌公司合作推进欧洲文化遗产向公众开放[J].国家图书馆学刊,2014(6):76.