农村营养改善计划实施地区2012与2017年学生身高变化
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摘要
目的分析2012—2017年农村义务教育学生营养改善计划(以下简称"营养改善计划")覆盖地区农村学生身高变化情况,为了解学生营养改善工作实施效果提供基础数据。方法选取"营养改善计划"699个国家试点县,按照学校食堂供餐、企业(单位)供餐和混合供餐3种供餐模式,每种供餐模式抽取10%的小学和初中,每个县达到10所以上。从小学一年级至初中三年级,每个年级抽取1～2个班,每个年级学生40名左右,男、女各半。2012年测量1 655 793名学生,2017年1 419 281名。采用立柱式身高测定仪测定清晨空腹身高,测量值精确到0.1 cm。结果 2017年与2012年相比,6～15岁同年龄同性别男、女生身高平均增长1.9和2.0 cm;其中男生在13岁、女生在12岁身高增加值最大,分别为3.0和2.8 cm;中、西部男生平均增加值分别为2.1和2.2 cm,女生平均增加值均为2.2 cm。2017年与2012年比,男生P_5,P_(50),P_(95)身高平均增加值分别为1.7,2.0,2.1 cm,女生分别为2.1,2.0,2.2 cm。西部地区P_5,P_(95)平均增加值均高于中部地区。结论营养改善计划实施以来,覆盖地区农村学生的平均身高增加,但发展程度仍不均衡。需要制定更有针对性的营养干预策略来提高学生营养健康水平。
Objective To analyze the height changes among children who had received subsidies of the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students(NNIPRCES) by comparing data from the year of 2012 and 2017. Methods Among 699 counties where NNIPRCES was implemented, at least 10% of elementary schools and primary middle schools with different food supply modes(school canteen meals, company meals, and mix meals) in the county were selected randomly. Forty students from one or two classes from each grade(grade 1 to grade 9) were randomly selected, to ensure equal proportion of boys and girls in each grade were surveyed, data on height from 1 655 793 students measured in 2012 were compared with 1 419 281 students measured in 2017. Height was measured by metal height pole within 0.1 cm accuracy. Results From 2012 to 2017, the average increase of height in boys and girls aged 6-15 years was 1.9 and 2.0 cm, respectively. Among them, maximum increment was found in boys at the age of 13 years and in girls at the age of 12 years, respectively, which was 3.0 and 2.8 cm. The average increase in boys from the central and western region was 2.1 and 2.2 cm, respectively, while increase in girls from the central and western region was both 2.2 cm. Compared with the results from 2012, height of boys with the 5 th, 50 th and 95 th height percentiles in 2012 increased by 1.7, 2.0 and 2.1 cm, respectively in 2017, while the increase in girls was 2.1, 2.0 and 2.2 cm, respectively. The average increment of western students with the 5 th and 95 th height percentiles was higher than those of students from the central region. Conclusion The average height of students has increased after the implementation of NNIPRCES. However, the development was unbalanced between the central and western region, which requires more targeted intervening strategies to improve the nutritional status of students.
Objective To analyze the height changes among children who had received subsidies of the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students(NNIPRCES) by comparing data from the year of 2012 and 2017. Methods Among 699 counties where NNIPRCES was implemented, at least 10% of elementary schools and primary middle schools with different food supply modes(school canteen meals, company meals, and mix meals) in the county were selected randomly. Forty students from one or two classes from each grade(grade 1 to grade 9) were randomly selected, to ensure equal proportion of boys and girls in each grade were surveyed, data on height from 1 655 793 students measured in 2012 were compared with 1 419 281 students measured in 2017. Height was measured by metal height pole within 0.1 cm accuracy. Results From 2012 to 2017, the average increase of height in boys and girls aged 6-15 years was 1.9 and 2.0 cm, respectively. Among them, maximum increment was found in boys at the age of 13 years and in girls at the age of 12 years, respectively, which was 3.0 and 2.8 cm. The average increase in boys from the central and western region was 2.1 and 2.2 cm, respectively, while increase in girls from the central and western region was both 2.2 cm. Compared with the results from 2012, height of boys with the 5 th, 50 th and 95 th height percentiles in 2012 increased by 1.7, 2.0 and 2.1 cm, respectively in 2017, while the increase in girls was 2.1, 2.0 and 2.2 cm, respectively. The average increment of western students with the 5 th and 95 th height percentiles was higher than those of students from the central region. Conclusion The average height of students has increased after the implementation of NNIPRCES. However, the development was unbalanced between the central and western region, which requires more targeted intervening strategies to improve the nutritional status of students.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.学生健康检查技术规范GB/T 26343—2010[S].2011-01-14.
[2] 中华人民共和国国务院.中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第7个五年计划[M].北京:人民出版社,1986.
[3] SILVENTOINEN K,SAMMALISTO S,PEROLA M,et al.Heritability of adult body height:a comparative study of twin cohorts in eight countries[J].Twin Res,2003,6(5):399-408.
[4] CAMERON N,et al.Human Growth and Development[M].Academic Press,2002:1-20.
