集体林地不同经营模式对林地经营投入的影响——以江西省为例
|
摘要
【目的】试图回答集体林地不同经营模式对农户林地资金投入和劳动力投入的影响,以促进森林资源增长和林业可持续发展。【方法】基于江西省集体林区10个样本县50个样本村500户农户调查数据,运用计量模型分析联户经营、股份合作经营对农户林地资金投入和劳动力投入的影响。【结果】联户经营对农户是否参与资金投入具有显著促进作用,其影响系数为1.013,且联户经营对农户资金投入规模也具有显著正向影响,对资金总投入和单位面积投入的影响系数分别为4.174和1.909;股份合作经营对农户劳动力投入规模具有显著正向影响,对劳动力总投入和单位面积投入的影响系数分别为0.521和0.180;股份合作经营对采伐政策具有正向调节作用,联户经营和股份合作经营能够减轻偏远山区交通不便对劳动力投入的限制;农户家庭人力资本、林地状况、经济能力等禀赋对农户林地经营投入也具有不同程度影响。【结论】联户经营和股份合作经营能够促进农户林地经营投入,但目前发展程度较低,对林地资金投入和劳动力投入的影响存在较大差异。为促进林业可持续发展,应引导联户经营和股份合作经营的规范化、程序化,尤其在交通偏远的地区,倡导联户经营和股份合作经营,发挥其成员多、信息广等优势;同时,加强集体林权配套改革和林区基础设施改善,增强农户营林积极性。
【Objective】 This paper attempted to answer the question of what specific impact on households' capital input and labor input in forest management could be caused by engaging in different forest management types. The concerns are of important significance in enhancing forest resource growth and forestry sustainable development.【Method】 This research conducted a sample survey of 500 forestry farm households, 50 villages, and 10 counties in Jiangxi Province. By applying quantitative regression method, the research analyzed the impacts of partnership management and joint shareholding management on households' capital input and labor input in forest management.【Result】 Partnership management had a statistically positive influence on households' participation in capital investment in forest management with a coefficient of 1.013. It also significantly impacted the intensity of capital input. The coefficients were 4.174 for total input and 1.909 for per unit input, respectively. Joint shareholding management had a promoting effect on the amount of labor use in forest management, with coefficient of 0.521 for total input and 0.180 for per unit input. In addition, the impact of logging quota policy could be positively regulated by joint shareholding management. Partnership management and joint shareholding management significantly reduced the restrictions on labor input from long distance to township in mountainous areas. Rural households' human capital characteristics, forest land resource characteristics, and finance ability characteristics had diverse effects on households' investment in forest land management.【Conclusion】 Partnership management and joint shareholding management can promote household forest management investment. However, the development of partnership management and joint shareholding management is relatively low. What is more, the impacts of partnership management and joint shareholding management on capital input are different from those on labor input. Therefore, in order to promote the sustainable development of forestry, it is necessary to guide the standardization and procedure of partnership management and joint shareholding management. Especially in remote mountainous areas, we should take the advantages of plentiful members and wide information sources of partnership management and joint shareholding management. Meanwhile, coordinated reform of collective forest tenure and forest infrastructure should be improved, so as to incent farmers to participate in forest management.
【Objective】 This paper attempted to answer the question of what specific impact on households' capital input and labor input in forest management could be caused by engaging in different forest management types. The concerns are of important significance in enhancing forest resource growth and forestry sustainable development.【Method】 This research conducted a sample survey of 500 forestry farm households, 50 villages, and 10 counties in Jiangxi Province. By applying quantitative regression method, the research analyzed the impacts of partnership management and joint shareholding management on households' capital input and labor input in forest management.【Result】 Partnership management had a statistically positive influence on households' participation in capital investment in forest management with a coefficient of 1.013. It also significantly impacted the intensity of capital input. The coefficients were 4.174 for total input and 1.909 for per unit input, respectively. Joint shareholding management had a promoting effect on the amount of labor use in forest management, with coefficient of 0.521 for total input and 0.180 for per unit input. In addition, the impact of logging quota policy could be positively regulated by joint shareholding management. Partnership management and joint shareholding management significantly reduced the restrictions on labor input from long distance to township in mountainous areas. Rural households' human capital characteristics, forest land resource characteristics, and finance ability characteristics had diverse effects on households' investment in forest land management.【Conclusion】 Partnership management and joint shareholding management can promote household forest management investment. However, the development of partnership management and joint shareholding management is relatively low. What is more, the impacts of partnership management and joint shareholding management on capital input are different from those on labor input. Therefore, in order to promote the sustainable development of forestry, it is necessary to guide the standardization and procedure of partnership management and joint shareholding management. Especially in remote mountainous areas, we should take the advantages of plentiful members and wide information sources of partnership management and joint shareholding management. Meanwhile, coordinated reform of collective forest tenure and forest infrastructure should be improved, so as to incent farmers to participate in forest management.
