窄波束C波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达及其探测能力分析
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摘要
为了评估南京信息工程大学窄波束C波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达的观测性能和应用潜力,对雷达的高分辨率回波数据进行了分析,利用固定地物订正了径向定位误差,以及在线太阳信号修正了差分反射率因子(Z_(DR))偏差;通过对流降水和层状云降水回波分析,发现了共振散射效应、不同降水粒子的回波特征、非均匀波束填充(NUBF或NBF)现象、降水倾斜结构和可能存在过冷水的证据。
A dual-polarization Doppler Weather radar with narrowbeam of C-band was installed at Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology. To verify its observational capability and potential applications,high-resolution radar data were comprehensively analyzed. The radial positioning bias was adjusted based on the echoes of the stationary references. Moreover,the differential reflectivity( Z_(DR)) bias was calibrated by the online solar signals. Also,the radar data retrieved from both convective and stratiform precipitation were performed.The results showed that the resonance scattering effect,various precipitation particle information,and non-uniform beam filling( NUBF or NBF) existed. Besides,tilt precipitation structure and possible supercooled water evidences were revealed.
A dual-polarization Doppler Weather radar with narrowbeam of C-band was installed at Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology. To verify its observational capability and potential applications,high-resolution radar data were comprehensively analyzed. The radial positioning bias was adjusted based on the echoes of the stationary references. Moreover,the differential reflectivity( Z_(DR)) bias was calibrated by the online solar signals. Also,the radar data retrieved from both convective and stratiform precipitation were performed.The results showed that the resonance scattering effect,various precipitation particle information,and non-uniform beam filling( NUBF or NBF) existed. Besides,tilt precipitation structure and possible supercooled water evidences were revealed.
引文
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Bechini R,Baldini L,Chandrasekar V.2013.Polarimetric radar observations in the ice region of precipitating clouds at C-band and X-band radar frequencies[J].J Appl M eteor Climate,52(5):1147-1169.
Brandes E A,Zhang G F,Vivekanandan J.2002.Experiments in rainfall estimation w ith a polarimetric radar in a subtropical environment[J].J Appl M eteor,41(6):674-685.
Bringi V N,Chandrasekar V.2001.Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar:principles and applications[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Chu Z G,Yin Y,Gu S S.2014.Characteristics of velocity ambiguity for CINRAD-SA Doppler Weather Radars[J].Asia-Pac J Atmos Sci,50(2):221-227.
Holleman I,Huuskonen A,Gill R,et al.2010.Operational monitoring of radar differential reflectivity using the Sun[J].J Atmos Ocean Technol,27(5):881-887.
Ryzhkov A V,Schuur T J,Burgess D W,et al.2005.The joint polarization experiment:polarimetric rainfall measurements and hydrometeor classification[J].Bull Amer M eteor Soc,86(6):809-824.
Ryzhkov A V.2007.The impact of beam broadening on the quality of radar polarimetric data[J].J Atmos Ocean Technol,24(5):729-744.
Seliga T A,Bringi V N.1976.Potential use of radar differential reflectivity measurements at orthogonal pilarisations for measuring precipitation[J].J Appl M eteor,15(1):69-76.
Vivekanandan J,Ellis S M,Oye R,et al.1999.Cloud microphysics retrieval using S-band Dual-polarization radar measurements[J].Bull Amer M eteor Soc,80(3):381-388.
Zhang G F,Vivekanandan J,Brandes E.2001.A method for estimating rain rate and drop size distribution from polarimetric radar measurements[J].IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens,39:830-841.
Zrnic D S,Keenan T D,Carey L D,et al.2000.Sensitivity analysis of polarimetric variables at a 5-cm w avelength in rain[J].J Appl M eteor,39(9):1514-1526.
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曹杨,苏德斌,周筠珺,等.2016.C波段双线偏振多普勒雷达差分相位质量分析[J].高原气象,35(2):548-559.Cao Yang,Su Debin,Zhou Yunjun,et al.2016.Quality analysis of differential phase data for C-Band Dual-Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar[J].Plateau Meteor,35(2):548-559.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00154.
胡志群,刘黎平,吴林林.2014.C波段偏振雷达几种系统误差标定方法对比分析[J].高原气象,33(1):221-231.Hu Zhiqun,Liu Liping,Wu Linlin.2014.Comparison among several system biases calibration methods on C-band Polarimetric Radar[J].Plateau M eteor,33(1):221-231.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00134.
李柏,古庆同,李瑞义,等.2013.新一代天气雷达灾害性天气监测能力分析及未来发展[J].气象,39(3):265-280.Li Bai,Gu Qingtong,Li Ruiyi,et al.2013.Analyses on disastrous w eather monitoring capability of CINRAD and future development[J].M eteor M on,39(3):265-280.
