双指数型非标准雷电冲击波形参数对油纸绝缘放电特性的影响
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摘要
为探讨油浸式电力变压器基于标准雷电选取绝缘裕度的合理性问题以及现场试验中利用双指数型非标准雷电进行绝缘考核的有效性问题,实验研究了双指数型非标准雷电下波形参数对纯油间隙及油浸纸板放电特性的影响。结果表明:纯油间隙与油浸纸板的击穿电压均随波前时间的增加而增加,随波尾时间的增加而减小;波前时间对油浸纸板放电特性影响较大,而波尾时间则对纯油间隙放电特性影响较大。基于实验数据总结了相应的经验公式,并以波前、波尾时间作为时间参数建立了非标准雷电与标准雷电作用下油纸绝缘击穿电压的等效关系。该研究相关结果可为油浸式电力变压器绝缘设计及考核提供重要支撑。
In order to investigate the rationality of determining insulation margin of oil-immersed power transformers with standard lightning impulse and the effectiveness of utilizing double-exponential non-standard lightning impulse in insulation tests, we studied the effects of double-exponential impulse waveforms on the discharge characteristics of oil gap and oil-impregnated pressboard. The results show that the breakdown voltage of oil gap and oil-impregnated pressboard increases as the wavefront becomes longer or the wavetail gets shorter. The wavefront has greater influences on the breakdown characteristics of oil-impregnated pressboard, while the wavetail affects oil gap much more remarkably. Based on the experimental data, the corresponding empirical formula is summarized, and the electrical equivalence between the breakdown voltage of oil-paper insulation under non-standard lightning impulse and standard lightning impulse is established with the front time and tail time as the time parameter. The results of this study can provide an important support for the insulation design and test of oil-immersed power transformers.
In order to investigate the rationality of determining insulation margin of oil-immersed power transformers with standard lightning impulse and the effectiveness of utilizing double-exponential non-standard lightning impulse in insulation tests, we studied the effects of double-exponential impulse waveforms on the discharge characteristics of oil gap and oil-impregnated pressboard. The results show that the breakdown voltage of oil gap and oil-impregnated pressboard increases as the wavefront becomes longer or the wavetail gets shorter. The wavefront has greater influences on the breakdown characteristics of oil-impregnated pressboard, while the wavetail affects oil gap much more remarkably. Based on the experimental data, the corresponding empirical formula is summarized, and the electrical equivalence between the breakdown voltage of oil-paper insulation under non-standard lightning impulse and standard lightning impulse is established with the front time and tail time as the time parameter. The results of this study can provide an important support for the insulation design and test of oil-immersed power transformers.
引文
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[15]SIMA W, SUN P, YANG M, et al. Impact of time parameters of light-ningimpulseonthebreakdowncharacteristicsofoilpaperinsulation[J]. High Voltage, 2016, 1(1):18-24.
[16]王喆.冲击电压下油浸变压器绕组暂态电压特征及其绝缘特性研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2015.WANG Zhe. Study on transient voltage characteristics and insulationcharacteristicsofoil-immersedtransformerwindingunderimpulsevoltage[D]. Xi’an, China:Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2015.
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[18]王喆,张乔根,王同磊,等.非标准雷电冲击电压下油纸绝缘击穿特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2931-2937.WANG Zhe, ZAHNG Qiaogen, WANG Tonglei, et al. Oil-paper insu-lationbreakdowncharacteristicsundernon-standardlighteningimpulsevoltages[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2014,40(9):2931-2937.
[19]OKABE S. Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of oil-immersedtransformersundernon-standardlightningimpulsewaveforms–defi-nitionofnon-standardlighteningimpulsewaveformsandinsulationcharacteristics for waveforms including pulses[J]. IEEE Transactionson Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2007, 14(1):146-155.
[20]OKABES,TAKAMIJ.Evaluationofbreakdowncharacteristicsofoil-immersedtransformersundernon-standardlightningimpulsewaveforms–insulationcharacteristicsfornon-standardlighteningimpulse waveform with oscillations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielec-trics and Electrical Insulation, 2007, 14(3):679-688.
[21]OKABES,TAKAMIJ.Evaluationofbreakdowncharacteristicsofoil-immersedtransformersundernon-standardlightningimpulsewaveforms-methodforconvertingnon-standardlightningimpulsewaveformsintostandardlightningimpulsewaveforms[J].IEEETransactionsonDielectricsandElectricalInsulation,2008,15(5):1288-1296.
