论僵尸企业的成因及法治化治理对策
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摘要
清理僵尸企业成为当前我国推进供给侧结构性改革的重要手段。僵尸企业不同于已经概念化了的休眠企业、僵局企业、亏损企业以及破产企业,对于此类"病态企业",需要从概念法学的视角对其作出厘定;僵尸企业的形成是行业周期影响、政府过度保护、银行信贷歧视、企业自身经营水平等多重因素叠加的结果,清理僵尸企业应坚持分类化处置原则、利益衡平原则和社会整体利益原则;在防范僵尸企业上,应建立企业识别监管体系、提升产业政策法治化水平、强化银行预算硬约束机制;在处置僵尸企业上,应建立企业兼并、重组制度,完善破产制度和产权交易制度。
Elimination of "zombie enterprises" has become an important means to promote our nation's current supply side structural reform. Zombie companies are different from the so-called dormant companies, deadlock companies, loss-making companies and bankrupt companies which have already been conceptualized as accepted types of problem enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to define this type of "ailing enterprises" from the perspective of jurisprudence of concepts. In this paper,we argue that zombie companies are caused by the coordinated effect of multiple factors,including the impact of the industry cycle, the excessive protection of the government, the bank s credit discrimination and the enterprise's poor management. The elimination of zombie companies should follow the principle of avoiding a one-size-fits-all approach, balancing interests between different groups and giving priority to the social interests. To prevent the formation of zombie companies,we should establish a regulatory system for zombie company identification and supervision, make the industrial policies more in line with law, and strengthen the bank's budget constraint mechanism. As for the disposal of zombie enterprises,we should establish a system of corporate merger and reorganization,and improve the bankruptcy system and property rights trading system.
Elimination of "zombie enterprises" has become an important means to promote our nation's current supply side structural reform. Zombie companies are different from the so-called dormant companies, deadlock companies, loss-making companies and bankrupt companies which have already been conceptualized as accepted types of problem enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to define this type of "ailing enterprises" from the perspective of jurisprudence of concepts. In this paper,we argue that zombie companies are caused by the coordinated effect of multiple factors,including the impact of the industry cycle, the excessive protection of the government, the bank s credit discrimination and the enterprise's poor management. The elimination of zombie companies should follow the principle of avoiding a one-size-fits-all approach, balancing interests between different groups and giving priority to the social interests. To prevent the formation of zombie companies,we should establish a regulatory system for zombie company identification and supervision, make the industrial policies more in line with law, and strengthen the bank's budget constraint mechanism. As for the disposal of zombie enterprises,we should establish a system of corporate merger and reorganization,and improve the bankruptcy system and property rights trading system.
引文
(1)参见何帆、朱鹤:《僵尸企业的识別与应对》,载《中国金融》2016年第5期。
(2)See Edward J. Kane,“Gaps and Wishful Thinking in the Theory and Practice of Gentral-Bank Policymaking”,Chapters in Swerf Studies, 2013.
(3)参见前引(1),何帆、朱鹤文。
(4)参见胡冰:《关于供给侧结构性改革背景下处置僵尸企业的探讨》,载《西南金融》2016年第12期。
(5)参见薛智胜、张元琦:《对休眠公司法律规制的路径》,载《天津法学》2015年第4期。
(6)参见《中华人民共和国公司法》第211条、《企业法人登记管理条例》第22条。
(7)参见王欣新:《僵尸企业治理与破产法的实施》,载《人民司法·应用》2016年第13期。
(8)参见王强:《企业失败定义研究》,载《北京工业大学学报》(社会科学版)2002年第2期。
(9)参见聂辉华等:《中国僵尸企业研究报告——现状、原因和对策》,载“新华网”,http://sike.news.cn/statics/sike/posts/2016/07/219503685. html,最后访问时间:2017年11月27日。
(10)参见邓洲:《我国处置僵尸企业的进展、困境及对策》,载《经济纵横》2016年第9期。
(11)参见胡冰:《关于供给侧结构性改革背景下处置僵尸企业的探讨》,载《西南金融》2016年第12期。
(12)参见邹蕴涵:《我国僵尸企业的判别、影响及对策建议》,载《中国物价》2016年第7期。
(13)参见吴金蓉:《僵尸企业处置中的法律问题探讨》,载《改革与开放》2016年第17期。
(14)参见张栋等:《中国僵尸企业及其认定—基于钢铁业上市公司的探索性研究》,载《中国工业经济》2016年第11期。
(15)参见前引(7),王新欣文。
(2)See Edward J. Kane,“Gaps and Wishful Thinking in the Theory and Practice of Gentral-Bank Policymaking”,Chapters in Swerf Studies, 2013.
(3)参见前引(1),何帆、朱鹤文。
(4)参见胡冰:《关于供给侧结构性改革背景下处置僵尸企业的探讨》,载《西南金融》2016年第12期。
(5)参见薛智胜、张元琦:《对休眠公司法律规制的路径》,载《天津法学》2015年第4期。
(6)参见《中华人民共和国公司法》第211条、《企业法人登记管理条例》第22条。
(7)参见王欣新:《僵尸企业治理与破产法的实施》,载《人民司法·应用》2016年第13期。
(8)参见王强:《企业失败定义研究》,载《北京工业大学学报》(社会科学版)2002年第2期。
(9)参见聂辉华等:《中国僵尸企业研究报告——现状、原因和对策》,载“新华网”,http://sike.news.cn/statics/sike/posts/2016/07/219503685. html,最后访问时间:2017年11月27日。
(10)参见邓洲:《我国处置僵尸企业的进展、困境及对策》,载《经济纵横》2016年第9期。
(11)参见胡冰:《关于供给侧结构性改革背景下处置僵尸企业的探讨》,载《西南金融》2016年第12期。
(12)参见邹蕴涵:《我国僵尸企业的判别、影响及对策建议》,载《中国物价》2016年第7期。
(13)参见吴金蓉:《僵尸企业处置中的法律问题探讨》,载《改革与开放》2016年第17期。
(14)参见张栋等:《中国僵尸企业及其认定—基于钢铁业上市公司的探索性研究》,载《中国工业经济》2016年第11期。
(15)参见前引(7),王新欣文。