果树单倍体和多倍体研究进展
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摘要
倍性育种技术主要包括单倍体技术和多倍体技术,是植物新品种和新的种质资源培育的重要途径。单倍体技术主要是采用雌核途径和雄核途径人工诱导植物单倍体植株,多倍体技术主要采用物理和化学的方法诱导植物多倍体植株,采用现代生物技术如组织培养技术对诱导的植株加以培养,并运用形态学、细胞学或分子生物学手段对所诱导植株的倍性进行鉴定,多倍体和单倍体在植物遗传分析、育种、基因克隆等领域已得到广泛应用,也是果树遗传育种的主要方式。本综述对果树多倍体和单倍体产生途径和鉴定方法进行了阐述和总结,并对果树倍性研究存在的问题进行了简要的分析与展望。
The ploidy breeding technology mainly includes haploid technology and polyploid technology, which is an important way for breeding new plant varieties and new germplasm resources. Haploid technique is mainly used to induce haploid plants by female and male nuclear pathways, while polyploid technology is mainly used to induce polyploid plants by physical and chemical methods. The induced plants were cultured by using modern biological techniques such as plant tissue culture, and the plant ploidy was identified by morphological, cytological or molecular biological methods. Polyploids and haploids have been widely used in plant genetic analysis, breeding and gene cloning. Also, they are important approaches for the genetic breeding of fruit tree. In this review, the formation and identification methods of fruit tree haploid and polyploid were described and summarized, and the problems in fruit tree ploidy study were briefly analyzed and prospected.
The ploidy breeding technology mainly includes haploid technology and polyploid technology, which is an important way for breeding new plant varieties and new germplasm resources. Haploid technique is mainly used to induce haploid plants by female and male nuclear pathways, while polyploid technology is mainly used to induce polyploid plants by physical and chemical methods. The induced plants were cultured by using modern biological techniques such as plant tissue culture, and the plant ploidy was identified by morphological, cytological or molecular biological methods. Polyploids and haploids have been widely used in plant genetic analysis, breeding and gene cloning. Also, they are important approaches for the genetic breeding of fruit tree. In this review, the formation and identification methods of fruit tree haploid and polyploid were described and summarized, and the problems in fruit tree ploidy study were briefly analyzed and prospected.
引文
Boutilier K.,Offringa R.,Shar ma V.K.,Kieft H.,Ouellet T.,Zhang L.,Hattori J.,Liu C.M.,van Lammeren A.A.,Miki B.L.,Custers J.B.,and van Lookeren Campagne M.M.,2002,Ectopic expression of BABY BOOM triggers a conversion from vegetative to embryonic growth,Plant Cell,14(8):1737-1749
Bueno M.A.,Pintos B.,Prado M.J.,and Manzanera J.A.,2004,Androgenesis:a tool for woody plant breeding,Recent Res.Devel.Genet.Breed.,1:365-383
Chen X.Z.,and Luo Z.R.,2005,Ploidy verification of regenerated plants of Eshi 1 persimmon from in vitro leaves treated with colchicine,Guoshu Xuebao(Joxurnal of Fruit Science),22(5):554-556(陈绪中,罗正荣,2005,鄂柿1号离体叶片秋水仙素诱导和再生植株倍性鉴定,果树学报,22(5):554-556)
Chen Z.W.,2016,Haploid-diploid protoplast fusion and ploidy analysis of regenerated callus lines in citrus,Thesis for M.S.,Huazhong Agricutrual University,Supervisor:Guo W.W.,pp.14(陈智炜,2016,柑橘单倍体-二倍体原生质体融合及其再生愈伤的倍性分析,硕士学位论文,华中农业大学,导师:郭文武,pp.14)