[22]MARTINT,GUENTHERA,KRISTIANSENM.J.C.Martinonpulsed power[M]. New York, USA:Springer, 1996.
[23]WANG T, ZHANG Q, NI H, et al. Extension of the empirical formulafor pulsed electric strength of transformer oil[J]. IEEE Transactions onDielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2016, 23(5):3175-3181.
[24]李光范,李博,李鹏,等.特高压变压器雷电冲击伏秒特性研究[J].电网技术,2008,32(14):1-4.LI Guangfan, LI Bo, LI Peng, et al. Study on volt-time characteristicsofUHVtransformerunderlighteningimpulse[J].PowerSystemTechnology, 2008, 32(14):1-4.
[25]郑一鸣,姚晖,何文林,等.电力变压器在特快速暂态频率范围内的谐振分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):2024-2032.ZHENG Yiming, YAO Hui, HE Wenlin, et al. Resonance analysis ofpower transformer within very fast transient frequency range[J]. HighVoltage Engineering, 2017, 43(6):2024-2032.
[26]谢施君,曾嵘,李建明,等.变电站雷电侵入过电压波形特征及其影响因素的仿真[J].高电压技术,2016,42(2):1556-1564.XIE Shijun, ZENG Rong, LI Jianming, et al. Simulation on the char-acteristicsanditsinfluencefactorsoflightningintrudingwaveinsubstation[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(2):1556-1564.
[27]司马文霞,兰星,杨庆,等.变电站实测雷电侵入波统计特性及测试分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):21-27.SIMAWenxia,LANXing,YANGQing,etal.Statisticalpropertiesand test analysis of the measured lightning invasion waves in a substa-tion[J].High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(1):21-27.
[2]王梦云.2004年度110kV及以上变压器事故统计分析[J].电力设备,2005,6(11):31-38.WANGMengyun.Accidentanalysisofthe110k V-classorabovetransformers in 2004[J]. Electrical Equipment, 2005, 6(11):31-38.
[3]ROBERTM,BERTRANDP,PIERRET,etal.Transformerdesignprinciples-with application to core-form power transformers(secondedition)[M]. New York, USA:CRC Press, 2010.
[4]WANG T, ZHANG Q, NI H, et al. Capacitive voltage sensor array fordetectingtransientvoltagedistributionintransformerwindings[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2016, 23(5):3182-3189.
[5]OKABE S, UETA G, TSUBOI T, et al. Study on switching impulse testwaveform for UHV-class electric power equipment[J]. IEEE Transac-tions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2012, 19(3):793-802.
[6]POPOV M, VANDERSLUIS L, SMEETS R, et al. Analysis of veryfasttransientsinlayer-typetransformerwindings[J].IEEETransac-tions on Power Delivery, 2007, 22(1):238-247.
[7]电力变压器第四部分:电力变压器和电抗器的雷电冲击和操作冲击试验导则:GB/T 1094.1—2005[S].北京:中国标准出版,2005.Power transformer part 4:guide to the lightening impulse and switch-ingimpulsetesting:GB/T1094.1—2005[S].Beijing,China:ChinaStandard Press, 2005.
[8]High-voltagetesttechniquespart1:generaldefinitionsandtestre-quirements:IEC 60060-1[S], 1989.
[9]OKABES,TSUBOIT,TAKAMIJ.Basicstudyofpossiblewave-forms generated in lightning impulse withstand voltage test on UHVequipment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insula-tion, 2009, 16(4):1127-1133.
[10]GARNACHOF,GOCKENBACHE,BERLIJNS.Evaluationoflightningimpulsevoltagesbasedonexperimentalresults–proposalforthe revision ofIEC 60060-1andIEC61083-2[J].ElectraPaper,2002, 1(1):1-6
[11]TSUBOI T, UETA G, OKABE S. Insulation breakdown characteristicsofUHV-classoil-immersedtransformerforlightningimpulsewith-stand voltagetestwaveform–K-factorvalueand front time relatedcharacteristics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical In-sulation, 2011, 18(6):2049-2058.
[12]USHAKOV V. Impulse breakdown in liquids[M]. New York, USA:Springer, 2007.
