基于系统力学结构方程模型(SEM-SD)的高危岗位矿工习惯性违章行为干预策略研究
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摘要
煤矿安全一直国家和人民关注的对象。为降低煤矿安全事故发生率,本文基于系统动力学理论和结构方程模型,构建了高危岗位矿工习惯性违章行为干预策略的系统力学结构方程模型(SEM-SD),并采用Vensim仿真软件进一步探索安全氛围、示范性规范和安全监管等3个干预策略与习惯性违章行为影响因素的关系,深层次研究了干预策略对高危岗位矿工习惯性违章行为的作用机理。研究结果表明,干预策略实施过程中,高危岗位矿工习惯性违章行为水平与不安全心理水平呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,作业环境水平、安全认知水平、安全能力水平均保持上升趋势;干预策略实施初期,作业环境水平高于安全能力水平,安全能力水平高于安全认知水平;干预策略实施后期,安全认知水平高于安全能力水平,安全能力水平高于作业环境水平。基于此,本文给出通过营造良好的安全氛围、鼓励示范性规范行为、加大安全监管力度能够有效控制高危岗位矿工习惯性违章行为发生的建议。
In order to reduce the occurrence rate of coal mine safety accidents, based on the theory of system dynamics, a SEM-SD model of intervention strategies for habitual violations of miners in high-risk positions was constructed, and Vensim software was used to simulate the changing rules of three intervention strategies on habitual violations of miners in high-risk positions, including safety atmosphere, demonstration norms and safety supervision. The effect of violations. The results showed that during the implementation of intervention strategies, the level of Habitual Violation Behavior of miners in high-risk positions showed a change curve of first rising and then falling, the level of unsafe psychology was promoted and then inhibited, and the level of working environment, safety awareness and safety ability was significantly improved; in the initial stage of intervention strategies, the level of working environment > safety ability > safety awareness level; after intervention strategies, the level of safety awareness was increased. The level of safety awareness was higher than the level of safety ability and the level of working environment. Therefore, to create a good safety atmosphere, encourage demonstration normative behavior and strengthen safety supervision can effectively control the occurrence of habitual violations of regulations of miners in high-risk positions.
In order to reduce the occurrence rate of coal mine safety accidents, based on the theory of system dynamics, a SEM-SD model of intervention strategies for habitual violations of miners in high-risk positions was constructed, and Vensim software was used to simulate the changing rules of three intervention strategies on habitual violations of miners in high-risk positions, including safety atmosphere, demonstration norms and safety supervision. The effect of violations. The results showed that during the implementation of intervention strategies, the level of Habitual Violation Behavior of miners in high-risk positions showed a change curve of first rising and then falling, the level of unsafe psychology was promoted and then inhibited, and the level of working environment, safety awareness and safety ability was significantly improved; in the initial stage of intervention strategies, the level of working environment > safety ability > safety awareness level; after intervention strategies, the level of safety awareness was increased. The level of safety awareness was higher than the level of safety ability and the level of working environment. Therefore, to create a good safety atmosphere, encourage demonstration normative behavior and strengthen safety supervision can effectively control the occurrence of habitual violations of regulations of miners in high-risk positions.
引文
[1]李乃文,冀永红,唐水清,等.高危岗位矿工情绪稳定性影响机制SD仿真[J].中国安全生产科学技术, 2018, 14(05):167-173.
[2]周树清,王清华,郑屿,等.煤企井下矿工安全心理的量化检测与分析[J].中国矿业, 2013, 22(9):134-136.
[3]李磊,田水承,邓军,等.矿工不安全行为影响因素分析及控制对策[J].西安科技大学学报, 2011, 31(6):794-798.
[4]兰国辉,陈亚树,朱艳娜,等.复杂环境下矿工安全行为能力动态预警研究[J].煤矿安全, 2016, 47(7):254-256.
[5]陈静,曹庆贵.煤矿井下职工个体不安全行为心理致因机理[J].现代矿业, 2017(5):220-223.
[6]李红霞,李思琦.煤矿工人安全认知与不安全行为关系研究[J].煤矿安全, 2017, 48(11):239-242.
[7]王永刚,李苗,刘凯凯.民航维修人员习惯性违章行为的SD建模研究[J].安全与环境学报, 2017, 17(1):204-209.
[8]陈红,祁慧,汪鸥,等.中国煤矿重大事故中故意违章行为影响因素结构方程模型研究[J].系统工程理论与实践, 2007,27(8):127-136.
[9]卢文倩,吕永卫.基于SEM的诱发矿工故意违章行为因素实证分析[J].中国矿业, 2017, 26(5):35-39.
