TLS技术在森林资源调查中的应用现状与展望
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摘要
森林资源调查是森林经营管理的基础,传统的调查与监测方法工作量大,费时费力,难以满足目前的监测研究需求。地基激光雷达(Terrestrial Laser Scanning,简称TLS)是一种主动遥感技术,提供一种非破坏性三维测量手段,能够获取目标对象高精度3D点云数据,自动化提取森林调查属性参数,在森林参数反演方面具有独特优势。介绍了TLS工作原理、技术特点以及林业应用现状,讨论了TLS在森林调查中的优缺点,并对其未来在林业应用前景进行了分析和展望。
The investigations of forest resource is the basis for forest management,and the traditional methods of investigation and monitoring is time consuming and laborious.At present,it is difficult to meet the demand of monitoring research.Terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)is a kind of active remote sensing technology,which can provide a non-destructive three-dimensional measuring means,obtain high precision 3D point cloud data,extract forest property parameters automatically,and enjoy unique advantages in forest parameters retrieval.This paper mainly introduced the working principle and technical characteristics of TLS,the application status in forest sector.The advantages and disadvantages of TLS in forest investigation were discussed,and the prospect of future application in forestry was analyzed and prospected.
The investigations of forest resource is the basis for forest management,and the traditional methods of investigation and monitoring is time consuming and laborious.At present,it is difficult to meet the demand of monitoring research.Terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)is a kind of active remote sensing technology,which can provide a non-destructive three-dimensional measuring means,obtain high precision 3D point cloud data,extract forest property parameters automatically,and enjoy unique advantages in forest parameters retrieval.This paper mainly introduced the working principle and technical characteristics of TLS,the application status in forest sector.The advantages and disadvantages of TLS in forest investigation were discussed,and the prospect of future application in forestry was analyzed and prospected.
引文
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[6]VASTARANTA M,MELKAS T,HOLOPAINEN M,et al.Laser-based field measurements in tree-level forest data acquisition[J].Photogrammetric Journal of Finland,2009,21:51-61.
[7]MURPHY G E,ACUNA M A,DUMBRELL I.Tree value and log product yield determination in radiata pine(Pinus radiata)plantations in Australia:comparisons of terrestrial laser scanning with a forest inventory system and manual measurements[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2010,40(11):2223-2233.
[8]倪文俭,过志峰,孙国清,等.基于地基激光雷达数据的单木结构参数提取研究[J].高技术通讯,2010,20(2):191-198.
[9]黄华兵.激光雷达森林结构参数提取—山东徂徕山林场低密度航空激光雷达及地面激光雷达数据应用[D],北京:中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2008.
[10]LIANG X,LITKEY P,HYYPP J,et al.Automatic stem location mapping using TLS for plot-wise forest inventory[J].Proceedings of the SilviLaser,2009:1-9.
[11]HOSOI F,OMASA K.Voxel-based 3-D modeling of individual trees for estimating leaf area density using high-resolution portable scanning lidar[J].IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing,2006,44(12):3610-3618.
[12]STRAHLER A H,JUPP D L,WOODCOCK C E,et al.Retrieval of forest structural parameters using aground-based lidar instrument(Echidna?)[J].Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,34(Supp.2):S426-S440.
[13]JUPP D L,CULVENOR D,LOVELL J,et al.Estimating forest LAI profiles and structural parameters using agroundbased laser called‘Echidna?’[J].Tree physiology,2009,29(2):171-181.
[14]朱振.基于地面激光雷达系统获取单株树木LAI研究[D],北京:北京师范大学,2011.
[15]ARN J,VALL S J M,LLORENS J,et al.Leaf area index estimation in vineyards using aground-based LiDAR scanner[J].Precision agriculture,2013,14(3):290-306.
[16]汪艳,谢东辉,王向玉,等.地面LiDAR数据模拟及单木LAI反演[J].遥感学报,2015,19(3):391-399.WANG Y,XIE D H,WANG X Yet al.Simulation and analysis of point clouds from a terrestrial laser scanner[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2015 19(3):391-399.(in Chinese)
[17]ZHENG G,MOSKAL L M,KIM S-H.Retrieval of effective leaf area index in heterogeneous forests with terrestrial laser scanning[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2013,51(2):777-786.
[18]DANSON F M,HETHERINGTON D,MORSDORF F,et al.Forest canopy gap fraction from terrestrial laser scanning[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2007,4(1):157-160.
[19]SEIDEL D,FLECK S,LEUSCHNER C.Analyzing forest canopies with ground-based laser scanning:a comparison with hemispherical photography[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2012,154:1-8.