[5] CAVELAARS A E,KUNST A E,GEURTS J J,et al.Persistent variations in average height between countries and between socio-economic groups:an overview of 10 European countries[J].Ann Hum Biol,2000,27(4):407-421.
[6] DRACHLER E,BOBáK,M,RODRIGUES L,et al.The role of socioeconomic circumstances in differences in height of pre-school children within and between the Czech Republic and southern Brazil[J].Cent Eur J Public Health,2002,10(4):135-141.
[7] WEBB E,KUH D,PEASEY A,et al.Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and adult height and leg length in central and eastern Europe[J].J Epidemiol Commun Health,2008,62(4):351-357.
[8] HANCOCK C,BETTIOL S,SMITH L.Socioeconomic variation in height:analysis of National Child Measurement Programme data for England[J].Arch Dis Child,2016,101(5):422-426.
[9] SILVENTOINEN K.Determinants of variation in adult body height[J].J Biosoc Sci,2003,35(2):263-285.
[10] KRISTJANSSON E A,ROBINSON V A,PETTICREW M,et al.School feeding for improving the physical and psychosocial health of disadvantaged students[J].Cochr Data System Rev(Online),2007,1(1):CD004676.
[11] JOMAA L H,MCDONNELL E,PROBART C.School feeding programs in developing countries:impacts on children’s health and educational outcomes[J].Nutr Rev,2011,69(2):83-98.
[12] 中国学生体质与健康研究组.2010年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:81.
[13] 中国学生体质与健康研究组.2014年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016:73.
[14] BUCKLER J M,WILD J.Longitudinal study of height and weight at adolescence[J].Arch Dis Child,1987,62(12):1224-1232.
[15] 宋逸,季成叶,马军,等.中国7～18岁汉族学生形态发育的横断面调查[J].中华预防医学杂志,2006,40(2):105-108.
[16] 季成叶,李勇.1985—2000年中国青少年青春期生长长期变化趋势[J].中国生育健康杂志,2003,14(5):379-0.
[17] 韩迪.1985—2010年我国青少年生长发育变化及健康公平性研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2014.
[18] UAUY R.Nutrition throughout the life cycle[J].Eur J Clin Nutr,1999,53(Suppl 3):S8.
[19] POWELL C A,WALKER S P,CHANG S M,et al.Nutrition and education:a randomized trial of the effects of breakfast in rural primary school children[J].Am J Clin Nutri,1998,68(4):873-879.
[2] 中华人民共和国国务院.中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第7个五年计划[M].北京:人民出版社,1986.
[3] SILVENTOINEN K,SAMMALISTO S,PEROLA M,et al.Heritability of adult body height:a comparative study of twin cohorts in eight countries[J].Twin Res,2003,6(5):399-408.
[4] CAMERON N,et al.Human Growth and Development[M].Academic Press,2002:1-20.
[5] CAVELAARS A E,KUNST A E,GEURTS J J,et al.Persistent variations in average height between countries and between socio-economic groups:an overview of 10 European countries[J].Ann Hum Biol,2000,27(4):407-421.
[6] DRACHLER E,BOBáK,M,RODRIGUES L,et al.The role of socioeconomic circumstances in differences in height of pre-school children within and between the Czech Republic and southern Brazil[J].Cent Eur J Public Health,2002,10(4):135-141.
[7] WEBB E,KUH D,PEASEY A,et al.Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and adult height and leg length in central and eastern Europe[J].J Epidemiol Commun Health,2008,62(4):351-357.
[8] HANCOCK C,BETTIOL S,SMITH L.Socioeconomic variation in height:analysis of National Child Measurement Programme data for England[J].Arch Dis Child,2016,101(5):422-426.
[9] SILVENTOINEN K.Determinants of variation in adult body height[J].J Biosoc Sci,2003,35(2):263-285.
[10] KRISTJANSSON E A,ROBINSON V A,PETTICREW M,et al.School feeding for improving the physical and psychosocial health of disadvantaged students[J].Cochr Data System Rev(Online),2007,1(1):CD004676.
[11] JOMAA L H,MCDONNELL E,PROBART C.School feeding programs in developing countries:impacts on children’s health and educational outcomes[J].Nutr Rev,2011,69(2):83-98.
[12] 中国学生体质与健康研究组.2010年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:81.
[13] 中国学生体质与健康研究组.2014年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016:73.
[14] BUCKLER J M,WILD J.Longitudinal study of height and weight at adolescence[J].Arch Dis Child,1987,62(12):1224-1232.
[15] 宋逸,季成叶,马军,等.中国7～18岁汉族学生形态发育的横断面调查[J].中华预防医学杂志,2006,40(2):105-108.
[16] 季成叶,李勇.1985—2000年中国青少年青春期生长长期变化趋势[J].中国生育健康杂志,2003,14(5):379-0.
[17] 韩迪.1985—2010年我国青少年生长发育变化及健康公平性研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2014.
[18] UAUY R.Nutrition throughout the life cycle[J].Eur J Clin Nutr,1999,53(Suppl 3):S8.
[19] POWELL C A,WALKER S P,CHANG S M,et al.Nutrition and education:a randomized trial of the effects of breakfast in rural primary school children[J].Am J Clin Nutri,1998,68(4):873-879.