白卡纸格栅拱架承载力试验
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摘要
目的研究格栅拱架的极限承载力及其破坏形态.方法笔者以竞赛用巴西白卡纸为材料,建立缩尺直墙拱结构形式的格栅拱架进行承载力试验.分别从理论计算、有限元模拟和分级静力加载试验三方面研究该形式格栅拱架的承载性能.结果静力加载的试验结果与数值模拟效果较为吻合,破坏位置与破坏形式一致,均发生在拱顶两侧支撑和拱架的横撑部位.分级加载过程中,前三级试件变形和砂土沉降变化较小,第四级加载出现严重破坏,得出承载力为2 700 N.模拟其他尺寸试件进行对比分析可得,改变直径和厚度对试件影响较小,变形量在10%以内.结论栅拱架模型极限承载力和破坏形态可为结构优化与局部加固提供参照.同时格栅拱架承载能力高,且耗材少,结构自重小,有效达到了节约资源的效果.
To study the ultimate bearing capacity and failure modes of grille arch,the grille arch in the form of reduced scale straight-wall-arch structure,which was made of the Brazil white cardboard for competition,was established to study the bearing capacity.The bearing capacity of this grille arch is analyzed from three aspects:theoretical calculation,finite element simulation and staged static loading test.The results of static loading test are in good agreement with the results of numerical simulation,and the failure position is consistent with the failure mode,both occurring in the supports on both sides of the vault and the cross supports of the arch.In the graded loading process,the specimen deformation and sand settlement change slightly in the first three stages.Serious damage occurred during the fourth stage loading,and its bearing capacity was 2 700 N.In the simulation of specimens of other sizes,the comparative analysis shows that changing the diameter and thickness has little influence on the specimens,and the deformation is less than 10 %.The ultimate bearing capacity and failure mode of the grille arch model can provide reference for structural optimization and local reinforcement.The grille arch has high bearing capacity,less material consumption and small structural weight,thus effectively achieving the effect of saving resources.
To study the ultimate bearing capacity and failure modes of grille arch,the grille arch in the form of reduced scale straight-wall-arch structure,which was made of the Brazil white cardboard for competition,was established to study the bearing capacity.The bearing capacity of this grille arch is analyzed from three aspects:theoretical calculation,finite element simulation and staged static loading test.The results of static loading test are in good agreement with the results of numerical simulation,and the failure position is consistent with the failure mode,both occurring in the supports on both sides of the vault and the cross supports of the arch.In the graded loading process,the specimen deformation and sand settlement change slightly in the first three stages.Serious damage occurred during the fourth stage loading,and its bearing capacity was 2 700 N.In the simulation of specimens of other sizes,the comparative analysis shows that changing the diameter and thickness has little influence on the specimens,and the deformation is less than 10 %.The ultimate bearing capacity and failure mode of the grille arch model can provide reference for structural optimization and local reinforcement.The grille arch has high bearing capacity,less material consumption and small structural weight,thus effectively achieving the effect of saving resources.
引文
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[16] HARALD U,ANDREAS K.Lattice girders with I-sections and slotted gusset plates—tests and simulations for overall behaviour and compression member capacity[J].Journal of constructional steel research,2017,129:195-203.
[17] SEUNGJUN K.Evaluation of the structural performance of tetragonal lattice girders[J].International journal of steel structures,2016,13(1):31-47.
[18] 叶观宝,张振,徐超.加筋土挡墙模型试验研究[J].勘察科学技术,2010(2):3-5.(YE Guanbao,ZHANG Zhen,XU Chao.Model experimental research of reinforced earth retaining[J].Survey science and technology,2010(2):3-5.)
[2] OKE J,LACHOPOULOS N V,DIEDERICHS M S.Numerical analyses in the design of umbrella arch systems[J].Journal of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering,2014,6(6):546-564.
[3] 周顺华.软弱地层浅埋暗挖施工中管棚法的棚架原理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2565-2570.(ZHOU Shunhua.Principles of pipe roof applied to shallow-buried tunnels in soft ground[J].Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering,2005,24(14):2565-2570.)
