煤矿工人职业倦怠与付出回报失衡的关系研究
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摘要
目的探讨煤矿工人付出回报失衡与职业倦怠的关系,为降低职业倦怠发生提供依据。方法随机抽取新疆5家煤矿中的1 500名煤矿工人进行问卷调查,调查内容包括工作倦怠问卷和付出回报失衡(Effort-Reward Imbalance,ERI)问卷,共收回有效问卷1 244份。比较不同人口学特征煤矿工人职业倦怠情况,利用简单相关和多重线性回归分析付出回报失衡与职业倦怠的关系。结果女性人格解体分数低于男性(P <0.05);工龄对情感耗竭和人格解体有显著影响(P <0.05);学历对成就感降低的得分有影响(P <0.001);年龄、倒班制度、婚姻状况以及ERI对职业倦怠评定的三个因素均有影响,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。付出回报比与内在投入和职业倦怠各维度之间均存在相关关系(P <0.01);且成就感降低与各因素之间呈负相关关系,其余均呈正相关关系。回归分析结果表明付出回报失衡模型能够解释煤矿工人中7.6%的情感耗竭、5.8%的人格解体以及1.1%的成就感降低的变异(P <0.01)。结论付出回报失衡会增加职业倦怠的情感耗竭和人格解体的发生,会降低工人成就感。企业应设置合理的工作制度以降低职业倦怠的发生。
Objective To explore the relationship between effort reward imbalance and job burnout among coal miners,so as to provide basis for reduce job burnout.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 500 coal workers randomly selected from five coal mines in Xinjiang.The job burnout questionnaire and the effort reward imbalance questionnaire were applied in the survey and a total of 1 244 valid questionnaires were collected,then analyzed the relationship between payoff imbalance and burnout by simple linear correlation and multivariable linear regression.Results The scores of three dimensions of occupational burnout in different demographics showed that the female depersonalization(DP)score was lower than that of males(P <0.05);the working age had significant influence on emotional exhaustion(EE)and personal accomplishment(PA)(P <0.05);the level of education had an effect on personal accomplishment(P <0.001);age,shift system,marital status,and ERI effected burnout assessment,and the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).There was a correlation between pay-to-reward ratio and internal investment with burnout(P <0.01).There was a negatively correlation between personal accomplishment and the various dimensions of burnout.The regression analysis showed that the payback imbalance model can explain among coal miners′7.6%of emotional exhaustion,5.8%of personality disintegration,and 1.1%reduction in achievement(P <0.01).Conclusion Effort reward imbalance can increase the occurrence of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization,and will reduce personal accomplishment.The enterprises should set up a reasonable work system to reduce the occurrence of burnout.
Objective To explore the relationship between effort reward imbalance and job burnout among coal miners,so as to provide basis for reduce job burnout.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 500 coal workers randomly selected from five coal mines in Xinjiang.The job burnout questionnaire and the effort reward imbalance questionnaire were applied in the survey and a total of 1 244 valid questionnaires were collected,then analyzed the relationship between payoff imbalance and burnout by simple linear correlation and multivariable linear regression.Results The scores of three dimensions of occupational burnout in different demographics showed that the female depersonalization(DP)score was lower than that of males(P <0.05);the working age had significant influence on emotional exhaustion(EE)and personal accomplishment(PA)(P <0.05);the level of education had an effect on personal accomplishment(P <0.001);age,shift system,marital status,and ERI effected burnout assessment,and the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).There was a correlation between pay-to-reward ratio and internal investment with burnout(P <0.01).There was a negatively correlation between personal accomplishment and the various dimensions of burnout.The regression analysis showed that the payback imbalance model can explain among coal miners′7.6%of emotional exhaustion,5.8%of personality disintegration,and 1.1%reduction in achievement(P <0.01).Conclusion Effort reward imbalance can increase the occurrence of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization,and will reduce personal accomplishment.The enterprises should set up a reasonable work system to reduce the occurrence of burnout.
引文
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[7]李富业.脑力劳动者职业紧张与职业倦怠的关系及其影响因素研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆医科大学,2008.
[8]李富业,黄云飞,刘继文,等.专业技术人员职业倦怠现状及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2010,26(8):985-986.
[9]戴俊明,余慧珠,吴建华,等.简明职业紧张问卷开发与评估模型构建[J].复旦学报(医学版),2007,34(5):656-661.
[10]俞红英.基于付出-回报失衡的工作倦怠实证研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2013.
[11]石悦.大学生学习拖延与付出-回报不平衡、行为抑制/激活系统的关系研究---一项针对某高校大学生的调查[D].成都:电子科技大学,2012.
[12]张建江,贾继民,陶宁,等.某机械装备密闭空间作业人员付出-回报失衡对工作满意度的影响[J].环境与职业医学,2016,33(11):1063-1068.
[13]范琳波,李健,尚莉,等.工作中付出-回报失衡与高校教师自评健康关系[J].工业卫生与职业病,2009,35(5):324-328.
[14]邓明明,孙林岩,孙林辉,等.煤矿工人异常心理、工作倦怠与事故倾性研究[J].人类工效学,2014,20(1):26-30.
[2]GUAN S Z,XIAERFUDING X,LI N,et al.Effect of job strain on job burnout,mental fatigue and chronic diseases among civil servants in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China[J].Int J Environ Res Pub Health,2017,14(8):872.
[3]成诚,陈思璐,周震,等.医务人员付出-回报失衡与职业倦怠关系研究[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(8):1363-1366.
[4]RASMUSSEN V,TURNELL A,BUTOW P,et al.Burnout among psychosocial oncologists:an application and extension of the effort-reward imbalance model[J].Psycho Oncology,2016,25(2):194.
[5]吴翔.付出回报不平衡、职业倦怠、健康之间的关系综述[J].武夷学院学报,2010,29(3):107-111.
[6]李富业,刘继文,连玉龙,等.脑力劳动者职业倦怠测量工具的信度和效度分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2009,27(3):156-159.
[7]李富业.脑力劳动者职业紧张与职业倦怠的关系及其影响因素研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆医科大学,2008.
[8]李富业,黄云飞,刘继文,等.专业技术人员职业倦怠现状及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2010,26(8):985-986.
[9]戴俊明,余慧珠,吴建华,等.简明职业紧张问卷开发与评估模型构建[J].复旦学报(医学版),2007,34(5):656-661.
[10]俞红英.基于付出-回报失衡的工作倦怠实证研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2013.
[11]石悦.大学生学习拖延与付出-回报不平衡、行为抑制/激活系统的关系研究---一项针对某高校大学生的调查[D].成都:电子科技大学,2012.
[12]张建江,贾继民,陶宁,等.某机械装备密闭空间作业人员付出-回报失衡对工作满意度的影响[J].环境与职业医学,2016,33(11):1063-1068.
[13]范琳波,李健,尚莉,等.工作中付出-回报失衡与高校教师自评健康关系[J].工业卫生与职业病,2009,35(5):324-328.
[14]邓明明,孙林岩,孙林辉,等.煤矿工人异常心理、工作倦怠与事故倾性研究[J].人类工效学,2014,20(1):26-30.