海洋板块俯冲作用下上覆大陆岩石层减薄机制的动力学模拟
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摘要
几乎所有大陆岩石层的减薄现象,可能都与海洋板块的俯冲作用相关,但是两者之间的内在联系迄今仍不十分明确,为此,我们设计了一系列包含洋-陆俯冲系统的二维数值模型,来探讨海洋板块的俯冲作用对上覆大陆岩石层变形行为的影响,尤其对大陆岩石层减薄效应的制约.模型结果表明,海洋板块俯冲过程中的地幔楔熔体对大陆岩石层地幔的热侵蚀以及由熔体上升所诱发的地幔局部对流的强烈扰动会导致上覆大陆岩石层的减薄效应.这种效应不仅表现在横向上的向陆内蔓延,还表现在垂向上的向浅部发展.且多类动力学参数都能制约大陆岩石层的减薄效应.具体地,随着汇聚速率和洋壳厚度的增加,上覆大陆岩石层在横向上的减薄范围越大,在垂向上的减薄程度也越深;而随着俯冲海洋板块年龄的增加,上覆大陆岩石层在横向上的减薄范围增大,但在垂向上的减薄程度会减小;随着上覆大陆岩石层厚度的增加,其横向减薄范围会减小,但在垂向上的减薄程度会加深.本文研究成果能为揭示华北克拉通减薄/破坏的动力学过程提供一定的理论参考依据.
Much evidence from geophysical,geochemical and geological studies have suggested that the thinning of continental lithosphere is generally related to oceanic subduction.While the dynamic process of such thinning remains in debate.Using a 2-D thermo-mechanical model,we systematically investigated the mechanisms of continental lithospheric thinning under oceanic subduction and explored their key constraints.The numerical models indicate that the erosion by partial melting in the mantle wedge and by the small-scale mantle convection could induce lithospheric thinning both horizontally and vertically.Moreover,the convergence velocity,thickness of oceanic crust,the age of subducting oceanic plate and the thickness of overriding continental lithosphere play important roles in the dynamics of lithospheric thinning.Specifically,with the increase of convergence velocity and the thickness of oceanic crust,the range of lithospheric thinning increases both horizontally and vertically.Besides,the range of lithospheric thinning increases horizontally and decreases vertically with the growing age of the subducting oceanic plate.Nevertheless,with increasing the thickness of overriding continental lithosphere,the range of lithospheric thinning decreases horizontally and increases vertically.Our model results could provide some insights into the dynamic processes of the thinning and destruction of the North China Craton during geologic epochs.
Much evidence from geophysical,geochemical and geological studies have suggested that the thinning of continental lithosphere is generally related to oceanic subduction.While the dynamic process of such thinning remains in debate.Using a 2-D thermo-mechanical model,we systematically investigated the mechanisms of continental lithospheric thinning under oceanic subduction and explored their key constraints.The numerical models indicate that the erosion by partial melting in the mantle wedge and by the small-scale mantle convection could induce lithospheric thinning both horizontally and vertically.Moreover,the convergence velocity,thickness of oceanic crust,the age of subducting oceanic plate and the thickness of overriding continental lithosphere play important roles in the dynamics of lithospheric thinning.Specifically,with the increase of convergence velocity and the thickness of oceanic crust,the range of lithospheric thinning increases both horizontally and vertically.Besides,the range of lithospheric thinning increases horizontally and decreases vertically with the growing age of the subducting oceanic plate.Nevertheless,with increasing the thickness of overriding continental lithosphere,the range of lithospheric thinning decreases horizontally and increases vertically.Our model results could provide some insights into the dynamic processes of the thinning and destruction of the North China Craton during geologic epochs.
引文
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Clark S R,Stegman D,Müller R D.2008.Episodicity in back-arc tectonic regimes.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,171(1-4):265-279.
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Gerya T V,Yuen D A.2003a.Characteristics-based marker-in-cell method with conservative finite-differences schemes for modeling geological flows with strongly variable transport properties.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,140(4):293-318.
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Gerya T V,Meilick F I.2011.Geodynamic regimes of subduction under an active margin:Effects of rheological weakening by fluids and melts.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,29(1):7-31.
Gorczyk W,Guillot S,Gerya T V,et al.2007.Asthenospheric upwelling,oceanic slab retreat,and exhumation of UHP mantle rocks:Insights from Greater Antilles.Geophysical Research Letters,34(21):L21309,doi:10.1029/2007GL031059.
Green D H,Ringwood A E.1967.An experimental investigation of the gabbro to eclogite transformation and its petrological applications.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,31(5):767-833.
Han P,Wei D P,Zhang K L,et al.2016.Lattice-Preferred orientations of olivine in subducting oceanic lithosphere derived from the observed seismic anisotropies in double seismic zones.Earthquake Science,29(4):243-258.
He L J.2014.Numerical modeling of convective erosion and peridotite-melt interaction in big mantle wedge:Implications for the destruction of the North China Craton.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,119(4):3662-3677.
Hermann J.2002.Experimental constraints on phase relations in subducted continental crust.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,143(2):219-235.
Ji S C,Zhao P L.1993.Flow laws of multiphase rocks calculated from experimental data on the constituent phases.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,117(1-2):181-187.
Karig D E.1971.Origin and development of marginal basins in the Western Pacific.Journal of Geophysical Research,76(11):2542-2561.
Kirby S H,Kronenberg A K.1987.Rheology of the lithosphere:selected topics.Reviews of Geophysics,25(6):1219-1244.
Li Z H,Gerya T V.2009.Polyphase formation and exhumation of high-to ultrahigh-pressure rocks in continental subduction zone:Numerical modeling and application to the Sulu ultrahighpressure terrane in eastern China.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,114(B9):B09406,doi:10.1029/2008JB005935.
Li Z H,Gerya T V,Burg J P.2010.Influence of tectonic overpressure on P-T paths of HP-UHP rocks in continental collision zones:Thermomechanical modelling.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,28(3):227-247.
Li Z H,Xu Z Q,Gerya T V,et al.2013.Collision of continental corner from 3-D numerical modeling.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,380:98-111.
Li Z H.2014.A review on the numerical geodynamic modeling of continental subduction,collision and exhumation.Science China Earth Sciences,57(1):47-69.
Li Z H,Liu M Q,Gerya T V.2015.Material transportation and fluid-melt activity in the subduction channel:Numerical modeling.Science China Earth Sciences,58(8):1251-1268.
Li Z H,Liu M,Gerya T V.2016.Lithosphere delamination in continental collisional orogens:A systematic numerical study.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,121(7):5186-5211.
Liu M Q,Li Z H,Yang S H.2017.Diapir versus along-channel ascent of crustal material during plate convergence:Constrained by the thermal structure of subduction zones.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,145:16-36,doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.02.036.
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