Costich D.E.,Ortiz R.,Meagher T.R.,Bruederle L.P.,and Vorsa N.,1993,Determination of ploidy level and nuclear DNAcontent in blueberry by flow cytometry,Theor.Appl.Genet.,86(8):1001-1006
Einset J.,1952,Spontaneous polyploidy in cultivated apples,Amer.Sco.Hort.Sci.,59:291-302
Fei K.W.,and Xue G.R.,1981,Induction of haploid plantlets by anther culture in vitro in apple cv.'delicious',Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Scientia Agricultura Sinica),14(4):41-44,98(费开伟,薛光荣,1981,“元帅”苹果花培单倍体植株的诱导,中国农业科学,14(4):41-44,98)
GermanàM.A.,and Chiancone B.,2003,Improvement of Citrus clementina Hort.ex Tan.microspore-derived embryoid induction and regeneration,Plant Cell Rep.,22(3):181-187
He D.Y.,Sun S.,Cui D.C.,and Chen Z.G.,2001,Apple haploid induction by pollination with high dose irradiated pollen,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),28(3):194-199(何道一,孙山,崔德才,陈振光,2001,应用高剂量辐射花粉授粉及幼胚培养诱导苹果单倍体,园艺学报,28(3):194-199)
Hofer M.,2004,In vitro androgenesis in apple-improvement of the induction phase,Plant Cell Rep.,22(6):365-370
Hofer M.,Gomez A.,Aguiriano E.,Manzanera J.A.,and Bueno M.A.,2002,Analysis of simple sequence repeat markers in homozygous lines of apple,Plant Breeding,121(2):159-162
Li S.L.,Cao Y.F.,Huang L.S.,and Yang Y.L.,1998,Observation on chromosome number of hybrid progeny dayali and pear cultivars with different ploidy,Tianjin Nongxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Tianjin Agricultural University),5(4):1-7(李树玲,曹玉芬,黄礼森,杨有龙,1998,大鸭梨与不同倍性梨品种杂交后代染色体数目鉴定,天津农学院学报,5(4):1-7)
Li X.Y.,Zhang Z.D.,Li Y.D.,Wu L.,and Liu H.G.,2010,Study on polyploid induction of blueberry in vitro with c olchicine treatment,Dongbei Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Northeast Agricultural University),41(1):38-42(李晓艳,张志东,李亚东,吴林,刘海广,2010,秋水仙素诱导离体培养越橘多倍体研究,东北农业大学学报,41(1):38-42)
Li Y.,Shi Y.P.,Shu H.R.,and Wang Q.S.,1998,Use of flow cotometry for identification of ploidy in apple,Xibei Zhiwu Xuebao(Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica),18(4):499-504(李贇,石荫坪,束怀瑞,王强生,1998,利用流式细胞光度术鉴定苹果倍性的研究,西北植物学报,18(4):499-504)
Liu Q.Z.,Ma H.Y.,Wei H.R.,Ai C.X.,Zhang L.S.,Zhao Y.,Luo B.T.,and Han Z.H.,2008,Regeneration of hexaploid plants of cherry dwarf rootstock'Gisela6'from in vitro leaves treated with colchicine,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),35(2):285-288(刘庆忠,马怀宇,魏海蓉,艾呈祥,张力思,赵彦,罗伯特,戴维斯,韩振海,2008,秋水仙素诱导樱桃矮化砧木‘吉塞拉6号’获得六倍体再生植株,园艺学报,35(2):285-288)
Liu Q.Z.,Zhao H.J.,Liu P.,Mong R.,and Freddi H.,2001,Regeneration of tetraploid plants of royal gala apple variety from in vitro leave treated with colchicine,Guoshu Xuebao(Journal of Fruit Science),18(1):7-10(刘庆忠,赵红军,刘鹏,Mong R.,Freddi H.,2001,秋水仙素处理离体叶片获得皇家嘎拉苹果四倍体植株,果树学报,18(1):7-10)
Ma A.H.,Fan P.G.,Sun J.S.,and Li S.H.,2005,Study on induction of tetraploid grapes,Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Scientia Agricultura Sinica),38(8):1645-1651(马爱红,范培格,孙建设,李邵华,2005,四倍体葡萄诱导技术的研究,中国农业科学,38(8):1645-1651)
Niu M.M.,2012,Study of gynogenesis in vitro to induce haploid plants in melon,Thesis for M.S.,Northeast Agricultural U-niversity,Supervisor:Luan S.F.,pp.24-33(牛明明,2012,甜瓜离体雌核发育诱导单倍体研究,硕士学位论文,东北农业大学,导师:栾时非,pp.24-33)
Perera P.I.,Perera L.,Hocher V.,Verdeil J.L.,Yakandawala D.M.,and Weerakoon L.K.,2008,Use of SSR marker to determine the anther-derived homozygous lines in coconut,Plant Cell Rep.,27(11):1697-1703
