油用牡丹‘凤丹’单株结实量及产油品质分析
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摘要
【目的】油用牡丹‘凤丹’为生产种子及加工食用牡丹籽油的一个特殊牡丹品种,集药用、保健于一身,具有较高的经济价值。笔者开展以产量为重点,结合产油品质的选育研究,初步筛选出适宜进一步培育的单株。【方法】以南京六合栽植的6年生油用牡丹‘凤丹’的实生苗为材料,从初步优选植株中,选择31个高、中、低产单株,用核磁共振法测定各单株种子的含油率,用GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱)法测定种子中α-亚麻酸的含量,用隶属函数值法和聚类分析法进行综合评价。【结果】31个单株结实量均值为47.57 g,结实量最高的为高产1号(98.89 g),结实量最低的为低产31号,仅25.73 g;含油率均值为29.41%,其中中产10号、低产19号、低产20号、低产24号、低产26号和低产28号等6个单株的含油率高于30%,而中产12号的含油率仅23.59%;α-亚麻酸含量均值为34.89%,中产11号、中产13号的含量超过40%,而低产21号的含量仅为28.55%。通过隶属函数值法和聚类分析,将31个‘凤丹’单株分为3类,选出结实量、含油率、α-亚麻酸含量等3个指标综合表现优良的7个单株,可作为进一步观察培育优良单株的对象;第Ⅱ类中某一项或某两项指标表现特别突出的单株,可作为今后杂交育种的储备材料。【结论】油用牡丹‘凤丹’单株产量变异系数较大,各单株间结实量性状差异也较大;而α-亚麻酸含量、含油率两个指标变异系数相对较小,较为稳定。
【Objective】Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan' is a special peony variety for producing seeds and processing edible peony seed oil. It combines medicinal and health care value and has strong economic value. The author conducts a breeding research focus on yield and combining oil quality to initially screen out suitable individuals for further cultivation.【Method】We used 6-year-old ‘Feng Dan' seedlings planted in Luhe, Nanjing, China, as experimental materials. In total, the 31 individuals with high, medium and low yields per individual were chosen from preliminarily selected plants. The seed oil content of each individual was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance, and the main unsaturated fatty acid(α-linolenic acid) content in the seeds of each individual was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC-MS). 【Result】The average seed per individual was 47.57 g. The greatest and lowest yields were obtained from individual No.1 at 98.89 g and from individual No.31 at 25.73 g, respectively. The average oil content was 29.41%. The oil content of No. 10, 19, 20, 24, 26 and 28 were greater than 30%, while that of No.12 was only 23.59%. The average α-linolenic acid content was 34.89%. The α-linolenic acid content of No.11 and 13 were greater than 40%, while that of No.21 was only 28.55%. Using the subordinate functional value method and cluster analysis, the 31 ‘Feng Dan' individuals were classified into three categories. Seven individuals with good comprehensive performance levels in Category I can be selected for further observation and the cultivation of high-quality individuals. In Category II, individuals with one or two desirable traits could be used as reserve materials for future cross breeding.【Conclusion】The coefficient of variation for yield per plant of oil tree peony is larger, and the difference in seed setting quantity among individual plants is larger, while the coefficient of variation of two indexes of α-linolenic acid content and oil content is relatively small, and the two characters are relatively stable.
【Objective】Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan' is a special peony variety for producing seeds and processing edible peony seed oil. It combines medicinal and health care value and has strong economic value. The author conducts a breeding research focus on yield and combining oil quality to initially screen out suitable individuals for further cultivation.【Method】We used 6-year-old ‘Feng Dan' seedlings planted in Luhe, Nanjing, China, as experimental materials. In total, the 31 individuals with high, medium and low yields per individual were chosen from preliminarily selected plants. The seed oil content of each individual was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance, and the main unsaturated fatty acid(α-linolenic acid) content in the seeds of each individual was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC-MS). 【Result】The average seed per individual was 47.57 g. The greatest and lowest yields were obtained from individual No.1 at 98.89 g and from individual No.31 at 25.73 g, respectively. The average oil content was 29.41%. The oil content of No. 10, 19, 20, 24, 26 and 28 were greater than 30%, while that of No.12 was only 23.59%. The average α-linolenic acid content was 34.89%. The α-linolenic acid content of No.11 and 13 were greater than 40%, while that of No.21 was only 28.55%. Using the subordinate functional value method and cluster analysis, the 31 ‘Feng Dan' individuals were classified into three categories. Seven individuals with good comprehensive performance levels in Category I can be selected for further observation and the cultivation of high-quality individuals. In Category II, individuals with one or two desirable traits could be used as reserve materials for future cross breeding.【Conclusion】The coefficient of variation for yield per plant of oil tree peony is larger, and the difference in seed setting quantity among individual plants is larger, while the coefficient of variation of two indexes of α-linolenic acid content and oil content is relatively small, and the two characters are relatively stable.
