财政补贴对新能源汽车产业创新投入的影响研究——基于倾向得分匹配法的实证分析
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摘要
采用倾向得分匹配法,建立倾向得分匹配模型(PSM),实证分析2012—2017年66家新能源汽车上市公司财政补贴对创新投入的激励作用。结果表明,财政补贴能够有效激励产业创新,对研发经费投入和研发人员投入均具有促进作用。据此,建议加大新能源汽车产业的整体补贴力度,建立研发补贴监管机制,完善知识产权保护制度,以更好地发挥财政补贴对新能源汽车产业的激励作用。
By adopting Propensity Score Matching Method and establishing Propensity Score Matching model, this paper conducts an empirical analysis of the incentive effect of financial subsidies to the investment in innovation based on 66 new energy automobile companies listed during 2012 and 2017.The results reveal as follows: financial subsidies can effectively promote new energy automobile industry to carry out innovation activities, and it has a positive effect on both capital and staff. Therefore, it is suggested that overall subsidy intensity of new energy automobile industry be increased, a R&D subsidy regulatory subsidy mechanism established, and the system of intellectual property rights protection improved, so that financial subsidies can play a better role of motivation on new energy automobile industry.
By adopting Propensity Score Matching Method and establishing Propensity Score Matching model, this paper conducts an empirical analysis of the incentive effect of financial subsidies to the investment in innovation based on 66 new energy automobile companies listed during 2012 and 2017.The results reveal as follows: financial subsidies can effectively promote new energy automobile industry to carry out innovation activities, and it has a positive effect on both capital and staff. Therefore, it is suggested that overall subsidy intensity of new energy automobile industry be increased, a R&D subsidy regulatory subsidy mechanism established, and the system of intellectual property rights protection improved, so that financial subsidies can play a better role of motivation on new energy automobile industry.
引文
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[2]D’ASPREMONTLYNDEN C,JACQUEMIN A.Cooperative and Noncooperative R&D in Duopoly with Spillovers[J].American Economic Review,1988,78(5):1133-1137.
[3]SPENCE M.Cost Reduction,Competition,and Industry Performance[J].Econometrica,1984,52(1):101-121.
[4]CAPRON H,CINCERA M.R&D Expenditures and the National Innovation System[M].Cambridge:The MITPress,1999:73-100.
[5]白俊红.中国的政府R&D资助有效吗?:来自大中型工业企业的经验证据[J].经济学,2011,10(4):1375-1400.
[6]HEWITT-DUNDAS N,ROPER S.Output Additionality of Public Support for Innovation:Evidence for Irish Manufacturing Plants[J].European Planning Studies,2010,18(1):107-122.
[7]HUSSINGER K.R&D and Subsidies at the Firm Level:An Application of Parametric and Semiparametric Two-Step Selection Models[J].Journal of Applied Econometrics,2008,23(6):729-747.
[8]HOLEMANS B,SLEUWAEGEN L.Innovation Expenditures and the Role of Government in Belgium[J].Research Policy,1988,17(6):375-379.
[9]ANTONELLI C.Microeconomics of Technological Systems[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001:24-31.
[10]陈钰芬,李金昌.政府R&D资助对企业R&D经费投入的影响:基于浙江省规模以上工业企业行业面板数据的实证分析[J].商业经济与管理,2011(2):30-36.
[11]高秀平,彭月兰.我国新能源汽车财税政策效应与时变研究:基于A股新能源汽车上市公司的实证分析[J].经济问题,2018(1):49-56.
[12]李磊.政府补贴对中国新能源汽车产业技术创新的影响研究[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2017.
[13]SHRIEVES R E.Market Structure and Innovation:A New Perspective[J].The Journal of Industrial Economics,1978,26(4):329-347.
[14]安同良,周绍东,皮建才.R&D补贴对中国企业自主创新的激励效应[J].经济研究,2009,44(10):87-98,120.
[15]LEE J W.Government Interventions And Productivity Growth[J].Journal of Economic Growth,1996,1(3):391-414.
[16]MARIANNA S,COSTANZO G D.Finance and R&DInvestment:A Panel Study of Italian Manufacturing Firms[J].International Journal of Economics and Finance,2016,8:95-110.
[17]LACH S.Do R&D Subsidies Stimulate or Displace Private R&D?Evidence from Israel[J].Journal of Industrial Economics,2010,50(4):369-390.
[18]严俊杰.湖南新能源产业发展的财税支持体系研究[J].湖南工业大学学报(社会科学版),2016,21(5):23-26.
[19]周晓艳,卞元月.政府补贴真的能解决研发外部性吗?:基于倾向得分匹配的微观证据[J].河北经贸大学学报,2018,39(3):30-38.
[20]AERTS K,CZARNITZKI D.Using Innovation Survey Data to Evaluate R&D Policy:The Case of Belgium[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2004,4(55),1-21.
[21]李斯嘉,白俊红.政府科技资助对企业技术进步的影响:基于“门槛回归”的实证研究[J].南大商学评论,2017,14(4):40-59.
[22]温明月.政府研发补贴的连续性与企业研发投入:基于185家制造业上市公司的实证分析[J].公共行政评论,2017,10(1):116-140,208.
[23]DAVID P A,HALL B H,TOOLE A A.Is Public R&D a Complement or Substitute for Private R&D?:A Review of the Econometric Evidence[J].Research Policy,2000,29(4/5):497-529.
