青稞抗倒伏性状的基因型差异
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摘要
【目的】倒伏是影响青稞生产和产量的主要原因之一。筛选与青稞抗倒伏性密切相关的性状并构建抗倒伏评价体系,是开展青稞抗倒伏品种选育的重要理论依据。【方法】通过对35份青稞种质资源根系、茎秆和穗部23个农艺性状进行方差分析,明确不同基因型间各性状的差异性。采用相关分析筛选出与青稞抗倒伏性密切相关的指标,并通过主成分分析和线性回归分析构建完成青稞抗倒伏评价体系。【结果】不同基因型青稞材料在同一性状间表现出较大差异,且农艺性状在基因型间的差异均极显著,农艺性状中倒伏率的遗传变异最丰富;同一参试材料的农艺性状在两个生态区间差异较大,海北高寒生态区试点各基因型的遗传变异较丰富;各性状的基因型与环境因素间存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。相关分析结果表明茎秆强度同青稞抗倒伏性关系最为密切,并通过抗倒伏指标构建青稞抗倒伏评价体系。青稞分蘖数过多、第三和第四茎节过长易引起植株倒伏。根干重大、茎秆重、茎秆壁厚、茎秆强度大是植株固持能力强、抗倒伏伏性优异的原因。【结论】分蘖数、穗重、茎长、茎重、茎秆强度适合作为青稞抗倒伏性评价指标,验证结果表明抗倒伏评价体系较可靠,可用于青稞种质的抗倒伏性评价。
【Objective】Lodging has become one of the main factors affecting the production and yield of hulless barley. Screening the traits closely related to the lodging resistance and constructing the lodging resistance evaluation system is an important theoretical basis for the breeding of hulless barley varieties. 【Method】23 agronomic traits in roots, stems, and ears related to the lodging of 35 hulless barley germplasms were analyzed by statistical method. The variance analysis was carried out to identify the differences among different traits, and correlation analysis was used to screen out the traits which closely related to the lodging resistance. The indexes were finally constructed by principal component analysis and linear stepwise regression analysis to construct a hulless barley resistance evaluation system. 【Result】 The results showed that different genotypes of barley cultivars had larger differences among the same traits, and the differences of genotypes among the phenotypic traits were extremely significant, among this, the genetic variation of lodging rate was the most abundant. The agronomic traits of the same genotypes were greatly affected between different ecoregion, and the genetic variation of the genotypes in Haibei alpine farming-pastoral ecotone was abundant. There were significant interaction effects between genotypes of various traits and environmental factors(P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the stem strength was most closely related to the lodging resistance of the hulless barley, which was used lodging resistance index to construct the lodging resistance evaluation system. When the plant had more tiller numbers, longer third and fourth stem segments, which caused the lodging, and made the number of grains reduced, and the ear weight became lighter. When the root dry weight was heavier, the stem was heavier, the wall thickness was thicker, and the stem strength was larger, which made the plants have the stronger ability to retain and lodging resistance. 【Conclusion】Based on tiller numbers, ear weight, stem length, stem weight and stem strength, a comprehensive evaluation system for the resistance indexes of barley was constructed. The results showed that the system was reliable and could be used for the evaluation of lodging resistance of hulless barley germplasms.
【Objective】Lodging has become one of the main factors affecting the production and yield of hulless barley. Screening the traits closely related to the lodging resistance and constructing the lodging resistance evaluation system is an important theoretical basis for the breeding of hulless barley varieties. 【Method】23 agronomic traits in roots, stems, and ears related to the lodging of 35 hulless barley germplasms were analyzed by statistical method. The variance analysis was carried out to identify the differences among different traits, and correlation analysis was used to screen out the traits which closely related to the lodging resistance. The indexes were finally constructed by principal component analysis and linear stepwise regression analysis to construct a hulless barley resistance evaluation system. 【Result】 The results showed that different genotypes of barley cultivars had larger differences among the same traits, and the differences of genotypes among the phenotypic traits were extremely significant, among this, the genetic variation of lodging rate was the most abundant. The agronomic traits of the same genotypes were greatly affected between different ecoregion, and the genetic variation of the genotypes in Haibei alpine farming-pastoral ecotone was abundant. There were significant interaction effects between genotypes of various traits and environmental factors(P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the stem strength was most closely related to the lodging resistance of the hulless barley, which was used lodging resistance index to construct the lodging resistance evaluation system. When the plant had more tiller numbers, longer third and fourth stem segments, which caused the lodging, and made the number of grains reduced, and the ear weight became lighter. When the root dry weight was heavier, the stem was heavier, the wall thickness was thicker, and the stem strength was larger, which made the plants have the stronger ability to retain and lodging resistance. 【Conclusion】Based on tiller numbers, ear weight, stem length, stem weight and stem strength, a comprehensive evaluation system for the resistance indexes of barley was constructed. The results showed that the system was reliable and could be used for the evaluation of lodging resistance of hulless barley germplasms.