[10]祁神军,成家磊,张云波.计及组织氛围的建筑工人不安全行为机理模型的构建[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版), 2018,39(2):198-204.
[11]邢宝君,唐水清,李乃文,等.人因脆弱性对安全注意力衰减的SEM研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术, 2017, 13(10):158-163.
[12]贾璐,蔡建国,等.基于系统动力学的多方安全监管博弈[J].土木工程与管理学报, 2012, 29(2):68-73.
[13]邢宝君,唐水清,李乃文,牛莉霞.基于SC-IAT的矿工内隐安全态度研究[J].中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(05):18-23.
[14]田会宝,盛龙江.习惯性违章作业行为的形成与预防[J].机电安全, 2014(1):13-13.
[15]王宝宏,卢宝良.习惯性违章行为导致事故的潜在性原因分析[J].工业安全与环保, 2010, 36(10):63-64.
[16]王丹,倪景峰.基于经济学视角的矿工习惯性违章行为变革分析[J].图书情报导刊, 2009, 19(28):185-186.
[17]成连华,赵帅.不同文化程度与工龄矿工习惯性违章差异研究[J].煤矿安全, 2018, 49(11):241-244+248.
[18]李春辉,李荣华,李洪洲.探究习惯性违章的成因、特点以及应对措施[J].建筑安全, 2017, 32(2):12-14.
[19]牛莉霞,李乃文,姜群山.习惯性违章行为变革的系统动力学仿真[J].中国安全科学学报, 2014, 24(2):28-34.
[20]田水承,刘芬,杨禄,等.基于计划行为理论的矿工不安全行为研究[J].矿业安全与环保, 2014(1):109-112.
[2]周树清,王清华,郑屿,等.煤企井下矿工安全心理的量化检测与分析[J].中国矿业, 2013, 22(9):134-136.
[3]李磊,田水承,邓军,等.矿工不安全行为影响因素分析及控制对策[J].西安科技大学学报, 2011, 31(6):794-798.
[4]兰国辉,陈亚树,朱艳娜,等.复杂环境下矿工安全行为能力动态预警研究[J].煤矿安全, 2016, 47(7):254-256.
[5]陈静,曹庆贵.煤矿井下职工个体不安全行为心理致因机理[J].现代矿业, 2017(5):220-223.
[6]李红霞,李思琦.煤矿工人安全认知与不安全行为关系研究[J].煤矿安全, 2017, 48(11):239-242.
[7]王永刚,李苗,刘凯凯.民航维修人员习惯性违章行为的SD建模研究[J].安全与环境学报, 2017, 17(1):204-209.
[8]陈红,祁慧,汪鸥,等.中国煤矿重大事故中故意违章行为影响因素结构方程模型研究[J].系统工程理论与实践, 2007,27(8):127-136.
[9]卢文倩,吕永卫.基于SEM的诱发矿工故意违章行为因素实证分析[J].中国矿业, 2017, 26(5):35-39.
[10]祁神军,成家磊,张云波.计及组织氛围的建筑工人不安全行为机理模型的构建[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版), 2018,39(2):198-204.
[11]邢宝君,唐水清,李乃文,等.人因脆弱性对安全注意力衰减的SEM研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术, 2017, 13(10):158-163.
[12]贾璐,蔡建国,等.基于系统动力学的多方安全监管博弈[J].土木工程与管理学报, 2012, 29(2):68-73.
[13]邢宝君,唐水清,李乃文,牛莉霞.基于SC-IAT的矿工内隐安全态度研究[J].中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(05):18-23.
[14]田会宝,盛龙江.习惯性违章作业行为的形成与预防[J].机电安全, 2014(1):13-13.
[15]王宝宏,卢宝良.习惯性违章行为导致事故的潜在性原因分析[J].工业安全与环保, 2010, 36(10):63-64.
[16]王丹,倪景峰.基于经济学视角的矿工习惯性违章行为变革分析[J].图书情报导刊, 2009, 19(28):185-186.
[17]成连华,赵帅.不同文化程度与工龄矿工习惯性违章差异研究[J].煤矿安全, 2018, 49(11):241-244+248.
[18]李春辉,李荣华,李洪洲.探究习惯性违章的成因、特点以及应对措施[J].建筑安全, 2017, 32(2):12-14.
[19]牛莉霞,李乃文,姜群山.习惯性违章行为变革的系统动力学仿真[J].中国安全科学学报, 2014, 24(2):28-34.
[20]田水承,刘芬,杨禄,等.基于计划行为理论的矿工不安全行为研究[J].矿业安全与环保, 2014(1):109-112.