[4] 曲海峰,朱合华,黄成造,等.隧道初期支护的钢拱架与钢格栅选择研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(2):258-262.(QU Haifeng,ZHU Hehua,HUANG Chengzao,et al.Study on selection of section-steel and g rid-steel in prmiary support system of tunnel[J].Chinese journal of underground space and engineering,2007,3(2):258-262.)
[5] HISATAKE M.Effects of pipe roof supports and the excavation method on the displacements above a tunnel face[J].Tunneling and underground space technology,2008,3(2):120-127.
[6] 王梦恕.地下工程浅埋暗挖技术通论[M].合肥:安徽教育出版社,2004.(WANG Mengshu.General theory of shallow and dark excavation technology in underground engineering[M].Hefei:Anhui Education Press,2004.)
[7] 谭忠盛,喻渝,王明年,等.大断面黄土隧道中型钢与格栅适应性的对比试验[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(4):628-633.(TAN Zhongsheng,YU Yu,WANG Mingnian,et al.Comparative tests on section steel and steel grille for loesstunnels with large section[J].Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering,2009,31(4):628-633.)
[8] 黄宏伟,徐凌.大风垭口岩石公路隧道围岩及初期支护变形与内力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):44-52.(HUANG Hongwei,XU Ling.Study on deformation and internal force of surrounding rocks and initial support in Dafengyakou rock road tunnel[J].Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering,2004,23(1):44-52.)
[9] NOMIKOSP P.Nonlinear simulation of lattice girder segment tests[J].Tunneling and underground space technology,2013,38:180-188.
[10] GENG D.Performance evaluation of long pipe roof for tunneling below existing highway based on field tests and numerical analysis:case study[J].International journal of geomechanics,2017,9(17):1-8.
[11] 陈峰宾.隧道初期支护与软弱围岩作用机理及应用[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.(CHEN Fengbin.Application and mechanism of initial support and surrounding rock in weak rock tunnel[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2012.)
[12] 贾新聪.结构竞赛模型材料物理力学性能及模型设计制作研究[D].郑州:华北水利水电大学,2018.(JIA Xincong.Research on physical and mechanical properties and design and manufacture of structural competition model materials[D].Zhengzhou:North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,2018.)
[13] 朱合华,张子新,廖少明.地下建筑结构 [M].3版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015.(ZHU Hehua,ZHANG Zixin,LIAO Shaoming.Underground building structure [M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2015.)
[14] 方明伟,王丹,殷玲,等.承受分层竖向荷载及单向水平荷载的巴西白卡纸结构模型的研究[J].呼伦贝尔学院学报,2016,24(6):67-77.(FANG Mingwei,WANG Dan,YIN Ling,et al.Research on the Brazilian white cardboard structure model subjected to layered vertical load and unidirectional horizontal load[J].Journal of Hulunbuir college,2016,24(6):67-77.)
[15] 刘承斌,王步宇,孙凤钢,等.结构设计大赛材料性能试验[J].试验室研究与探索,2007,26(10):178-182.(LIU Chengbin,WANG Buyu,SUN Fenggang,et al.Material characteristics experiment of structural competition[J].Research and exploration in laboratory,2007,26(10):178-182.
[16] HARALD U,ANDREAS K.Lattice girders with I-sections and slotted gusset plates—tests and simulations for overall behaviour and compression member capacity[J].Journal of constructional steel research,2017,129:195-203.
[17] SEUNGJUN K.Evaluation of the structural performance of tetragonal lattice girders[J].International journal of steel structures,2016,13(1):31-47.
[18] 叶观宝,张振,徐超.加筋土挡墙模型试验研究[J].勘察科学技术,2010(2):3-5.(YE Guanbao,ZHANG Zhen,XU Chao.Model experimental research of reinforced earth retaining[J].Survey science and technology,2010(2):3-5.)