梁海河,徐宝祥,刘黎平,等.2005.偏振微波雷达探测大气研究进展及几个问题的考虑[J].地球科学进展,20(5):541-548.Liang Haihe,Xu Baoxiang,Liu Lipin,et al.2005.Evolvement of polarimetric technology detecting atmosphere and some consideration of its problems[J].Adv Earth Sci,20(5):541-548.
刘黎平,曹俊武,莫月琴,等.2006.雷达遥感新技术及其在灾害性天气探测中的应用[J].热带气象学报,22(1):1-9.Liu Liping,Cao Junw u,M o Yueqin,et al.2006.Advanced radar technology and application on observation of disaster w eathers[J].JTrop M eteor,22(1):1-9.
孟庆春,沈永海,苏德斌.2014.双线偏振雷达双通道一致性及测试方法研究[J].高原气象,33(5):1440-1447.Meng Qingchun,Shen Yonghai,Su Debin.2014.Dual channel consistency for Dual-Polarization Weather Radar and its measurement method research[J].Plateau Meteor,33(5):1440-1447.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00064.
王致君,蔡启铭,徐宝祥.1988.713雷达的双线偏振改装[J].高原气象,7(2):177-185.Wang Zhijun,Cai Qiming,Xu Baoxiang.1988.Development into dual linear polarization of 713 type w eather radar[J].Plateau M eteor,7(2):177-185.
王致君.2002.偏振气象雷达发展现状及其应用潜力[J].高原气象,21(5):495-500.Wang Zhijun.2002.The current developing situation of Polarization Radar and its application potential[J].Plateau M eteor,21(5):495-500.
吴林林,刘黎平,袁野,等.2015.C波段车载双偏振雷达ZDR资料处理方法研究[J].高原气象,34(1):279-287.Wu Linlin,Liu Liping,Yuan Ye,et al.2015.Study on ZDRprocessing algorithm of C-Band mobile Dual Polarization Radar[J].Plateau M eteor,34(1):279-287.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00102.
张培昌,胡方超,王振会.2013.双线偏振雷达探测小椭球粒子群的雷达气象方程[J].热带气象学报,29(3):505-510.Zhang Peichang,Hu Fangchao,Wang Zhenhui.2013.A study on meteorological equations for Dual-Polarization Radar detecting small ellipsoids[J].J Trop M eteor,29(3):505-510.
张沛源,杨洪平,胡绍萍.2008.新一代天气雷达在临近预报和灾害性天气警报中的应用[J].气象,34(1):3-11.Zhang Peiyuan,Yang Hongping,Hu Shaoping.2008.Applications of new generation w eather radar to now casting and w arning of severe w eather[J].Meteor Mon,34(1):3-11.
赵果,王致君,贾伟,等.2016.双线偏振天气雷达有效探测范围研究[J].高原气象,35(1):244-250.Zhao Guo,Wang Zhijun,Jia Wei,et al.2016.Study of the effective detection range of the Dual-Polarized Radar[J].Plateau M eteor,35(1):244-250.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00145.
Bechini R,Baldini L,Chandrasekar V.2013.Polarimetric radar observations in the ice region of precipitating clouds at C-band and X-band radar frequencies[J].J Appl M eteor Climate,52(5):1147-1169.
Brandes E A,Zhang G F,Vivekanandan J.2002.Experiments in rainfall estimation w ith a polarimetric radar in a subtropical environment[J].J Appl M eteor,41(6):674-685.
Bringi V N,Chandrasekar V.2001.Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar:principles and applications[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Chu Z G,Yin Y,Gu S S.2014.Characteristics of velocity ambiguity for CINRAD-SA Doppler Weather Radars[J].Asia-Pac J Atmos Sci,50(2):221-227.
Holleman I,Huuskonen A,Gill R,et al.2010.Operational monitoring of radar differential reflectivity using the Sun[J].J Atmos Ocean Technol,27(5):881-887.
Ryzhkov A V,Schuur T J,Burgess D W,et al.2005.The joint polarization experiment:polarimetric rainfall measurements and hydrometeor classification[J].Bull Amer M eteor Soc,86(6):809-824.
Ryzhkov A V.2007.The impact of beam broadening on the quality of radar polarimetric data[J].J Atmos Ocean Technol,24(5):729-744.
Seliga T A,Bringi V N.1976.Potential use of radar differential reflectivity measurements at orthogonal pilarisations for measuring precipitation[J].J Appl M eteor,15(1):69-76.
Vivekanandan J,Ellis S M,Oye R,et al.1999.Cloud microphysics retrieval using S-band Dual-polarization radar measurements[J].Bull Amer M eteor Soc,80(3):381-388.
Zhang G F,Vivekanandan J,Brandes E.2001.A method for estimating rain rate and drop size distribution from polarimetric radar measurements[J].IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens,39:830-841.
