正负气压组合管针式西洋参集排器设计与试验
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摘要
针对西洋参种植农艺要求窄行距单粒精密播种、但缺乏适用精密播种技术与装备的问题,设计一种采用负压吸种、正压卸种的管针式集排器。分析了集排器的工作原理,确定了主要结构参数,开展了集排器并联各行气流分配均匀性仿真分析,构建了排种器吸种和卸种环节力学模型,通过台架试验测试了集排器性能。仿真分析表明,各行排种针末端种子吸附面气流流速的变异系数为2. 923%,集排器并联各行排种针流场分配较均匀;台架试验表明,集排器的单行合格指数可达90%以上;二次回归正交旋转组合试验结合响应曲面分析表明,影响合格指数的因素主次顺序为排种轴转速、吸种负压、卸种正压,集排器最佳性能工作参数组合为排种轴转速13. 10～17. 70 r/min、吸种负压4. 25～4. 50 k Pa及卸种正压2. 90 k Pa时,集排器单行的排种合格指数大于88. 50%、漏播指数小于5. 00%、重播指数小于7. 50%;选取该范围内不同工况条件进行集排器整体排种性能测试,结果表明,集排器各行排种合格指数均大于86. 30%,行间合格指数一致性变异系数小于1. 80%,各行合格指数稳定性变异系数均小于6. 20%,排种器工作性能稳定,满足西洋参精密播种要求。
Existing agronomy of American ginseng cultivated in China,which uses narrow row spacing and precision seeding,has persistent challenges that employ a seeder to improve efficiency and guarantee precision,highlighting a need for narrow row spacing precision sowing technology and equipment. The object was to explore an innovated prototype of multi narrow rows parallel tube-needle centralized seeding device to address the challenge,which combined positive and negative air pressure to suck and discharge the seed respectively. The working principle of the prototype device was introduced and main structural parameters were confirmed. The uniformity of airflow field distribution between rows of the prototype device was estimated by employing the simulation analysis. The mechanical model for seed sucking and discharging during the seeding process was constructed. Finally,the seeding performance of the prototype device was tested by bench test and the influence law of the seeding performance was investigated. The result of airflow field simulation analysis showed that the coefficient of variation on the airflow average velocity value of each seeding needle at the end adsorption surface was 2. 923%,which proved that the airflow field of the centralized seeding device designed was evenly distributed. The bench test results showed that the seeding qualified index of the prototype device reached more than 90%. Combined with the quadratic regression rotation orthogonal combination test and response surface analysis,it was showed that the primary and secondary factors affecting seeding qualified index and missing index were rotating speed of the seed meter shaft,the negative pressure and the positive pressure successively. The optimal working parameters combination was optimized as the row axis speed of 13. 10 ～ 17. 70 r/min,the negative pressure of 4. 25 ～ 4. 50 kPa,and the positive pressure of 2. 90 k Pa. Within the optimal condition range,the qualified index of a single row was greater than 88. 50%,the missing index was less than 5. 00% and the multiple index was less than 7. 50%. The difference working conditions in the optimal condition range were selected to estimate the overall performance of the prototype device. The result showed that each row qualified index of centralized seeding device was greater than 86. 30%,the consistency coefficient of variation for each row was less than 1. 80% and the stability coefficient of variation for each row was less than 6. 20%,which confirmed that the seed metering device worked stably and achieved the precision seed metering requirements for American ginseng sowing. The research result provided the core device for further developing American ginseng seeder adapted to the precision planting agronomic requirements.
Existing agronomy of American ginseng cultivated in China,which uses narrow row spacing and precision seeding,has persistent challenges that employ a seeder to improve efficiency and guarantee precision,highlighting a need for narrow row spacing precision sowing technology and equipment. The object was to explore an innovated prototype of multi narrow rows parallel tube-needle centralized seeding device to address the challenge,which combined positive and negative air pressure to suck and discharge the seed respectively. The working principle of the prototype device was introduced and main structural parameters were confirmed. The uniformity of airflow field distribution between rows of the prototype device was estimated by employing the simulation analysis. The mechanical model for seed sucking and discharging during the seeding process was constructed. Finally,the seeding performance of the prototype device was tested by bench test and the influence law of the seeding performance was investigated. The result of airflow field simulation analysis showed that the coefficient of variation on the airflow average velocity value of each seeding needle at the end adsorption surface was 2. 923%,which proved that the airflow field of the centralized seeding device designed was evenly distributed. The bench test results showed that the seeding qualified index of the prototype device reached more than 90%. Combined with the quadratic regression rotation orthogonal combination test and response surface analysis,it was showed that the primary and secondary factors affecting seeding qualified index and missing index were rotating speed of the seed meter shaft,the negative pressure and the positive pressure successively. The optimal working parameters combination was optimized as the row axis speed of 13. 10 ～ 17. 70 r/min,the negative pressure of 4. 25 ～ 4. 50 kPa,and the positive pressure of 2. 90 k Pa. Within the optimal condition range,the qualified index of a single row was greater than 88. 50%,the missing index was less than 5. 00% and the multiple index was less than 7. 50%. The difference working conditions in the optimal condition range were selected to estimate the overall performance of the prototype device. The result showed that each row qualified index of centralized seeding device was greater than 86. 30%,the consistency coefficient of variation for each row was less than 1. 80% and the stability coefficient of variation for each row was less than 6. 20%,which confirmed that the seed metering device worked stably and achieved the precision seed metering requirements for American ginseng sowing. The research result provided the core device for further developing American ginseng seeder adapted to the precision planting agronomic requirements.
