基于区块链技术的物联网信息共享安全机制
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摘要
针对物联网(IoT)信息共享中存在的源数据易被篡改、缺乏信用保障机制以及信息孤岛问题,提出一种基于区块链技术的轻量级物联网信息共享安全框架。该框架采用数据区块链和交易区块链相结合的双链模式:在数据区块链中实现数据的分布式存储和防篡改,并通过改进的实用拜占庭容错(PBFT)机制共识算法,提升数据登记效率;在交易区块链中实现资源和数据交易,并通过基于部分盲签名算法的改进算法,提升交易效率、实现隐私保护。仿真实验部分分别针对抗攻击能力、双链的处理能力和时延进行了验证分析,结果表明该框架具有安全性、有效性和可行性,可应对现实物联网中的大部分场景。
A lightweight framework of Internet of Things(IoT)information sharing security based on blockchain technology was proposed to solve the problems of IoT's information sharing,such as source data susceptible to tampering,lack of credit guarantee mechanism and islands of information.The framework used double-chain pattern including data blockchain and transaction blockchain.Distributed storage and tamper-proof were realized on the data blockchain,and the registration efficiency was improved through a modified Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance(PBFT).Resource and data transactions were realized on the transaction blockchain,the transaction efficiency was improved and privacy protection was realized through the improved algorithm based on partial blind signature algorithm.The simulation experiments were carried out to analyse,test and verify anti-attack capability,double-chain processing capacity and time delay.Simulation results show that the proposed framework has security,effectiveness and feasibility,which can be applied to most situations of the real IoT.
A lightweight framework of Internet of Things(IoT)information sharing security based on blockchain technology was proposed to solve the problems of IoT's information sharing,such as source data susceptible to tampering,lack of credit guarantee mechanism and islands of information.The framework used double-chain pattern including data blockchain and transaction blockchain.Distributed storage and tamper-proof were realized on the data blockchain,and the registration efficiency was improved through a modified Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance(PBFT).Resource and data transactions were realized on the transaction blockchain,the transaction efficiency was improved and privacy protection was realized through the improved algorithm based on partial blind signature algorithm.The simulation experiments were carried out to analyse,test and verify anti-attack capability,double-chain processing capacity and time delay.Simulation results show that the proposed framework has security,effectiveness and feasibility,which can be applied to most situations of the real IoT.
引文
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[23]OUADDAH A,ELKALAM A A,OUAHMAN A A.Towards a novel privacy-preserving access control model based on blockchain technology in Io T[C]//Proceedings of the 2017 Europe and ME-NA Cooperation Advances in Information and Communication Technologies,AISC 520.Cham:Springer,2017:523-533.
[24]DORRI A,KANHERE S S,JURDAK R.Towards an optimized blockchain for Io T[C]//Proceedings of the 2017 Second International Conference on Io T Design and Implementation.New York:ACM,2017:173-178
[25]张俊,高文忠,张应晨,等.运行于区块链上的智能分布式电力能源系统:需求、概念、方法以及展望[J].自动化学报,2017,43(9):1544-1554.(ZHANG J,GAO W Z,ZHANG Y C,et al.Blockchain based intelligent distributed electrical energy systems:needs,concepts,approaches and vision[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2017,43(9):1544-1554.)
[26]薛腾飞,付群超,王枞,等.基于区块链的医疗数据共享模型研究[J].自动化学报,2017,43(9):1555-1562.(XUE T F,FUQ C,WANG C,et al.A medial data sharing model via blockchain[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2017,43(9):1555-1562.)
[27]黄晓芳,徐蕾,杨茜.一种区块链的云计算电子取证模型[J].北京邮电大学学报,2017,40(6):120-124.(HUANG X F,XU L,YANG Q.Blockchain model of cloud forensics[J].Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2017,40(6):120-124).
[28]傅晓彤,陈思,张宁.基于代理的密码货币支付系统[J].通信学报,2017,38(7):199-206.(FU X T,CHEN S,ZHANG N.Proxy-cryptocurrency payment system[J].Journal on Communications,2017,38(7):199-206).
[2]Statista Inc.Internet of Things(Io T)connected devices installed base worldwide from 2015 to 2025(in billions)[EB/OL].[2017-05-30].http://www.statista.com/statistics/471264/iotnumber-of-connected-devices-worldwide.
[3]Ironpaper.Internet of things market statistics-2016[EB/OL].[2017-04-08].http://www.ironpaper.com/webintel/articles/internet-of-things-market-statistics/.
[4]LI T,LIU Y,TIAN Y,et al.A storage solution for massive Io T data based on No SQL[C]//Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things.Washington,DC:IEEEComputer Society,2012:50-57.
[5]田野,袁博,李廷力.物联网海量异构数据存储与共享策略研究[J].电子学报,2016,44(2):247-257.(TIAN Y,YUAN B,LIT L.A massive and heterogeneous data storage and sharing strategy for internet of things[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2016,44(2):247-257.)
[6]董晓蕾.物联网隐私保护研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2015,52(10):2341-2352.(DONG X L.Advances of privacy preservation in Internet of things[J].Journal of Computer Research and Development,2015,52(10):2341-2352.)
[7]姜顺荣.物联网中信息共享的安全和隐私保护的研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2016:55-65.(JIANG S R.Research on secure and privacy-preserving of information sharing in Internet of things[D].Xi'an:Xidian University,2016:55-65.)