Qi Y.S.,2009,Studied on inducement of tetraploid and progeny in biology of grapes,Dissertation for Ph.D.,Agriculture U-niversity of Hebei,Supervisor:Du G.Q.,and Zhang Z.H.,pp.9-11(齐永顺,2009,葡萄四倍体诱导及其生物学研究,博士学位论文,河北农业大学,导师:杜国强,张志华,pp.9-11)
Qian C.,2006,Studies on identifying and tetraploid inducing in bud mutration of'white banana'grape,Thesis for M.S.,Southwest University,Supervisors:Liang G.L.,pp.37-39(钱春,2006,白香蕉葡萄芽变突变体鉴定及四倍体诱导研究,硕士学位论文,西南大学,导师:梁国鲁,pp.37-39)
Sauton A.,and Dumas du Vaulx R.,1987,Obtention de plantes haploids chez le melon(Cucumis melo L.)par gynogenese induite par du pollen irradie,Agronomie,7(2):141-148
Shi J.,Zheng W.J.,Ren G.L.,Li Z.,and Li L.,2012,On tetraploid induction of Vaccinium L.by colchicine,Xi’nan Shifan Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)),37(4):102-107(石佳,郑文娟,任广炼,李政,李凌,2012,秋水仙素诱导越橘四倍体研究,西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),37(4):102-107)
Tang X.P.,Dong Z.G.,Li X.M.,Tan W.,Ma X.H.,Zhao Q.F.,and Wang M.,2017,A new early season tetraploid grape cultivar'Meixiangbao',Guoshu Xuebao(Journal of Fruit Science),34(1):115-118(唐晓萍,董志刚,李晓梅,谭伟,马小河,赵旗峰,王敏,2017,早熟四倍体葡萄新品种‘玫香宝’的选育,果树学报,34(1):115-118)
Vandenhout H.,and Ortiz R.,1995,Effect of ploidy on stomatal and other quantitative traits in pantain and banana hybrids,Euphytica,83(2):117-122
Wang N.,Liu M.J.,Dai L.,and Qin Z.Y.,2005,In vitro tetraploid induction of Ziziphus jujube'Dongzao'and Z.acidojujuba(Z.spinosa Hu)with Colchicine,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),32(6):1008-1012(王娜,刘孟军,代丽,秦子禹,2005,秋水仙素离体诱导冬枣和酸枣四倍体,园艺学报,32(6):1008-1012)
Wang S.D.,Liu J.C.,Ji W.P.,Lan Y.P.,Yan Y.W.,and Zhou J.H.,2010,Studies on 2n pollen induced by colchicine in nectarine[Prunus persica(L.)Batsch.var.nectarina(Ait.)Maxim.]'Lichun',Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),37(7):1155-1160(王尚德,刘佳棽,吉王鹏,兰彦平,姚砚武,周家华,2010,常虹秋水仙素诱导油桃‘丽春’2 n花粉的研究,园艺学报,37(7):1155-1160)
Wu R.J.,and Wang Y.S.,2011,Breeding of bud mutation tetraploid red globe grape variety'Hongtaiyang',Shanxi Guoshu(Shanxi Fruits),(3):3-4(武瑞俊,王耀胜,2011,红地球葡萄四倍体芽变新品种红太阳的选育,山西果树,(3):3-4)
Wu X.H.,2008,Plant regeneration from anther and aequirement of haploidin Chinese Jujube,Thesis for M.S.,Agriculture U-niversity of Hebei,Supervisors:Liu M.J.,and Wang J.R.,pp.28-35(武晓红,2008,枣花药再生植株及单倍体的获得,硕士学位论文,河北农业大学,导师:刘孟军,王玖瑞,pp.28-35)
Xu X.W.,2005,Study on chemical inducement of Vitis davidii with Colchicine,Thesis for M.S.,Agriculture University of Hunan,Supervisor:Shi X.H.,pp.20,29(徐小万,2005,秋水仙素诱导刺葡萄四倍体的研究,硕士学位论文,湖南农业大学,导师:石雪晖,pp.20,29)
Xue G.R.,Fei K.W.,and Hu J.,1998,Obtaining haploid plantlets of strawberry(Fragaria orientalis A Los.)by anther culture in vitro,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),8(1):9-13(薛光荣,费开伟,胡军,1981,草莓花药离体培养获得单倍体植株,园艺学报,8(1):9-13)
Zhang B.X.,Li L.,Yang G.H.,and Gao Q.Y.,2011,Study on tetraploid induction of Jingxiu grape,Dongbei Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Northeast Agricultural University),42(7):91-96(张丙秀,李璐,杨国慧,高庆玉,2011,京秀葡萄四倍体诱变研究,东北农业大学学报,42(7):91-96)