引文
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[23]赵威军,张福耀,常玉卉,张阳,邵荣峰,李金梅.甜高粱品系的抗倒伏伏性评价及相关分析.植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(1):58-64.ZHAO W J,ZHANG F Y,CHANG Y H,ZHANG Y,SHAO R F,LIJ M.Evaluation and correlation analysis of lodging resistance on sweet sorghum lines.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2013,14(1):58-64.(in Chinese)
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[25]OOKAWA T,YASUDA K,KATO H,SAKAI M,SETO M,SUNAGAK,MOTOBAYASHI T,TOJO S,TADASHI H.Biomass production and lodging resistance in‘Leaf Star’,a new long-culm rice forage cultivar.Plant Production Science,2010,13(1):58-66.
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[27]ZHANG J,LI G,SONG Y,LIU Z,YANG C D,TANG S,ZHENG CY,WANG S H,DING Y F.Lodging resistance characteristics of high-yielding rice populations.Field Crops Research,2014,161:64-74.
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[2]YAO X H,WU K L,YAO Y H,LI J,REN Y C,CHI D Z.The response mechanism of the HVA1 gene in hulless barley under drought stress.Italian Journal of Agronomy,2017,12(4):357-363.
[3]王勇,向波,冼季夏,江立庚,张元昶.水稻抗倒伏伏研究现状及存在的问题.广西农业科学,2007,38(2):141-144.WANG Y,XIANG B,XIAN J X,JIANG L G,ZHANG Y C.Research status and existing problems of rice resistance to lodging.Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,2007,38(2):141-144.(in Chinese)
[4]TIAN B H,LUAN S R,ZHANG L X,LIU Y L,ZHANG L,LI H J.Penalties in yield and yield associated traits caused by stem lodging at different developmental stages in summer and spring foxtail millet cultivars.Field Crops Research,2018,217:104-112.
[5]NIU L,FENG S,RU Z,LI G,ZHANG Z,WANG Z.Rapid determination of single-stalk and population lodging resistance strengths and an assessment of the stem lodging wind speeds for winter wheat.Field Crops Research,2012,139:1-8.
[6]MURAKAMI T,YUI M,AMAHA K.Canopy height measurement by photogrammetric analysis of aerial images:Application to buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)lodging evaluation.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2012,89:70-75.
[7]李杰,张洪程,龚金龙,常勇,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕.不同种植方式对超级稻植株抗倒伏伏能力的影响.中国农业科学,2011,44(11):2234-2243.LI J,ZHANG H C,GONG J L,CHANG Y,DAI Q G,HUO Z Y,XUK,WEI H Y.Effects of different planting methods on the culm lodging resistance of super rice.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(11):2234-2243.(in Chinese)
[8]DAI X,WANG Y,DONG X,QIAN T,YIN L,DONG S,CHU J,HEM.Delayed sowing can increase lodging resistance while maintaining grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat.The Crop Journal,2017,5(6):541-552.
[9]向达兵,郭凯,雷婷,于晓波,罗庆明,杨文钰.磷钾营养对套作大豆茎秆形态和抗倒性的影响.中国油料作物学报,2010,32(3):395-402.XIANG D B,GUO K,LEI T,YU X B,LUO Q M,YANG W Y.Effects of phosphorus and potassium on stem characteristics and lodging resistance of relay cropping soybean.Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2010,32(3):395-402.(in Chinese)
[10]薛金涛,张保明,董志强,赵明,黄长玲.化学调控对玉米抗倒性及产量的影响.玉米科学,2009,17(2):91-94.XUE J T,ZHANG B M,DONG Z Q,ZHAO M,HUANG C L.Effects of chemical regulation on lodging and yield of maize.Journal of Maize Sciences,2009,17(2):91-94.(in Chinese)
[11]PENG D,CHEN X,YIN Y,LU K,YANG W,TANG Y,WANG Z.Lodging resistance of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.):Lignin accumulation and its related enzymes activities due to the application of paclobutrazol or gibberellin acid.Field Crops Research,2014,157:1-7.