引文
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[10] 盛业龙,王莎莎,许美玲,等.应用隶属函数法综合评价不同烤烟品种苗期抗旱性[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(10):1751-1758.DOI:10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2014.10.1751.SHENG Y L,WANG S S,XU M L,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on drought resistance of flue-cured tobacco varieties at seedling stage by subordinate function values analysis[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2014,45(10):1751-1758.
[11] 谭真真.芍药油用品种筛选及与油用牡丹‘凤丹’对比研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2014.TAN Z Z.Research on the screening oil cultivars of herbaceous peony and comparison with oil cultivars of tree peony ‘Feng Dan’[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2014.
[12] 林萍,姚小华,曹永庆,等.油用牡丹‘凤丹’果实性状及其脂肪酸组分的变异分析[J].经济林研究,2015,33(1):67-72.DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2015.01.011.LIN P,YAO X H,CAO Y Q,et al.Variation analysis of fruit characteristics and fatty acid components in Paeonia ostii ‘Phoenix White’[J].Nonwood Forest Research,2015,33(1):67-72.
[13] 高洁,罗建勋,许戈,等.四川高含油量牡丹品种“丹凤1号”良种选育[J].西部林业科学,2016,45(4) :114-118.DOI:10.16473/j.cnki.xblykx1972.2016.04.019.GAO J,LUO J X,XU G,et al.Selection of improved ‘Danfeng 1’ variety with high oil content peony in Sichuan Province[J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,2016,45(4):114-118.
[14] 韩雪源,张延龙,牛立新,等.不同产地‘凤丹’牡丹籽油主要脂肪酸成分分析[J].食品科学,2014,35(22):181-184.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201422034.HAN X Y,ZHANG Y L,NIU L X,et al.Fattyacid composition of ‘Feng Dan’ peony seed oils from different growing regions[J].Food Science,2014,35(22):181-184.
[15] 吉朵.‘凤丹’牡丹优选群体单株评价研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2018.JI D.The study on individual evaluation of the optimized selective group of Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’[D].Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2018.
[16] 卢林,温红霞,王二强,等.杂交育种在牡丹新品种选育上的应用[J].内蒙古农业科技,2008,36(4):88-89,128.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-0907.2008.04.044.LU L,WEN H X,WANG E Q,et al.Application of cross breeding in new peony variety breeding[J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology,2008,36(4):88-89,128.
[2] 李嘉珏,张西方,赵效庆,等.中国牡丹[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2011:6-10.LI J Y,ZHANG X F,ZHAO X Q,et al.Chinese peony[M].Beijing:China Encyclopedia Publishing House,2011:6-10.
[3] 韩继刚,李晓青,刘炤,等.牡丹油用价值及其应用前景[J].粮食与油脂,2014(5):21-25.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-9578.2014.05.006.HAN J G,LI X Q,LIU Z,et al.Potential applications of tree peony as an oil plant[J].Cereals & Oils,2014(5):21-25.
[4] 高洁,罗建勋,许戈,等.四川高含油量牡丹品种“丹凤1号”良种选育[J].西部林业科学,2016,45(4):114-118.DOI:10.16473/j.cnki.xblykx1972.2016.04.019.GAO J,LUO J X,XU G,et al.Selection of improved ‘Dan Feng 1’ variety with high oil content peony in Sichuan Province[J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,2016,45(4):114-118.