[8]桂小林,张学军,赵建强,等.物联网信息安全[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2015.(GUI X L,ZHANG X J,ZHAO J Q,et al.Information Security of Io T[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2015.)
[9]史佩昌,王怀民,郑子彬,等.面向云际计算的自主对等协作环境[J].中国科学:信息科学,2017,47(9):1129-1148.(SHI PC,WANG H M,ZHENG Z B,et al.Collaboration environment for joint cloud computing[J].Scientia Sinica Informationis,2017,47(9):1129-1148.)
[10]SWAN M.Blockchain:Blueprint for a New Economy[M].Sebastopol,CA:O'Reilly Media Inc.,2015:13-14.
[11]PANETTA K.Top Trends in the gartner hype cycle for emerging technologies[EB/OL].[2017-08-15].https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/top-trends-in-the-gartner-hype-cycle-for-emerging-technologies-2017/.
[12]中国区块链技术和产业发展论坛.中国区块链技术和应用发展白皮书(2016)[EB/OL].[2017-11-18].http://chainb.com/download/工信部-中国区块链技术和应用发展白皮书1014.pdf.(China Blockchain Technology and Industrial Development Forum.China blockchain technology and application development white paper(2016)[EB/OL].[2017-11-18].http://chainb.com/download/工信部-中国区块链技术和应用发展白皮书1014.pdf.)
[13]国务院.国务院关于印发“十三五”国家信息化规划的通知[EB/OL].[2016-12-27].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-12/27/content_5153411.htm.(State Council.Notice of the state council on printing and distributing the“13th FiveYear”national informatization plan[EB/OL].[2016-12-27].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-12/27/content_5153411.htm.)
[14]NAKAMOTO S.Bitcoin:a peer-to-peer electronic cash system[EB/OL].[2018-03-21].https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.
[15]袁勇,王飞跃.区块链技术发展现状与展望[J].自动化学报,2016,42(4):481-494.(YUAN Y,WANG F Y.Blockchain:the state of the art and future trends[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2016,42(4):481-494.)
[16]王继业,高灵超,董爱强,等.基于区块链的数据安全共享网络体系研究[J].计算机研究与发展,2017,54(4):742-749.(WANG J Y,GAO L C,DONG A Q,et al.Block chain based data sharing network architecture research[J].Journal of Computer Research and Development,2017,54(4):742-749.)
[17]IBM.ADEPT:an Io T practitioner perspective[EB/OL].[2017-05-07].https://zh.scribd.com/doc/252917347/IBM-ADEPT-Practictioner-Perspective-Pre-Publication-Draft-7-Jan-2015.
[18]中国电子技术标准化研究院.区块链参考架构[EB/OL].[2017-05-17].http://www.cesi.ac.cn/201705/2478.html.(China Electronics Standardization Institute.Blockchain-Reference Architecture[EB/OL].[2017-12-27].http://www.cesi.ac.cn/201705/2478.html.)
[19]中国电子技术标准化研究院.区块链数据格式规范[EB/OL].[2017-12-27].http://www.cesi.ac.cn/images/editor/20171227/20171227154118126.pdf.(China Electronics Standardization Institute.Blockchain-Data format specification[EB/OL].[2017-12-27].http://www.cesi.ac.cn/images/editor/20171227/20171227154118126.pdf.)
[20]ZHANG Y,WEN J.An Io T electric business model based on the protocol of bitcoin[C]//Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE,2015:184-191
[21]WRNER D,von BOMHARD T.When your sensor earns money:exchanging data for cash with bitcoin[C]//Proceedings of the 2014ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing:Adjunct Publication.New York:ACM:295-298.
[22]HOSSEIN S,HITHNAWI A,DUQUENNOY S.Towards blockchainbased auditable storage and sharing of Io T data[EB/OL].[2018-03-05].https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.08230.pdf.
[23]OUADDAH A,ELKALAM A A,OUAHMAN A A.Towards a novel privacy-preserving access control model based on blockchain technology in Io T[C]//Proceedings of the 2017 Europe and ME-NA Cooperation Advances in Information and Communication Technologies,AISC 520.Cham:Springer,2017:523-533.
[24]DORRI A,KANHERE S S,JURDAK R.Towards an optimized blockchain for Io T[C]//Proceedings of the 2017 Second International Conference on Io T Design and Implementation.New York:ACM,2017:173-178
[25]张俊,高文忠,张应晨,等.运行于区块链上的智能分布式电力能源系统:需求、概念、方法以及展望[J].自动化学报,2017,43(9):1544-1554.(ZHANG J,GAO W Z,ZHANG Y C,et al.Blockchain based intelligent distributed electrical energy systems:needs,concepts,approaches and vision[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2017,43(9):1544-1554.)
[26]薛腾飞,付群超,王枞,等.基于区块链的医疗数据共享模型研究[J].自动化学报,2017,43(9):1555-1562.(XUE T F,FUQ C,WANG C,et al.A medial data sharing model via blockchain[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2017,43(9):1555-1562.)
[27]黄晓芳,徐蕾,杨茜.一种区块链的云计算电子取证模型[J].北京邮电大学学报,2017,40(6):120-124.(HUANG X F,XU L,YANG Q.Blockchain model of cloud forensics[J].Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2017,40(6):120-124).
[28]傅晓彤,陈思,张宁.基于代理的密码货币支付系统[J].通信学报,2017,38(7):199-206.(FU X T,CHEN S,ZHANG N.Proxy-cryptocurrency payment system[J].Journal on Communications,2017,38(7):199-206).