[12]BIAN D,JIA G,CAI L,MA Z,ENEJI A,CUI Y.Effects of tillage practices on root characteristics and root lodging resistance of maize.Field Crops Research,2016,185:89-96.
[13]陈新军,戚存扣,浦惠明,张洁夫,高建芹,傅寿仲.甘蓝型油菜抗倒伏性评价及抗倒伏性与株型结构的关系.中国油料作物学报,2007,29(1):54-57.CHEN X J,QI C K,PU H M,ZHANG J F,GAO J Q,FU S Z.Evaluation of lodging resistance in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)and relationsh ip between plant architecture and lodging resistance.Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2007,29(1):54-57.(in Chinese)
[14]ZHANG J,LI G,SONG Y,LIU Z,YANG C,TANG Y,ZHENG H,WANG S,DING Y.Lodging resistance characteristics of highyielding rice populations.Field Crops Research,2014,161:64-74.
[15]ZHU G,LI G,WANG D,YUAN S,WANG F.Changes in the lodging-related traits along with rice genetic improvement in China.PLoS ONE,2016,11(7):e0160104.
[16]HIRANO K,OKUNO A,HOBO T,ORDONIO R,SHINOZAKI Y,ASANO K,KITANO H,MATSUOKA M.Utilization of stiff culm trait of rice smos1 mutant for increased lodging resistance.PLoS ONE,2014,9(7):e96009.
[17]ROBERSON D J,JULIAS M,LEE S Y,COOK D D.Maize stalk lodging:Morphological determinants of stalk strength.Crop Science,2017,57(2):926-934.
[18]陈晓光,史春余,尹燕枰,王振林,石玉华,彭佃亮,倪英丽,蔡铁.小麦茎秆木质素代谢及其与抗倒性的关系.作物学报,2011,37(9):1616-1622.CHEN X G,SHI C Y,YIN Y P,WANG Z L,SHI Y H,PENG D L,NI Y L,CAI T.Relationship between lignin metabolism and lodging resistance in wheat.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(9):1616-1622.(in Chinese)
[19]路之娟,张永清,张楚,刘丽琴,杨春婷.不同基因型苦荞苗期抗旱性综合评价及指标筛选.中国农业科学,2017,50(17):3311-3322.LU Z J,ZHANG Y Q,ZHANG C,LIU L Q,YANG C T.Comprehensive evaluation and indicators of the drought resistance of different genotypes of Fagopyrum tataricum at seedling stage.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(17):3311-3322.(in Chinese)
[20]郑金凤,米少艳,婧姣姣,白志英,李存东.小麦代换系耐低磷生理性状的主成分分析及综合评价.中国农业科学,2013,46(10):1984-1993.ZHENG J F,MI S Y,JING J J,BAI Z Y,LI C D.Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation on physiological traits of tolerance to low phosphorus stress in wheat substitution.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(10):1984-1993.(in Chinese)
[21]刘海卿,孙万仓,刘自刚,武军艳,钱武,王志江,郭仁迪,马骊,侯献飞,刘林波.北方寒旱区白菜型冬油菜抗寒性与抗旱性评价及其关系.中国农业科学,2015,48(18):3743-3756.LIU H Q,SUN W C,LIU Z G,WU J Y,QIAN W,WANG Z J,GUOR D,MA L,HOU X F,LIU L B.Evaluation of drought resistance and cold resistance and research of their relationship at seedling stage of winter rapeseed(Brassica campestris L.)in cold and arid regions in North China.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(18):3743-3756.(in Chinese)
[22]黄中文,赵团结,喻德跃,陈受宜,盖钧镒.大豆抗倒伏伏性的评价指标及其QTL分析.作物学报,2008,34(4):605-611.HUANG Z W,ZHAO T J,YU D Y,CHEN S Y,GAI J Y.Lodging resistance indices and related QTLs in soybean.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(4):605-611.(in Chinese)
[23]赵威军,张福耀,常玉卉,张阳,邵荣峰,李金梅.甜高粱品系的抗倒伏伏性评价及相关分析.植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(1):58-64.ZHAO W J,ZHANG F Y,CHANG Y H,ZHANG Y,SHAO R F,LIJ M.Evaluation and correlation analysis of lodging resistance on sweet sorghum lines.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2013,14(1):58-64.(in Chinese)
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