引文
蔡娟.2016.集体林改背景下甘肃省农户林业投入行为影响因素研究.北京:北京林业大学硕士学位论文.(Cai J.2016.Determinants of rural households’ forest investment behavior in the context of the collective forestry reform in Gansu.Beijing:MS thesis of Beijing Forestry University.[in Chinese])
陈锡文.2006.坚持集体林权制度改革推进新农村建设.林业经济,(6):9-11.(Chen X W.2006.Adhere to the collective forest tenure reform and promote the construction of new countryside.Forestry Economics,(6):9-11.[in Chinese])
国家林业局.2014.第八次全国森林资源清查结果公布.中国绿色时报.(State Forestry Administration.2014.The results of the eighth national forest inventory.China Green Times.[in Chinese])
国家林业局.2015.2015年中国林业发展报告.北京:中国林业出版社.(State Forestry Administration.2015.China forestry development report 2015.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House.[in Chinese])
贺东航,朱冬亮,王清军,等.2014.集体林权制度改革2013 年监测观察报告.林业经济,(4):23-36.(He D H,Zhu D L,Wang Q J,et al.2014.The collective forest tenure reform monitoring observations in 2013.Forestry Economics,(4):23-36.[in Chinese])
黄安胜,张春霞,苏时鹏,等.2008.林业股份合作制模式最优经营规模分析:基于协调成本的思考.林业经济问题,28(5):414-418.(Huang A S,Zhang C X,Su S P,et al.2008.The analysis of the optimal scale of forestry stock cooperation system management:involving coordination costs.Issues of Forestry Economics,28(5):414-418.[in Chinese])
回良玉.2009.全面推进集体林权制度改革切实加强生态文明建设.林业经济,(10):5-8.(Hui L Y.2009.Comprehensively push forward collective forest tenure reform to effectively strengthen ecological civilization.Forestry Economics,(10):5-8.[in Chinese])
康小兰,朱述斌,刘滨.2014.林改政策对不同资源禀赋林农的营林造林行为影响与作用机理研究——以江西省为例.林业经济问题,34(1):31-37.(Kang X L,Zhu S B,Liu B.2014.The research of policy reform influence and effect of forestation behavior on different resource endowment of farmers——a case study of Jiangxi Province.Issues of Forestry Economics,34(1):31-37.[in Chinese])
孔凡斌,廖文梅.2014.地形和区位因素对农户林地投入与产出水平的影响——基于 8 省 (区) 1 790 户农户数据的实证分析.林业科学,50(11):129-137.(Kong F B,Liao W M.2014.Analysis of the effects of the terrain and geographic factors on farmers’ input and output of forestland from 1 790 households in 8 provinces of China.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,50(11):129-137.[in Chinese])
廖文梅,孔凡斌.2012.农户参与林业合作组织意愿的影响因素研究——以江西为例.江西财经大学学报,(4):71-78.(Liao W M,Kong F B.2012.The influencing factors of rural households participating in forestry cooperated organization——a case study in Jiangxi province.Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,(4):71-78.[in Chinese])
廖文梅,孔凡斌,林颖.2015.劳动力转移程度对农户林地投入产出水平的影响.林业科学,51(12):87-95.(Liao W M,Kong F B,Lin Y,2015.The impact of labor transfer level on input and output of household forestland-based production——empirical analysis based on 1178 households in Jiangxi province.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,51(12):87-95.[in Chinese])
刘振滨,林丽梅,许佳贤,等.2016.林改后农户林地经营规模变动的影响因素分析——基于福建典型样本村的调查研究.林业经济,(6):28-33.(Liu Z B,Lin L M,Xu J X,et al.2016.The factors affecting changes on the forestry scale of farmers management after the reform on forestry system——basing on investigation of a representative village sampled in Fujian.Forestry Economics,(6):28-33.[in Chinese])
申津羽,侯一蕾,吴静,等.2014.农户选择林业不同经营形式的意愿及影响因素分析——基于福建省三明市的实证研究.林业科学,50(11):138-146.(Shen J Y,Hou Y L,Wu J,et al.2014.Factors affecting households’ intentions in choosing different forest management models:a case study in Sanming,Fujian.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,50(11):138-146.[in Chinese])
沈屏,伊宏峰,戴蓬军.2013.农民家庭林业经营模式选择影响因素实证研究——以辽宁省为例.林业经济,(5):91-95.(Shen P,Yi H F,Dai P J.2013.An empirical study on influencing factors of farmers’ choices of household forestry modes——a case study of Liaoning province.Forestry Economics,(5):91-95.[in Chinese])
王洪玉,翟印礼.2009.产权制度安排对农户造林投入行为的影响——以辽宁省为例.农业技术经济,(2):62-68.(Wang H Y,Zhai Y L.2009.The influence of property right system arrangement on the afforestation investment behavior of peasant households:a case study in Liaoning.Journal of Agrotechnical,(2):62-68.[in Chinese])
王济川,郭志刚.2001.Logistic 回归模型:方法与应用.北京:高等教育出版社.(Wangle J C,Guo Z G.2001.Logistic regression models:methods and applications.Beijing:Higher Education Press.[in Chinese])