Zhang J.Y.,Li G.P.,Qiao Y.S.,Wang M.,Li J.F.,and Zhang Z.,2009,Effects of colchicine on regeneration and polyploid induction from leaf in vitro of strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa),Zhiwuziyuan Yu Huanjing Xuebao(Journal of Plant Resources and Environment),18(3):69-73(张计育,李国平,乔玉山,王萌,李金凤,章镇,2009,秋水仙素对草莓离体叶片再生和多倍体诱导的影响,植物资源与环境学报,18(3):69-73)
Zhang S.C.,Wei A.Z.,and Yang T.X.,2011,Advances in the research and application of haploid and doubled haploid technologies in fruit trees,Guoshu Xuebao(Journal of Fruit Science),28(5):869-874(张圣仓,魏安智,杨途熙,2011,果树单倍体和加倍单倍体(DH)技术研究与应用进展,果树学报,28(5):869-874)
Zhao S.L.,Wang J.,Ge Y.X.,Shen Y.J.,Lin S.H.,and Li X.H.,2003,Observation on a hermaphrodite tetraploid germplasm of Vitis amurensis Rupr,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),30(4):436-438(赵淑兰,王军,葛玉香,沈育杰,林盛华,李晓红,2003,完全花山葡萄四倍体种质的发现及鉴定,园艺学报,30(4):436-438)
Zhao Y.Q.,Wu X.X.,Zheng H.,Lu H.,and Guo Y.D.,2012,Regenerating haploid callus and plantlets from anther culture of strawberry'Sweet Charlie'and'Akihime',Zhongguo Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of China Agricultural University),17(5):39-45(赵永钦,吴新新,郑禾,路河郭仰东,2012,草莓‘甜查理’和‘章姬’花药培养及单倍体植株的获得,中国农业大学学报,17(5):39-45)
Bueno M.A.,Pintos B.,Prado M.J.,and Manzanera J.A.,2004,Androgenesis:a tool for woody plant breeding,Recent Res.Devel.Genet.Breed.,1:365-383
Chen X.Z.,and Luo Z.R.,2005,Ploidy verification of regenerated plants of Eshi 1 persimmon from in vitro leaves treated with colchicine,Guoshu Xuebao(Joxurnal of Fruit Science),22(5):554-556(陈绪中,罗正荣,2005,鄂柿1号离体叶片秋水仙素诱导和再生植株倍性鉴定,果树学报,22(5):554-556)
Chen Z.W.,2016,Haploid-diploid protoplast fusion and ploidy analysis of regenerated callus lines in citrus,Thesis for M.S.,Huazhong Agricutrual University,Supervisor:Guo W.W.,pp.14(陈智炜,2016,柑橘单倍体-二倍体原生质体融合及其再生愈伤的倍性分析,硕士学位论文,华中农业大学,导师:郭文武,pp.14)
Costich D.E.,Ortiz R.,Meagher T.R.,Bruederle L.P.,and Vorsa N.,1993,Determination of ploidy level and nuclear DNAcontent in blueberry by flow cytometry,Theor.Appl.Genet.,86(8):1001-1006
Einset J.,1952,Spontaneous polyploidy in cultivated apples,Amer.Sco.Hort.Sci.,59:291-302
Fei K.W.,and Xue G.R.,1981,Induction of haploid plantlets by anther culture in vitro in apple cv.'delicious',Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Scientia Agricultura Sinica),14(4):41-44,98(费开伟,薛光荣,1981,“元帅”苹果花培单倍体植株的诱导,中国农业科学,14(4):41-44,98)
GermanàM.A.,and Chiancone B.,2003,Improvement of Citrus clementina Hort.ex Tan.microspore-derived embryoid induction and regeneration,Plant Cell Rep.,22(3):181-187
He D.Y.,Sun S.,Cui D.C.,and Chen Z.G.,2001,Apple haploid induction by pollination with high dose irradiated pollen,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),28(3):194-199(何道一,孙山,崔德才,陈振光,2001,应用高剂量辐射花粉授粉及幼胚培养诱导苹果单倍体,园艺学报,28(3):194-199)
Hofer M.,2004,In vitro androgenesis in apple-improvement of the induction phase,Plant Cell Rep.,22(6):365-370
Hofer M.,Gomez A.,Aguiriano E.,Manzanera J.A.,and Bueno M.A.,2002,Analysis of simple sequence repeat markers in homozygous lines of apple,Plant Breeding,121(2):159-162
Li S.L.,Cao Y.F.,Huang L.S.,and Yang Y.L.,1998,Observation on chromosome number of hybrid progeny dayali and pear cultivars with different ploidy,Tianjin Nongxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Tianjin Agricultural University),5(4):1-7(李树玲,曹玉芬,黄礼森,杨有龙,1998,大鸭梨与不同倍性梨品种杂交后代染色体数目鉴定,天津农学院学报,5(4):1-7)