[13]SHARATH B, USA G. Prediction of impulse voltage-time characteris-ticsofairandoilinsulationfordifferentwavefronts[J].IEEETransactionsonDielectricsandElectricalInsulation,2009,16(6):1693-1697.
[14]VANDERMAARA,WANGM,NEILSONJ,etal.Theelectricalbreakdowncharacteristicsofoil-paperinsulationundersteepfrontimpulse voltages[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1994, 9(4):1926-1935.
[15]SIMA W, SUN P, YANG M, et al. Impact of time parameters of light-ningimpulseonthebreakdowncharacteristicsofoilpaperinsulation[J]. High Voltage, 2016, 1(1):18-24.
[16]王喆.冲击电压下油浸变压器绕组暂态电压特征及其绝缘特性研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2015.WANG Zhe. Study on transient voltage characteristics and insulationcharacteristicsofoil-immersedtransformerwindingunderimpulsevoltage[D]. Xi’an, China:Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2015.
[17]王喆,张乔根,王同磊,等.不同波形参数冲击电压下油-隔板绝缘放电特性[J].高电压技术,2015,41(6):1974-1980.WANGZhe,ZAHNGQiaogen,WANGTonglei,etal.Dischargecharacteristicsofoil-pressboardinsulationunderimpulsevoltagewaveformswithdifferentparameters[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2015, 41(6):1974-1980.
[18]王喆,张乔根,王同磊,等.非标准雷电冲击电压下油纸绝缘击穿特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2931-2937.WANG Zhe, ZAHNG Qiaogen, WANG Tonglei, et al. Oil-paper insu-lationbreakdowncharacteristicsundernon-standardlighteningimpulsevoltages[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2014,40(9):2931-2937.
[19]OKABE S. Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of oil-immersedtransformersundernon-standardlightningimpulsewaveforms–defi-nitionofnon-standardlighteningimpulsewaveformsandinsulationcharacteristics for waveforms including pulses[J]. IEEE Transactionson Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2007, 14(1):146-155.
[20]OKABES,TAKAMIJ.Evaluationofbreakdowncharacteristicsofoil-immersedtransformersundernon-standardlightningimpulsewaveforms–insulationcharacteristicsfornon-standardlighteningimpulse waveform with oscillations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielec-trics and Electrical Insulation, 2007, 14(3):679-688.
[21]OKABES,TAKAMIJ.Evaluationofbreakdowncharacteristicsofoil-immersedtransformersundernon-standardlightningimpulsewaveforms-methodforconvertingnon-standardlightningimpulsewaveformsintostandardlightningimpulsewaveforms[J].IEEETransactionsonDielectricsandElectricalInsulation,2008,15(5):1288-1296.
[22]MARTINT,GUENTHERA,KRISTIANSENM.J.C.Martinonpulsed power[M]. New York, USA:Springer, 1996.
[23]WANG T, ZHANG Q, NI H, et al. Extension of the empirical formulafor pulsed electric strength of transformer oil[J]. IEEE Transactions onDielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2016, 23(5):3175-3181.
[24]李光范,李博,李鹏,等.特高压变压器雷电冲击伏秒特性研究[J].电网技术,2008,32(14):1-4.LI Guangfan, LI Bo, LI Peng, et al. Study on volt-time characteristicsofUHVtransformerunderlighteningimpulse[J].PowerSystemTechnology, 2008, 32(14):1-4.
[25]郑一鸣,姚晖,何文林,等.电力变压器在特快速暂态频率范围内的谐振分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):2024-2032.ZHENG Yiming, YAO Hui, HE Wenlin, et al. Resonance analysis ofpower transformer within very fast transient frequency range[J]. HighVoltage Engineering, 2017, 43(6):2024-2032.
[26]谢施君,曾嵘,李建明,等.变电站雷电侵入过电压波形特征及其影响因素的仿真[J].高电压技术,2016,42(2):1556-1564.XIE Shijun, ZENG Rong, LI Jianming, et al. Simulation on the char-acteristicsanditsinfluencefactorsoflightningintrudingwaveinsubstation[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(2):1556-1564.
[27]司马文霞,兰星,杨庆,等.变电站实测雷电侵入波统计特性及测试分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):21-27.SIMAWenxia,LANXing,YANGQing,etal.Statisticalpropertiesand test analysis of the measured lightning invasion waves in a substa-tion[J].High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(1):21-27.