不同倍性紫锥菊的性状比较及新种质的获得
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摘要
采用同株系二倍体、四倍体、八倍体紫锥菊进行大田栽培试验,比较不同倍性紫锥菊的营养生长、生殖生长及多酚类成分指标,八倍体母株种子萌发后通过根尖染色体计数法进行倍性分析,以期为遗传基础理论研究和育种提供更多的材料选择。结果表明:随着倍性增加,株高变矮,叶长宽比和舌状花长宽比变小;每株分枝数以四倍体最高;一年生时二倍体的头状花序数和总花序数最多,显著高于四倍体和八倍体;二年生时四倍体的头状花序数和总花序数最多,显著高于二倍体和八倍体;二年生采收数据紫锥菊四倍体全株产量较八倍体高232.6%,二倍体全株产量较八倍体高187.1%;四倍体和八倍体的地上部、地下部总多酚含量、绿原酸含量、菊苣酸、单咖啡酰酒石酸含量均显著较二倍体高,八倍体地上部和地下部绿原酸含量、地上部菊苣酸含量显著高于四倍体;八倍体子代实生苗倍性鉴定得到五倍体和非整倍体。对紫锥菊而言,八倍体倍性太高,其产量和品质的综合性状不具备优势,但在作为种质资源方面具有价值;四倍体表现优良,较二倍体效益高;获得的五倍体和非整倍体材料,在生产和作为遗传改良桥梁种方面具有价值,是紫锥菊整倍性和非倍性材料创建的有益补充。
Via cultivation of diploid,tetraploid and octaploid plants sharing the same genome of E.purpurea,investigating the influences of gene dosage on the vegetative and reproductive growth and on the content of the main functional compound,seeds collected from octaploid were germinated and the numbers of chromosomes in the root tip cells of the seedlings were counted.In order to provide more material choices for genetic basic theory research and breeding of abundant resources of E.purpurea.The results showed that with the increase of ploidy,plant height became shorter,leaf length to width ratio and ray flower petal length to width ratio decreased,the numbers of tiller per plant were all the largest in tetraploid.The numbers of capitulum and inflorescence among annual plants of tetraploid and octaploid were significantly lower than those of diploid plants,the numbers of capitulum and inflorescence among biennial plants were all the largest in tetraploid and were significantly higher than the diploid and octaploid.The yields of whole plant of tetraploid were 232.6% higher than ocaploid,the yields of whole plant of diploid were 187.1% higher than ocaploid.The contents of total polyphenols acid,chlorogenic acid,caffeoyl tartaric acid and cichoric acid in the above ground part and underground part of plants of tetraploid and octaploid were significantly higher than those of diploid plants,the contents of chlorogenic acid,chicoric acid in the aboveground part of octaploid was higher than in tetraploid.Two in vitro plantlets grew from seeds that collected from octaploid were assessed for ploidy state,one with 55 chromosomes and was considered as pentaploid and the other with 53 chromosomes and was certified as aneuploid.This study indicateed that octaploid was too high a ploidy level to exhibit the advantage of yield and quality for E.purpurea,but this ploidy level still had value when was used as parents for crossing.Tetraploid seemed a suitable ploidy level that cultivation of tetraploid may achieve high benefit than conventional cultivation of diploid.The pentaploid and aneuploid of E.purpurea were of value in the production and used as a bridge for genetic improvement,and useful supplement to the creation of euploid and aneuploid materials.
Via cultivation of diploid,tetraploid and octaploid plants sharing the same genome of E.purpurea,investigating the influences of gene dosage on the vegetative and reproductive growth and on the content of the main functional compound,seeds collected from octaploid were germinated and the numbers of chromosomes in the root tip cells of the seedlings were counted.In order to provide more material choices for genetic basic theory research and breeding of abundant resources of E.purpurea.The results showed that with the increase of ploidy,plant height became shorter,leaf length to width ratio and ray flower petal length to width ratio decreased,the numbers of tiller per plant were all the largest in tetraploid.The numbers of capitulum and inflorescence among annual plants of tetraploid and octaploid were significantly lower than those of diploid plants,the numbers of capitulum and inflorescence among biennial plants were all the largest in tetraploid and were significantly higher than the diploid and octaploid.The yields of whole plant of tetraploid were 232.6% higher than ocaploid,the yields of whole plant of diploid were 187.1% higher than ocaploid.The contents of total polyphenols acid,chlorogenic acid,caffeoyl tartaric acid and cichoric acid in the above ground part and underground part of plants of tetraploid and octaploid were significantly higher than those of diploid plants,the contents of chlorogenic acid,chicoric acid in the aboveground part of octaploid was higher than in tetraploid.Two in vitro plantlets grew from seeds that collected from octaploid were assessed for ploidy state,one with 55 chromosomes and was considered as pentaploid and the other with 53 chromosomes and was certified as aneuploid.This study indicateed that octaploid was too high a ploidy level to exhibit the advantage of yield and quality for E.purpurea,but this ploidy level still had value when was used as parents for crossing.Tetraploid seemed a suitable ploidy level that cultivation of tetraploid may achieve high benefit than conventional cultivation of diploid.The pentaploid and aneuploid of E.purpurea were of value in the production and used as a bridge for genetic improvement,and useful supplement to the creation of euploid and aneuploid materials.
引文
[1]肖培根.国际流行的免疫调节剂紫锥菊及其制剂[J].中草药,1996,27(1):46-48.