Zrnic D S,Keenan T D,Carey L D,et al.2000.Sensitivity analysis of polarimetric variables at a 5-cm w avelength in rain[J].J Appl M eteor,39(9):1514-1526.
曹俊武,刘黎平,陈晓辉,等.2006.3836 C波段双线偏振多普勒雷达及其在一次降水过程中的应用研究[J].应用气象学报,17(2):192-200.Cao Junwu,Liu Liping,Chen Xiaohui,et al.2006.Data quality analysis of 3836 C-Band Dual-linear Polarimetric Weather Radar and its observation of a rainfall process[J].JAppl M eteor Sci,17(2):192-200.
曹杨,苏德斌,周筠珺,等.2016.C波段双线偏振多普勒雷达差分相位质量分析[J].高原气象,35(2):548-559.Cao Yang,Su Debin,Zhou Yunjun,et al.2016.Quality analysis of differential phase data for C-Band Dual-Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar[J].Plateau Meteor,35(2):548-559.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00154.
胡志群,刘黎平,吴林林.2014.C波段偏振雷达几种系统误差标定方法对比分析[J].高原气象,33(1):221-231.Hu Zhiqun,Liu Liping,Wu Linlin.2014.Comparison among several system biases calibration methods on C-band Polarimetric Radar[J].Plateau M eteor,33(1):221-231.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00134.
李柏,古庆同,李瑞义,等.2013.新一代天气雷达灾害性天气监测能力分析及未来发展[J].气象,39(3):265-280.Li Bai,Gu Qingtong,Li Ruiyi,et al.2013.Analyses on disastrous w eather monitoring capability of CINRAD and future development[J].M eteor M on,39(3):265-280.
梁海河,徐宝祥,刘黎平,等.2005.偏振微波雷达探测大气研究进展及几个问题的考虑[J].地球科学进展,20(5):541-548.Liang Haihe,Xu Baoxiang,Liu Lipin,et al.2005.Evolvement of polarimetric technology detecting atmosphere and some consideration of its problems[J].Adv Earth Sci,20(5):541-548.
刘黎平,曹俊武,莫月琴,等.2006.雷达遥感新技术及其在灾害性天气探测中的应用[J].热带气象学报,22(1):1-9.Liu Liping,Cao Junw u,M o Yueqin,et al.2006.Advanced radar technology and application on observation of disaster w eathers[J].JTrop M eteor,22(1):1-9.
孟庆春,沈永海,苏德斌.2014.双线偏振雷达双通道一致性及测试方法研究[J].高原气象,33(5):1440-1447.Meng Qingchun,Shen Yonghai,Su Debin.2014.Dual channel consistency for Dual-Polarization Weather Radar and its measurement method research[J].Plateau Meteor,33(5):1440-1447.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00064.
王致君,蔡启铭,徐宝祥.1988.713雷达的双线偏振改装[J].高原气象,7(2):177-185.Wang Zhijun,Cai Qiming,Xu Baoxiang.1988.Development into dual linear polarization of 713 type w eather radar[J].Plateau M eteor,7(2):177-185.
王致君.2002.偏振气象雷达发展现状及其应用潜力[J].高原气象,21(5):495-500.Wang Zhijun.2002.The current developing situation of Polarization Radar and its application potential[J].Plateau M eteor,21(5):495-500.
吴林林,刘黎平,袁野,等.2015.C波段车载双偏振雷达ZDR资料处理方法研究[J].高原气象,34(1):279-287.Wu Linlin,Liu Liping,Yuan Ye,et al.2015.Study on ZDRprocessing algorithm of C-Band mobile Dual Polarization Radar[J].Plateau M eteor,34(1):279-287.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00102.
张培昌,胡方超,王振会.2013.双线偏振雷达探测小椭球粒子群的雷达气象方程[J].热带气象学报,29(3):505-510.Zhang Peichang,Hu Fangchao,Wang Zhenhui.2013.A study on meteorological equations for Dual-Polarization Radar detecting small ellipsoids[J].J Trop M eteor,29(3):505-510.
张沛源,杨洪平,胡绍萍.2008.新一代天气雷达在临近预报和灾害性天气警报中的应用[J].气象,34(1):3-11.Zhang Peiyuan,Yang Hongping,Hu Shaoping.2008.Applications of new generation w eather radar to now casting and w arning of severe w eather[J].Meteor Mon,34(1):3-11.
赵果,王致君,贾伟,等.2016.双线偏振天气雷达有效探测范围研究[J].高原气象,35(1):244-250.Zhao Guo,Wang Zhijun,Jia Wei,et al.2016.Study of the effective detection range of the Dual-Polarized Radar[J].Plateau M eteor,35(1):244-250.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00145.