[24]LICHTENBERG F R.The Effect of Government Funding on Private Industrial Research and Development:A ReAssessment[J].Journal of Industrial Economics,1987,36(1):97-104.
[25]BLUNDELL R,GRIFFITHS R,VAN REENEN J.Market Share,Market Value and Innovation in a Panel of British Manufacturing Firms[J].Review of Economic Studies,1999,66(3):529-554.
[26]仇云杰,魏炜.研发投入对企业绩效的影响:基于倾向得分匹配法的研究[J].当代财经,2016(3):96-106.
[27]马玉琪,扈瑞鹏,赵彦云.税收优惠、财政补贴与中关村企业创新投入:基于倾向得分匹配法的实证研究[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(19):1-6.
[28]杨珂.政府补贴、技术研发与新能源汽车产业创新激励[D].杭州:浙江财经大学,2018.
[2]D’ASPREMONTLYNDEN C,JACQUEMIN A.Cooperative and Noncooperative R&D in Duopoly with Spillovers[J].American Economic Review,1988,78(5):1133-1137.
[3]SPENCE M.Cost Reduction,Competition,and Industry Performance[J].Econometrica,1984,52(1):101-121.
[4]CAPRON H,CINCERA M.R&D Expenditures and the National Innovation System[M].Cambridge:The MITPress,1999:73-100.
[5]白俊红.中国的政府R&D资助有效吗?:来自大中型工业企业的经验证据[J].经济学,2011,10(4):1375-1400.
[6]HEWITT-DUNDAS N,ROPER S.Output Additionality of Public Support for Innovation:Evidence for Irish Manufacturing Plants[J].European Planning Studies,2010,18(1):107-122.
[7]HUSSINGER K.R&D and Subsidies at the Firm Level:An Application of Parametric and Semiparametric Two-Step Selection Models[J].Journal of Applied Econometrics,2008,23(6):729-747.
[8]HOLEMANS B,SLEUWAEGEN L.Innovation Expenditures and the Role of Government in Belgium[J].Research Policy,1988,17(6):375-379.
[9]ANTONELLI C.Microeconomics of Technological Systems[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001:24-31.
[10]陈钰芬,李金昌.政府R&D资助对企业R&D经费投入的影响:基于浙江省规模以上工业企业行业面板数据的实证分析[J].商业经济与管理,2011(2):30-36.
[11]高秀平,彭月兰.我国新能源汽车财税政策效应与时变研究:基于A股新能源汽车上市公司的实证分析[J].经济问题,2018(1):49-56.
[12]李磊.政府补贴对中国新能源汽车产业技术创新的影响研究[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2017.
[13]SHRIEVES R E.Market Structure and Innovation:A New Perspective[J].The Journal of Industrial Economics,1978,26(4):329-347.
[14]安同良,周绍东,皮建才.R&D补贴对中国企业自主创新的激励效应[J].经济研究,2009,44(10):87-98,120.
[15]LEE J W.Government Interventions And Productivity Growth[J].Journal of Economic Growth,1996,1(3):391-414.
[16]MARIANNA S,COSTANZO G D.Finance and R&DInvestment:A Panel Study of Italian Manufacturing Firms[J].International Journal of Economics and Finance,2016,8:95-110.
[17]LACH S.Do R&D Subsidies Stimulate or Displace Private R&D?Evidence from Israel[J].Journal of Industrial Economics,2010,50(4):369-390.
[18]严俊杰.湖南新能源产业发展的财税支持体系研究[J].湖南工业大学学报(社会科学版),2016,21(5):23-26.
[19]周晓艳,卞元月.政府补贴真的能解决研发外部性吗?:基于倾向得分匹配的微观证据[J].河北经贸大学学报,2018,39(3):30-38.
[20]AERTS K,CZARNITZKI D.Using Innovation Survey Data to Evaluate R&D Policy:The Case of Belgium[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2004,4(55),1-21.
[21]李斯嘉,白俊红.政府科技资助对企业技术进步的影响:基于“门槛回归”的实证研究[J].南大商学评论,2017,14(4):40-59.
[22]温明月.政府研发补贴的连续性与企业研发投入:基于185家制造业上市公司的实证分析[J].公共行政评论,2017,10(1):116-140,208.
[23]DAVID P A,HALL B H,TOOLE A A.Is Public R&D a Complement or Substitute for Private R&D?:A Review of the Econometric Evidence[J].Research Policy,2000,29(4/5):497-529.
[24]LICHTENBERG F R.The Effect of Government Funding on Private Industrial Research and Development:A ReAssessment[J].Journal of Industrial Economics,1987,36(1):97-104.
[25]BLUNDELL R,GRIFFITHS R,VAN REENEN J.Market Share,Market Value and Innovation in a Panel of British Manufacturing Firms[J].Review of Economic Studies,1999,66(3):529-554.
[26]仇云杰,魏炜.研发投入对企业绩效的影响:基于倾向得分匹配法的研究[J].当代财经,2016(3):96-106.
[27]马玉琪,扈瑞鹏,赵彦云.税收优惠、财政补贴与中关村企业创新投入:基于倾向得分匹配法的实证研究[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(19):1-6.
[28]杨珂.政府补贴、技术研发与新能源汽车产业创新激励[D].杭州:浙江财经大学,2018.