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[9]郭巧生,钱大玮,何先元,等.药用白菊花4个栽培类型内在质量的比较研究[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(12):896-898.
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[12]LANANIA U C,SRIVASTAVA S,LAVANIA S,et al.Autopolyploidy differentially influences body size in plants,but facilitates enhanced accumulation of secondary metabolites,causing increased cytosine methylation[J].Plant Journal,2012,71:539-549.
[13]ZHANG X Y,HU C G,YAO J L.Tetraploidization of diploid Dioscorearesults in activation of the antioxidant defense system and increased heat tolerance[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2010,167:88-94.
[14]GUO M,DAVIS D,BIRCHLER J A.Dosage effects on gene expression in a maize ploidy series[J].Genetics,1996,142:1349-1355.
[15]李树贤.植物染色体与遗传育种[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:260-262.
[16]ZHAO F C,NILANTHI D,YANG Y S,et al.Anther culture and haploid plant regeneration in purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea L.)[J].Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture,2006,86:55-62.
[17]CHEN R,YANG Y S,WU H.A comparative study on rooting of in vitro regenerated shoots in haploid,diploid and tetraploid purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea L.)[J].Biotechnology&Biotechnological Equipment,2016,30(1):44-48.
[18]CHEN X L,ZHANG J J,CHEN R,et al.An uncommon plant growth regulator,diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,is highly effective in tissue cultures of the important medicinal plant purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea L.)[J/OL].BioMed Research International.2013,Article ID 540316,12pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/540316.
[19]褚启人,张灵南.水稻花粉植株非整倍体的细胞遗传学[J].遗传学报,1985,12(1):51-60.
[20]陆瑞菊,黄剑华,颜昌敬.大麦四倍体花粉植株的花药培养及其再生植株的若干性状变异[M]//胡道芬.植物花培育种进展.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1996:98-101.
[2]安士影,胡玉梅,苗宏伟,等.市售国内紫锥菊提取物质量评价[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(22):3406-3410.
[3] COMAI L.The advantages and disadvantages of being polyploidy[J].Nature Reviews Genetics,2005,6(11):836-846.
[4] ABDOLI M,MOIENI A,BADI H N.Morphological,physiological,cytological and phytochemical studies in diploid and colchicine-induced tetraploid plants of Echinacea purpurea(L.)[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2013,35:2075-2083.
[5] XU C G,TANG T X,CHEN R,et al.A comparative study of bioactive secondary metabolite production in diploid and tetraploid Echinacea purpurea(L.)Moench[J].Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture,2014,116(3):323-332.
[6] CHEN R,JIANG W Z,LI Q L,et al.Comparison of seven colchicine-induced tetraploid clones with their original diploid clones in purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea L.)[J].Euphytica,2016,207(2):387-399.
[7] NILANTHI D,YANG Y S.In vitro induction of octaploid from colchicine-treated tetraploid petiole explants of purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea L.)[J].Tropical Agricultural Research&Extension,2013,16(1):1-6.
[8] LI Q L,YANG Y S,WU H.In vitro segregation of tetraploid and octoploid plantlets from colchicine-induced ploidy chimeras in Echinacea purpurea L.[J].Hort Science,2016,51(5):549-557.
[9]郭巧生,钱大玮,何先元,等.药用白菊花4个栽培类型内在质量的比较研究[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(12):896-898.
[10]KRYSTYNA Z,CEZARY P,BARBARA P.Yields and quality of green forage from red clover diploid and tetraploid forms[J].Journal of Elementology,2010,15(4):757-770.
[11]DHAWAN O P,LAVANIA U C.Enhancing the productivity of secondary metabolites via induced polyploidy:A review[J].Euphytica,1996,87:81-89.
[12]LANANIA U C,SRIVASTAVA S,LAVANIA S,et al.Autopolyploidy differentially influences body size in plants,but facilitates enhanced accumulation of secondary metabolites,causing increased cytosine methylation[J].Plant Journal,2012,71:539-549.
[13]ZHANG X Y,HU C G,YAO J L.Tetraploidization of diploid Dioscorearesults in activation of the antioxidant defense system and increased heat tolerance[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2010,167:88-94.
[14]GUO M,DAVIS D,BIRCHLER J A.Dosage effects on gene expression in a maize ploidy series[J].Genetics,1996,142:1349-1355.
[15]李树贤.植物染色体与遗传育种[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:260-262.
[16]ZHAO F C,NILANTHI D,YANG Y S,et al.Anther culture and haploid plant regeneration in purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea L.)[J].Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture,2006,86:55-62.
[17]CHEN R,YANG Y S,WU H.A comparative study on rooting of in vitro regenerated shoots in haploid,diploid and tetraploid purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea L.)[J].Biotechnology&Biotechnological Equipment,2016,30(1):44-48.
[18]CHEN X L,ZHANG J J,CHEN R,et al.An uncommon plant growth regulator,diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,is highly effective in tissue cultures of the important medicinal plant purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea L.)[J/OL].BioMed Research International.2013,Article ID 540316,12pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/540316.
[19]褚启人,张灵南.水稻花粉植株非整倍体的细胞遗传学[J].遗传学报,1985,12(1):51-60.
[20]陆瑞菊,黄剑华,颜昌敬.大麦四倍体花粉植株的花药培养及其再生植株的若干性状变异[M]//胡道芬.植物花培育种进展.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1996:98-101.