合金化处理对高碳高锰钢组织与性能的影响
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摘要
为进一步提高锻造高碳高锰钢的耐磨性,对锻造高碳高锰钢进行了Cr、Mo、V、Al元素的合金化处理.采用金相组织分析、机械性能测试、断口形貌观察及耐磨性测试等手段研究了Cr、Mo、V、Al合金化后高碳高锰钢的组织与性能.结果表明:合金化处理能使高锰钢的晶粒明显细化,并使高锰钢在保持良好塑性及冲击韧性的同时,其屈服强度和抗拉强度也得以较大程度的提高.与高锰钢相比,合金高锰钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提高了31%和11%,达到550和955MPa.此外,合金化处理能够明显提高高锰钢的耐磨性及其磨损后的表面硬度.高锰钢、合金高锰钢和贝氏体钢的失重量均随磨损时间的增加而增加,并且三者的表面硬度均呈现出先增加后稳定的趋势,其中合金高锰钢的失重量最低且其磨损后的表面硬度最高.磨损后高的表面硬度是合金高锰钢耐磨性提高的主要原因.
To further improve the wear resistance of forged high carbon high manganese steel,Cr,Mo,V and Al elements were added into a high carbon high manganese steel. The metallographic observations,mechanical properties testing and wear resistance testing of the alloyed high carbon high manganese steel deformed in tension were carried out. The results show that the grain size of the high manganese steel is refined obviously,and the yield strength and tensile strength are also improved greatly with good ductility and impact toughness.Comparing with the high manganese steel,the yield strength and tensile strength of the alloyed high carbon high manganese steel are 550 MPa and 955 MPa with the increase of 31% and 11% respectively. In addition,the alloying treatment improves notably the wear resistance and surface hardness. With the increase of wear time,the weight loss of the high manganese steel,alloyed high carbon high manganese steel and bainitic steel is increased. The surface hardness test results reveal a tendency to increase first and then stabilize,and the alloyed high carbon high manganese steel performs the highest surface hardness with the lowest weight loss. The high surface hardness resulted friction is the main reason for improving the wear resistance of the alloy high manganese steel.
To further improve the wear resistance of forged high carbon high manganese steel,Cr,Mo,V and Al elements were added into a high carbon high manganese steel. The metallographic observations,mechanical properties testing and wear resistance testing of the alloyed high carbon high manganese steel deformed in tension were carried out. The results show that the grain size of the high manganese steel is refined obviously,and the yield strength and tensile strength are also improved greatly with good ductility and impact toughness.Comparing with the high manganese steel,the yield strength and tensile strength of the alloyed high carbon high manganese steel are 550 MPa and 955 MPa with the increase of 31% and 11% respectively. In addition,the alloying treatment improves notably the wear resistance and surface hardness. With the increase of wear time,the weight loss of the high manganese steel,alloyed high carbon high manganese steel and bainitic steel is increased. The surface hardness test results reveal a tendency to increase first and then stabilize,and the alloyed high carbon high manganese steel performs the highest surface hardness with the lowest weight loss. The high surface hardness resulted friction is the main reason for improving the wear resistance of the alloy high manganese steel.
引文
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[2]闫华,谢敬佩,王文焱,等.合金化高锰钢ZGMn13CrMo的组织与性能研究[J].热加工工艺,2006,35(4):11-13.
[3]傅定发,蔡家财,高文理.多元合金化处理对高锰钢组织和性能的影响[J].湖南大学学报,2014,41(7):30-34.
[4]王爱琴,王文焱,李继文.新型高锰合金钢的研制[J].机械工程材料,2006,30(9):29-42.
[5]刘成松,秦林,李翠玲,等.304不锈钢表面Mo合金化改性层组织结构及耐磨性研究[J].表面技术,2014,43(5):100-104.
[6]李建华,方芳,习天辉,等.微合金化3.5Ni钢的强化机理[J].材料工程,2010,5:1-4.
[7]LINDROOS M,APOSTOL M,HEINO V,et al.The Deformation,Strain Hardening,and Wear Behavior of Chromium-Alloyed Hadfield Steel in Abrasive and Impact Conditions[J].Tribol Lett,2015,57:24.
[8]SOHN S S,HONG S,LEE J,et al.Effects of Mn and Al contents on cryogenic-temperature tensile and Charpy impact properties in four austenitic high-Mn steels[J].Acta Materialia,2015,100:39-52.
[9]MOGHADDAM E G,VARAHRAM N,DAVAMI P.On the comparison of microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of high-vanadium austenitic manganese steels with the Hadfield steel[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2012,532:260-266.
[10]何力,卢锦德,熊玉竹,等.合金化对高锰钢奥氏体基体强度及耐磨性的影响[J].贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,29(2):45-48.
[11]WANG W Y,XU J,XIE J P.Study of the Impact Abrasive Wear of New Super-High Manganese Steel[J].Key Engineering Materials,2014,575-576:550-553.
[12]丁志敏,刘国伟,王建新,等.高锰钢辙叉心轨的锻造(轧制)生产方法:中国,ZL200510113952.5[P].2009-05-06.
[13]LI Y G,ZHANG F C,CHEN C,et al.Effects of deformation on the microstructures and mechanical properties of carbide-free bainitic steel for railway crossing and its hydrogen embrittlement characteristics[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2016,651:945-950.
[14]LAN H F,DU L X,LI Q,et al.Improvement of strength-toughness combination in austempered low carbon bainitic steel:The key role of refining prior austenite grain size[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,10:702-710.
[15]马世榜,苏彬彬,王旭,等.基于激光熔覆Si C/Ni复合涂层的耐磨性[J].材料工程,2016,44(1):77-82.
[16]王辉,谭小东,刘兴刚,等.铬钼合金化对高锰钢疲劳性能的影响[J].材料与冶金学报,2010,9(12):245-249.
[17]廖畅,李卫,刘晋珲.钨对高锰钢显微组织和冲击韧性的影响[J].铸造,2011,60(4):390-396.
[18]刘通,孙桂芳,张永康.45#钢表面激光合金化Ni CrAl2O3涂层的组织及耐磨性能研究[J].表面技术,2016,45(10):64-69.
[19]齐俊杰,黄运华,张跃.微合金化钢[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2006.