引文
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[4]王业成,靳亚东,罗嗣博,等.集排式大豆精量排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(6):112-118.WANG Yecheng,JIN Yadong,LUO Sibo,et al. Design and experiment of centralized precision soybean seed-metering device[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):112-118. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180613&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2018. 06. 013.(in Chinese)
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[6] YAZGI A,DEGIRMENCIOGLU A. Measurement of seed spacing uniformity performance of a precision metering unit as function of the number of holes on vacuum plate[J]. Measurement,2014,56(10):128-135.
[7]杨丽,颜丙新,张东兴,等.玉米精密播种技术研究进展[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):38-48.YANG Li,YAN Bingxin,ZHANG Dongxing,et al. Research progress on precision planting technology of maize[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):38-48. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20161106&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 11.006.(in Chinese)
[8] GAIKWAD B B,SIROHI N P S. Design of a low-cost pneumatic seeder for nursery plug trays[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2008,99(4):322-329.
[9]廖庆喜,雷小龙,廖宜涛,等.油菜精量播种技术研究进展[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(9):1-16.LIAO Qingxi,LEI Xiaolong,LIAO Yitao,et al. Research progress of precision seeding for rapeseed[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):1-16. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170901&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 09. 001.(in Chinese)
[10] LI Y,BINGXIN Y,YIMING Y,et al. Global overview of research progress and development of precision maize planters[J].International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,2016,9(1):9-26.
[11]陈海涛,李桐辉,王洪飞,等.气吸滚筒式垄上三行大豆密植排种器设计与参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(17):16-24.CHEN Haitao,LI Tonghui,WANG Hongfei,et al. Design and parameter optimization of pneumatic cylinder ridge three-row close-planting seed-metering device for soybean[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(17):16-24.(in Chinese)
[12]赖庆辉,高筱钧,张智泓.三七气吸滚筒式排种器充种性能模拟与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):27-37.LAI Qinghui,GAO Xiaojun,ZHANG Zhihong. Simulation and experiment of seed-filling performance of pneumatic cylinder seed-metering device for Panax notoginseng[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):27-37. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20160505&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 05. 005.(in Chinese)
[13]赖庆辉,马文鹏,刘素,等.气吸圆盘式微型薯排种器充种性能模拟与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(5):44-53.LAI Qinghui,MA Wenpeng,LIU Su,et al. Simulation and experiment on seed-filling performance of pneumatic disc seedmetering device for mini-tuber[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(5):44-53. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170505&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 05. 005.(in Chinese)
[14]高筱钧,周金华,赖庆辉.中草药三七气吸滚筒式精密排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):20-28.GAO Xiaojun,ZHOU Jinhua,LAI Qinghui. Design and experiment of pneumatic cylinder precision seed-metering device for Panax notoginseng[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(2):20-28.(in Chinese)
[15]李莹莹.气吸滚筒式滇重楼精密排种器设计与试验研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2016.LI Yingying. The design and reserch on the air-suction roller precision metering device of Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanensis[D]. Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[16]夏红梅,李志伟,甄文斌,等.气力板式蔬菜排种器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(6):56-60.XIA Hongmei,LI Zhiwei,ZHEN Wenbin,et al. Design and experiment of the vegetable seed metering device in pneumatic plate-type[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(6):56-60.(in Chinese)
[17]夏红梅,李志伟,牛菊菊,等.气力滚筒式蔬菜穴盘播种机吸排种动力学模型的研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(1):141-146.XIA Hongmei,LI Zhiwei,NIU Juju,et al. Dynamic model for metering process for pneumatic roller-type vegetable seeder[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(1):141-146.(in Chinese)
[18]刘晓蛟,尚书旗,王东伟,等.气力式西洋参排种装置的设计与试验研究[J].农机化研究,2017,39(3):213-217.LIU Xiaojiao,SHANG Shuqi,WANG Dongwei,et al. Design and experimental research of physical strength type seedmetering device for panax quinquefol[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(3):213-217.(in Chinese)
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