[5] 祝亚云,孙海楠,蒋泽平,等.‘凤丹’单株间生长及结实性状的变异分析[J].江苏林业科技,2017,44(6):14-16,20.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7380.2017.06.004.ZHU Y Y,SUN H N,JIANG Z P,et al.Analysis on variation of growth and reproductive traits of oil peony ‘Feng Dan’[J].Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology,2017,44(6):14-16,20.
[6] 国家粮食局.油料植物含油率测定连续波低分辨率核磁共振测定法(快速法):GB/T 15690—2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.State Administration of Grain.Oil seeds:Determination of oil content:method using continuous-wave low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry(rapid method):GB/T 15690-2008 [S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2009.
[7] 罗国平,梁宇柱,闫梦茹,等.超声波辅助提取牡丹籽油的工艺优化研究[J].中国油脂,2017,42(5):1-4.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-7969.2017.05.001.LUO G P,LIANG Y Z,YAN M R,et al.Ultrasound-assisted extraction of oil from Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.seed[J].China Oils and Fats,2017,42(5):1-4.
[8] 周海梅,马锦琦,苗春雨,等.牡丹籽油的理化指标和脂肪酸成分分析[J].中国油脂,2009,34(7):72-74.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1003-7969.2009.07.022.ZHOU H M,MA J Q,MIAO C Y,et al.Physicochemical indexes and fatty acid composition of peony seed oil[J].China Oils and Fats,2009,34(7):72-74.
[9] 钱明月,李梅青,吴悠,等.凤丹籽油理化特性及脂肪酸GC-MS分析[J].天然产物研究与开发,2014,26(3):380-383.DOI:10.16333/j.1001-6880.2014.03.018.QIAN M Y,LI M Q,WU Y,et al.Analysis of physicochemical properties and fatty acids of Paeonia ostii seed oil by GC-MS[J].Natural Product Research and Development,2014,26(3):380-383.
[10] 盛业龙,王莎莎,许美玲,等.应用隶属函数法综合评价不同烤烟品种苗期抗旱性[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(10):1751-1758.DOI:10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2014.10.1751.SHENG Y L,WANG S S,XU M L,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on drought resistance of flue-cured tobacco varieties at seedling stage by subordinate function values analysis[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2014,45(10):1751-1758.
[11] 谭真真.芍药油用品种筛选及与油用牡丹‘凤丹’对比研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2014.TAN Z Z.Research on the screening oil cultivars of herbaceous peony and comparison with oil cultivars of tree peony ‘Feng Dan’[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2014.
[12] 林萍,姚小华,曹永庆,等.油用牡丹‘凤丹’果实性状及其脂肪酸组分的变异分析[J].经济林研究,2015,33(1):67-72.DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2015.01.011.LIN P,YAO X H,CAO Y Q,et al.Variation analysis of fruit characteristics and fatty acid components in Paeonia ostii ‘Phoenix White’[J].Nonwood Forest Research,2015,33(1):67-72.
[13] 高洁,罗建勋,许戈,等.四川高含油量牡丹品种“丹凤1号”良种选育[J].西部林业科学,2016,45(4) :114-118.DOI:10.16473/j.cnki.xblykx1972.2016.04.019.GAO J,LUO J X,XU G,et al.Selection of improved ‘Danfeng 1’ variety with high oil content peony in Sichuan Province[J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,2016,45(4):114-118.
[14] 韩雪源,张延龙,牛立新,等.不同产地‘凤丹’牡丹籽油主要脂肪酸成分分析[J].食品科学,2014,35(22):181-184.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201422034.HAN X Y,ZHANG Y L,NIU L X,et al.Fattyacid composition of ‘Feng Dan’ peony seed oils from different growing regions[J].Food Science,2014,35(22):181-184.
[15] 吉朵.‘凤丹’牡丹优选群体单株评价研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2018.JI D.The study on individual evaluation of the optimized selective group of Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’[D].Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2018.
[16] 卢林,温红霞,王二强,等.杂交育种在牡丹新品种选育上的应用[J].内蒙古农业科技,2008,36(4):88-89,128.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-0907.2008.04.044.LU L,WEN H X,WANG E Q,et al.Application of cross breeding in new peony variety breeding[J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology,2008,36(4):88-89,128.