[20]ZHAO F,STRAHLER A H,SCHAAF C L,et al.Measuring gap fraction,element clumping index and LAI in Sierra forest stands using a full-waveform ground-based lidar[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,125:73-79.
[21]CIFUENTES R,VAN DER ZANDE D,FARIFTEH J,et al.Effects of voxel size and sampling setup on the estimation of forest canopy gap fraction from terrestrial laser scanning data[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2014,194:230-240.
[22]VAN DER ZANDE D,STUCKENS J,VERSTRAETEN W W,et al.3D modeling of light interception in heterogeneous forest canopies using ground-based LiDAR data[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2011,13(5):792-800.
[23]MOORTHY I,MILLER J R,BERNI J A J,et al.Field characterization of olive(Olea europaea L.)tree crown architecture using terrestrial laser scanning data[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2011,151(2):204-214.
[24]BAYER D,SEIFERT S,PRETZSCH H.Structural crown properties of Norway spruce(Picea abies[L.]Karst.)and European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)in mixed versus pure stands revealed by terrestrial laser scanning[J].Trees,2013,27(4):1035-1047.
[25]BLAND M,WIDLOWSKI J-L,FOURNIER R A,et al.Estimating leaf area distribution in savanna trees from terrestrial LiDAR measurements[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2011,151(9):1252-1266.
[26]LIANG X,HYYPP J,KANKARE V,et al.Stem curve measurement using terrestrial laser scanning[C].Proceedings of11thInternational Conference on LiDAR Applications for Assessing Forest Ecosystems.2011:1-6.
[27]LIANG X,LITKEY P,HYYPP J,et al.Automatic plot-wise tree location mapping using single-scan terrestrial laser scanning[J].The Photogrammetric Journal of Finland,2011,22(2):37-48.
[28]METZ J,SEIDEL D,SCHALL P,et al.Crown modeling by terrestrial laser scanning as an approach to assess the effect of aboveground intra-and interspecific competition on tree growth[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2013,310:275-288.
[29]SEIDEL D,HOFFMANN N,EHBRECHT M,et al.How neighborhood affects tree diameter increment–new insights from terrestrial laser scanning and some methodical considerations[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2015,336:119-128.
[30]SEIDEL D,LEUSCHNER C,M LLER A,et al.Crown plasticity in mixed forests-quantifying asymmetry as a measure of competition using terrestrial laser scanning[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2011,261(11):2123-2132.
[31]LIANG X,KANKARE V,HYYPP J,et al.Terrestrial laser scanning in forest inventories[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2016,115:63-77.
[32]SIMONSE M,ASCHOFF T,SPIECKER H,et al.Automatic determination of forest inventory parameters using terrestrial laser scanning[C].Proceedings of the scandlaser scientific workshop on airborne laser scanning of forests.2003:252-258.
[33]ASCHOFF T,THIES M,SPIECKER H.Describing forest stands using terrestrial laser-scanning[J].International Archives of Photogrammetry[J].Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2004,35(5):237-241.
[34]KIRLY G,BROLLY G.Tree height estimation methods for terrestrial laser scanning in a forest reserve[J].International Archives of Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2007,36(3/W52):211-215.
[35]OVELAND I,HAUGLIN M,GOBAKKEN T,et al.Automatic estimation of tree position and stem diameter using a moving terrestrial laser scanner[J].Remote Sensing,2017,350(9):1-15.
[36]WEZYK P,KOZIOL K,GLISTA M,et al.Terrestrial laser scanning versus traditional forest inventory:first results from the Polish forests[C].Proceedings of the Proceedings of the ISPRS Workshop Laser Scanning.2007:12-14..
[37]LITKEY P,LIANG X,KAARTINEN H,et al.Single-scan TLS methods for forest parameter retrieval[C].Proceedings of SilviLaser,2008
[38]SEIDEL D,EHBRECHT M,PUETTMANN K.Assessing different components of three-dimensional forest structure with single-scan terrestrial laser scanning:a case study[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2016,381:196-208.
[39]THIES M,SPIECKER H.Evaluation and future prospects of terrestrial laser scanning for standardized forest inventories[J].Forest,2004,2(2.2):192-197.
[40]HOPKINSON C,CHASMER L,YOUNGPOW C,et al.Assessing forest metrics with a ground-based scanning lidar[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2004,34(3):573-583.
[41]GORTE B,PFEIFER N.Structuring laser-scanned trees using 3D mathematical morphology[J].International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2004,35(B5):929-933.
[42]PFEIFER N,WINTERHALDER D.Modelling of tree cross sections from terrestrial laser scanning data with free-form curves[J].Int.Arch.Photogramm Remote Sens.Spat.Inf.Sci.,2004,36(8/W2):76-81.
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