Li X.Y.,Zhang Z.D.,Li Y.D.,Wu L.,and Liu H.G.,2010,Study on polyploid induction of blueberry in vitro with c olchicine treatment,Dongbei Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Northeast Agricultural University),41(1):38-42(李晓艳,张志东,李亚东,吴林,刘海广,2010,秋水仙素诱导离体培养越橘多倍体研究,东北农业大学学报,41(1):38-42)
Li Y.,Shi Y.P.,Shu H.R.,and Wang Q.S.,1998,Use of flow cotometry for identification of ploidy in apple,Xibei Zhiwu Xuebao(Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica),18(4):499-504(李贇,石荫坪,束怀瑞,王强生,1998,利用流式细胞光度术鉴定苹果倍性的研究,西北植物学报,18(4):499-504)
Liu Q.Z.,Ma H.Y.,Wei H.R.,Ai C.X.,Zhang L.S.,Zhao Y.,Luo B.T.,and Han Z.H.,2008,Regeneration of hexaploid plants of cherry dwarf rootstock'Gisela6'from in vitro leaves treated with colchicine,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),35(2):285-288(刘庆忠,马怀宇,魏海蓉,艾呈祥,张力思,赵彦,罗伯特,戴维斯,韩振海,2008,秋水仙素诱导樱桃矮化砧木‘吉塞拉6号’获得六倍体再生植株,园艺学报,35(2):285-288)
Liu Q.Z.,Zhao H.J.,Liu P.,Mong R.,and Freddi H.,2001,Regeneration of tetraploid plants of royal gala apple variety from in vitro leave treated with colchicine,Guoshu Xuebao(Journal of Fruit Science),18(1):7-10(刘庆忠,赵红军,刘鹏,Mong R.,Freddi H.,2001,秋水仙素处理离体叶片获得皇家嘎拉苹果四倍体植株,果树学报,18(1):7-10)
Ma A.H.,Fan P.G.,Sun J.S.,and Li S.H.,2005,Study on induction of tetraploid grapes,Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Scientia Agricultura Sinica),38(8):1645-1651(马爱红,范培格,孙建设,李邵华,2005,四倍体葡萄诱导技术的研究,中国农业科学,38(8):1645-1651)
Niu M.M.,2012,Study of gynogenesis in vitro to induce haploid plants in melon,Thesis for M.S.,Northeast Agricultural U-niversity,Supervisor:Luan S.F.,pp.24-33(牛明明,2012,甜瓜离体雌核发育诱导单倍体研究,硕士学位论文,东北农业大学,导师:栾时非,pp.24-33)
Perera P.I.,Perera L.,Hocher V.,Verdeil J.L.,Yakandawala D.M.,and Weerakoon L.K.,2008,Use of SSR marker to determine the anther-derived homozygous lines in coconut,Plant Cell Rep.,27(11):1697-1703
Qi Y.S.,2009,Studied on inducement of tetraploid and progeny in biology of grapes,Dissertation for Ph.D.,Agriculture U-niversity of Hebei,Supervisor:Du G.Q.,and Zhang Z.H.,pp.9-11(齐永顺,2009,葡萄四倍体诱导及其生物学研究,博士学位论文,河北农业大学,导师:杜国强,张志华,pp.9-11)
Qian C.,2006,Studies on identifying and tetraploid inducing in bud mutration of'white banana'grape,Thesis for M.S.,Southwest University,Supervisors:Liang G.L.,pp.37-39(钱春,2006,白香蕉葡萄芽变突变体鉴定及四倍体诱导研究,硕士学位论文,西南大学,导师:梁国鲁,pp.37-39)
Sauton A.,and Dumas du Vaulx R.,1987,Obtention de plantes haploids chez le melon(Cucumis melo L.)par gynogenese induite par du pollen irradie,Agronomie,7(2):141-148
Shi J.,Zheng W.J.,Ren G.L.,Li Z.,and Li L.,2012,On tetraploid induction of Vaccinium L.by colchicine,Xi’nan Shifan Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)),37(4):102-107(石佳,郑文娟,任广炼,李政,李凌,2012,秋水仙素诱导越橘四倍体研究,西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),37(4):102-107)
Tang X.P.,Dong Z.G.,Li X.M.,Tan W.,Ma X.H.,Zhao Q.F.,and Wang M.,2017,A new early season tetraploid grape cultivar'Meixiangbao',Guoshu Xuebao(Journal of Fruit Science),34(1):115-118(唐晓萍,董志刚,李晓梅,谭伟,马小河,赵旗峰,王敏,2017,早熟四倍体葡萄新品种‘玫香宝’的选育,果树学报,34(1):115-118)
Vandenhout H.,and Ortiz R.,1995,Effect of ploidy on stomatal and other quantitative traits in pantain and banana hybrids,Euphytica,83(2):117-122
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