基于着粒密度的湖北省水稻穗型分类及其与产量和品质的关系研究
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摘要
采用2017年湖北省中稻区试汇总报告中74个品种的产量构成因素、产量、稻米品质等数据,选用着粒密度进行聚类分析,并参考前人的分类标准,确定出着粒密度的穗型划分标准;进一步通过回归分析和方差分析探究着粒密度与产量的关系,并对穗型与稻米品质的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,74个水稻(Oryza sative L.)品种的穗部性状存在差异,变异系数从大到小依次为着粒密度、千粒重、穗粒数、有效穗、结实率、穗长,着粒密度的变异系数超过10%;74个品种按照着粒密度划分为3类穗型,着粒密度大于7.96粒/cm的为密穗型,小于6.85粒/cm的为稀穗型,介于两者之间的为中穗型;这3种穗型的品种在穗长、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、着粒密度等指标上存在显著差异;产量与着粒密度呈典型抛物线关系(F=17.83,P<0.01),着粒密度为7.5～8.5粒/cm时产量达到峰值;中穗型的外观品质(垩白粒率、垩白度)、加工品质(出糙率、精米率、整精米率)、蒸煮品质(胶稠度、碱消值)均优于稀穗型和密穗型。因此,为保证选育高产且优质的水稻品种,应把着粒密度控制在7.5～8.0粒/cm。
Using the date of yield components, yield, and rice quality of 74 varieties from the mid-season regional trial summary report in Hubei in 2017, cluster analysis was carried out by grain density, and on the basis of this result the classification standard of grain density were determined by reference to the classification of predecessors. The relationship between grain density and yield was analyzed by regression analysis and variance analysis, and the correlation between panicle type and rice quality was analyzed. The results showed that there were differences in panicle traits among 74 rice(Oryza sative L.)cultivars. The coefficients of variation according to the order from big to small is grain density, 1 000-grain weight, grain number, panicle number, seed setting rate, panicle length. 74 varieties were divided into three types based on the grain density in panicle, including the dense panicle type, the loose panicle type and the semi-dense panicle type. The grain density was higher than 7.96 grain/cm for the dense panicle type, less than 6.85 grain/cm for the loose panicle type, and between 6.85 and 7.86 for the semi-dense panicle type. There were significant differences in panicle length, grain number,seed setting rate,1 000-grain weight, grain density among these three type varieties. Yield and grain density showed a typical parabolic relationship(F=17.83,P<0.01), and the yield reached the highest when the grain density was between 7.5 and 8.5 grains/cm. The appearance quality(chalky grain rate, chalkiness), milling quality(brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate) and cooking quality(gel consistency, alkali spreading value) of the dense panicle type were better than the loose panicle type and the semi-dense panicle type. Therefore, in order to ensure the high yield and high quality of the new varieties to be selected, it is necessary to control the grain density between 7.5 and 8.0 grain/cm as much as possible.
Using the date of yield components, yield, and rice quality of 74 varieties from the mid-season regional trial summary report in Hubei in 2017, cluster analysis was carried out by grain density, and on the basis of this result the classification standard of grain density were determined by reference to the classification of predecessors. The relationship between grain density and yield was analyzed by regression analysis and variance analysis, and the correlation between panicle type and rice quality was analyzed. The results showed that there were differences in panicle traits among 74 rice(Oryza sative L.)cultivars. The coefficients of variation according to the order from big to small is grain density, 1 000-grain weight, grain number, panicle number, seed setting rate, panicle length. 74 varieties were divided into three types based on the grain density in panicle, including the dense panicle type, the loose panicle type and the semi-dense panicle type. The grain density was higher than 7.96 grain/cm for the dense panicle type, less than 6.85 grain/cm for the loose panicle type, and between 6.85 and 7.86 for the semi-dense panicle type. There were significant differences in panicle length, grain number,seed setting rate,1 000-grain weight, grain density among these three type varieties. Yield and grain density showed a typical parabolic relationship(F=17.83,P<0.01), and the yield reached the highest when the grain density was between 7.5 and 8.5 grains/cm. The appearance quality(chalky grain rate, chalkiness), milling quality(brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate) and cooking quality(gel consistency, alkali spreading value) of the dense panicle type were better than the loose panicle type and the semi-dense panicle type. Therefore, in order to ensure the high yield and high quality of the new varieties to be selected, it is necessary to control the grain density between 7.5 and 8.0 grain/cm as much as possible.
引文
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[12]马均,马文波,周开达,等.水稻不同穗型品种穗颈节间组织与籽粒充实特性的研究[J].作物学报,2002,28(2):215-220.
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[15]姚海根,姚坚,汤美玲,等.近20年来浙江省晚粳稻和晚糯稻品种推广应用概况及今后育种方向[J].浙江农业科学,2000(4):3-7.
[16]鲍根良,奚永安.粳稻垩白与产量性状、品质性状及其它性状的相关分析[J].浙江农业学报,1997,9(1):1-4.
[17]张小明,石春海,富田桂.粳稻米淀粉特性与食味间的相关性分析[J].中国水稻科学,2002,16(2):157-161.
[2]周开达,马玉清,刘太清,等.杂交水稻亚种间重穗型组合选育———杂交水稻超高产育种的理论与实践[J].四川农业大学学报,1995,13(4):403-407.
[3]徐正进,陈温福,张龙步.直立和弯曲穗型水稻冠层光分布比较初报[J].辽宁农业科学,1990(3):8-12.
[4]孟维韧,王伯伦,吕军,等.水稻着粒密度对产量和品质形成的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2009,28(3):262-267.
[5]徐正进,陈温福,张龙步,等.水稻不同穗型群体冠层光分布的比较研究[J].中国农业科学,1990,23(4):10-16.
[6]徐正进,陈温福,周洪飞,等.直立穗型水稻群体生理生态特性及其利用前景[J].科学通报,1996,41(12):1122-1126.
[7]张文忠,徐正进,陈温福,等.直立穗型水稻研究进展[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2002,33(6):471-475.
[8]徐正进,陈温福,张龙步,等.水稻品质性状的品种间差异及其与产量关系的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1993,24(3):217-223.
[9]吕文彦,曹萍,邵国军,等.辽宁省主要水稻品种品质性状研究[J].辽宁农业科学,1997(5):7-11.
[10]徐大勇,杜永,方兆伟,等.江淮稻区不同穗型粳稻品种主要农艺和品质特性的比较分析[J].作物学报,2006,32(3):379-384.
[11]陈峰,高洁,周继华,等.水稻穗型的研究进展[J].江苏农业学报,2009,25(5):1167-1172.
[12]马均,马文波,周开达,等.水稻不同穗型品种穗颈节间组织与籽粒充实特性的研究[J].作物学报,2002,28(2):215-220.
[13]贾宝艳,蒋文春,王术,等.粳稻品质与穗部性状关系的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004,35(4):340-345.
[14]王伯伦,刘新安,陈健,等.1949年以来辽宁省水稻发展形势的分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2002,33(2):83-86.
[15]姚海根,姚坚,汤美玲,等.近20年来浙江省晚粳稻和晚糯稻品种推广应用概况及今后育种方向[J].浙江农业科学,2000(4):3-7.
[16]鲍根良,奚永安.粳稻垩白与产量性状、品质性状及其它性状的相关分析[J].浙江农业学报,1997,9(1):1-4.
[17]张小明,石春海,富田桂.粳稻米淀粉特性与食味间的相关性分析[J].中国水稻科学,2002,16(2):157-161.