无序充电模式下电动汽车对住宅区配电网谐波影响研究
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摘要
在无序充电模式下,电动汽车大规模接入电网不仅会增加电网的用电负荷而且会产生大量谐波影响电网电能质量。为了研究电动汽车充电时谐波电流在时间上的分布规律,减少电动汽车在无序充电模式下对电网造成的谐波污染,该文在Simulink平台搭建住宅区充电站模型,根据无序充电模式下电动汽车的负荷分布情况和电动汽车车载机模型研究不同时刻下各次谐波电流的分布情况。仿真结果表明,当电动汽车充电负荷达到最大时其对单相电源产生的电流总谐波畸变率也最大;充电期间3次谐波的含量高于其它各次谐波,且随着充电负荷的增加3次谐波的含量也会随之缓慢增加;APFC技术能有效地抑制谐波电流,降低电动汽车充电时带来的谐波污染。
Under the disordered charging mode, the large-scale access of electric vehicles to the grid not only increase the power load but also generates a lot of harmonics that affect the power quality. In order to study the time distribution of harmonic current of electric vehicles in charge and reduce the harmonic pollution resulted by the disordered charging, this paper constructs a residential charging station model on the Simulink platform. Then, the harmonic current distribution of different times is studied in terms of the load distribution for electric vehicles under disordered charging mode and the on-board charger model of electric vehicles. Finally, a simulation is included for example. It is shown that the total harmonic distortion rate of current generated by the single-phase power supply is the largest when the charging load of electric vehicle reaches the maximum.The third harmonic content is obviously higher than other harmonics during the whole charging period.With the increasing of load,the third harmonic content will increase slowly.The APFC technology proposed in the paper can effectively restrain harmonic currents and reduce harmonic pollution caused by electric vehicle charging under disordered charging mode.
Under the disordered charging mode, the large-scale access of electric vehicles to the grid not only increase the power load but also generates a lot of harmonics that affect the power quality. In order to study the time distribution of harmonic current of electric vehicles in charge and reduce the harmonic pollution resulted by the disordered charging, this paper constructs a residential charging station model on the Simulink platform. Then, the harmonic current distribution of different times is studied in terms of the load distribution for electric vehicles under disordered charging mode and the on-board charger model of electric vehicles. Finally, a simulation is included for example. It is shown that the total harmonic distortion rate of current generated by the single-phase power supply is the largest when the charging load of electric vehicle reaches the maximum.The third harmonic content is obviously higher than other harmonics during the whole charging period.With the increasing of load,the third harmonic content will increase slowly.The APFC technology proposed in the paper can effectively restrain harmonic currents and reduce harmonic pollution caused by electric vehicle charging under disordered charging mode.
引文
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[17]王锡凡,邵成成,王秀丽.电动汽车充电负荷与调度控制策略综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):1-10.WANG Xi-fan,SHAO Cheng-cheng,WANG Xiu-li.Survey of electric vehicle charging load and dispatch control strategies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):1-10.
[2]陈丽丹,张尧.电动汽车随机充电对配电网影响的研究[J].电力科学与技术学报,2016,31(1):62-69.CHEN Li-dan,ZHANG Yao.Study on the influence of electric vehicles random charging on distribution network[J].Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology,2016,31(1):62-69.
[3]薛振宇,李敬如,杨卫红.电动汽车充换电设施接入电网技术规范解读[J].智能电网,2014,2(6):50-55.XUE Zhen-yu,LI Jing-ru,YANG Wei-hong.A reading of the technology guide of EV charging and battery swap facility connected to power grid[J].Smart Grid,2014,2(6):50-55.
[4]李璨.基于Y/Y与Y/Δ变压器的电动汽车充电站的谐波抑制方法[J].电力科学与技术学报,2014,29(2):82-88.LI Can.Research on harmonic suppression method of electric vehicle battery charging station based on Y/Y and Y/Δ transformer[J].Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology,2014,29(2):82-88.
[5]李惠玲,白晓民.电动汽车充电对配电网的影响及对策[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(17):38-43.LI Hui-ling,BAI Xiao-min.Impacts of electric vehicles charging on distribution grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(17):38-43.
[6]张谦,韩维健,俞集辉,等.电动汽车充电站仿真模型及其对电网谐波影响[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(2):159-164.ZHANG Qian,HAN Wei-jian,YU Ji-hui,et al.Simulation model of electric vehicle charging station and harmonic analysis on power grid[J].Transactions of China Electro technical Society,2012,27(2):159-164.
[7]魏大钧,孙波,张承慧.电动汽车车载充电机接入住宅区配电网谐波研究[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(2):13-18.WEI Da-jun,SUN Bo,ZHANG Cheng-hui.Harmonics caused by connecting EV on-board chargers to residential distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(2):13-18.
[8]赵伟,姜飞,涂春鸣,等.电动汽车充电站入网谐波分析[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(11):61-66.ZHAO Wei,JIANG Fei,TU Chun-ming,et al.Harmonic currents of grid-connected EV charging station[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(11):61-66.
[9]王康宁,王金浩,温剑锋,等.电动汽车充电站电能质量测试分析[J].智能电网,2014,2(9):16-22.WANG Kang-ning,WANG Jin-hao,WEN Jian-feng,et al.Test and analysis of power quality in electric vehicle charging station[J].Smart Grid,2014,2(9):16-22.
[10]杨少兵,吴命利,姜久春,等.电动汽车充电站负荷建模方法[J].电网技术,2013,37(5):1190-1195.YANG Shao-bing,WU Ming-li,JIANG Jiu-chun,et al.An approach for load modeling of electric vehicle charging station[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(5):1190-1195.
[11]颜湘武,恩日,海日,等.典型住宅小区接入电动汽车的供电方式研究[J].电网技术,2014,38(04):910-917.YAN Xiang-wu,EN Ri,HAI Ri,et al.Research on power supply modes for typical residential communities integrated with charging station for electric vehicles[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(4):910-917.
[12]Santos A,McGuckin N,Nakamoto H Y,et al.Summary of travel trends:2009 national household travel survey[R],Washington:Federal Highway Administration,2011.
[13]马玲玲,杨军,付聪,等.电动汽车充放电对电网影响研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(3):140-148.MA Ling-ling,YANG Jun,FU Cong,et al.Review on impact of electric car charging and discharging on power grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(3):140-148.
[14]Lewis L R,Cho B H,Lee F C,et al.Modeling,analysis and design of distributed power systems[C].20th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Milwaukee,WI,USA,1989.
[15]王日文,曹文思,程立雪,等.Boost结构单周期控制的有源功率因数校正电路设计[J].电力自动化设备,2011,31(12):114-119.WANG Ri-wen,CAO Wen-si,CHENG Li-xue,et al.Design of Boost active power factor correction circuit with one-cycle control[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2011,31(12):114-119.
[16]郑竞宏,戴梦婷,张曼,等.住宅区式电动汽车充电站负荷集聚特性及其建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(22):32-38.ZHENG Jing-hong,DAI Meng-ting,ZHANG Man,et al.Loud cluster characteristic and modeling of EV charge station in residential district[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(22):32-38.
[17]王锡凡,邵成成,王秀丽.电动汽车充电负荷与调度控制策略综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):1-10.WANG Xi-fan,SHAO Cheng-cheng,WANG Xiu-li.Survey of electric vehicle charging load and dispatch control strategies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):1-10.