吴静,王昌海,侯一蕾,等.2013.不同林业经营模式的选择及影响因素分析.北京林业大学学报:社会科学版,12(4):13-20.(Wu J,Wang C H,Hou Y L,et al.2013.A study on the selection of various forestland management modes and the influencing factors.Journal of Beijing Forestry University:Social Sciences,12(4):13-20.[in Chinese])
谢芳婷,朱述斌,杜娟,等.2018.集体林区区位因素、林地禀赋对农户选择林业经营模式的影响.林业经济问题,38(3):1-6.(Xie F T,Zhu S B,Du J,et al.2018.The influence of location factors and forestland endowments of collective forest area on households’ choice of management modes.Issues of Forestry Economics,38(3):1-6.[in Chinese])
徐晋涛,孙妍,姜雪梅,等.2008.我国集体林区林权制度改革模式和绩效分析.林业经济,(9):27-38.(Xu J T,Sun Y,Jiang X M,et al.2008.Collective forest tenure reform in China:analysis of pattern and performance.Forestry Economics,(9):27–38.[in Chinese])
徐秀英,付双双,李晓格,等.2014.林地细碎化、规模经济与竹林生产——以浙江龙游县为例.资源科学,36(11):2379-2385.(Xu X Y,Fu S S,Li X G,et al.2014.Forestland fragmentation,economies of scale and bamboo production.Resources Science,36(11):2379-2385.[in Chinese])
杨超,程宝栋,宋维明.2016.农业供给侧改革背景下山区林业政策有效性研究——以福建省为例.山地学报,34(6):763-771.(Yang C,Cheng B D,Song W M.2016.Empirical analysis on the influencing of preferential forestry policy in the context of structural reform of the supply front:a case in Fujian Province.Mountain Research,34(6):763-771.[in Chinese])
银小柯,陈国兴,王文烂.2012.交易费用视角下林业联户经营形成机理分析.福建农林大学学报:哲学社会科学版,15(1):46-49.(Yin X K,Chen G X,Wang W L.2012.Analysis on the formation mechanism of the forestry joint household operations from the perspective of transaction costs.Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Philosophy and Social Sciences,15(1):46-49.[in Chinese])
银小柯,王文烂.2011.集体行动的逻辑视角下林业联户经营投入激励分析.林业经济问题,31(5):406-410.(Yin X K,Wang W L.2011.Analysis on excitation of operation investment of forestry joint household from the perspective of collective action.Issues of Forestry Economics,31(5):406-410.[in Chinese])
Kilgore M A.2014.Do high property taxes influence family forest land Tenure decisions?Journal of Forest Economics,20(2):161-173.
McDonald J F,Moffitt R A.1980.The uses of Tobit analysis.The Review of Economics and Statistics,62(2):318-321.
Qin P,Xu J.2013.Forest land rights,tenure types,and farmers’ investment incentives in China:an empirical study of Fujian Province.China Agricultural Economic Review,5(1):154-170.
Xie Y,Wen Y,Zhang Y,et al.2013.Impact of property rights reform on household forest management investment:an empirical study of southern China.Forest Policy and Economics,34:73-78.
Yin R,Yao S,Huo X.2013.China’s forest tenure reform and institutional change in the new century:what has been implemented and what remains to be pursued?Land Use Policy,30(1):825-833.
陈锡文.2006.坚持集体林权制度改革推进新农村建设.林业经济,(6):9-11.(Chen X W.2006.Adhere to the collective forest tenure reform and promote the construction of new countryside.Forestry Economics,(6):9-11.[in Chinese])
国家林业局.2014.第八次全国森林资源清查结果公布.中国绿色时报.(State Forestry Administration.2014.The results of the eighth national forest inventory.China Green Times.[in Chinese])
国家林业局.2015.2015年中国林业发展报告.北京:中国林业出版社.(State Forestry Administration.2015.China forestry development report 2015.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House.[in Chinese])
贺东航,朱冬亮,王清军,等.2014.集体林权制度改革2013 年监测观察报告.林业经济,(4):23-36.(He D H,Zhu D L,Wang Q J,et al.2014.The collective forest tenure reform monitoring observations in 2013.Forestry Economics,(4):23-36.[in Chinese])
黄安胜,张春霞,苏时鹏,等.2008.林业股份合作制模式最优经营规模分析:基于协调成本的思考.林业经济问题,28(5):414-418.(Huang A S,Zhang C X,Su S P,et al.2008.The analysis of the optimal scale of forestry stock cooperation system management:involving coordination costs.Issues of Forestry Economics,28(5):414-418.[in Chinese])
回良玉.2009.全面推进集体林权制度改革切实加强生态文明建设.林业经济,(10):5-8.(Hui L Y.2009.Comprehensively push forward collective forest tenure reform to effectively strengthen ecological civilization.Forestry Economics,(10):5-8.[in Chinese])
康小兰,朱述斌,刘滨.2014.林改政策对不同资源禀赋林农的营林造林行为影响与作用机理研究——以江西省为例.林业经济问题,34(1):31-37.(Kang X L,Zhu S B,Liu B.2014.The research of policy reform influence and effect of forestation behavior on different resource endowment of farmers——a case study of Jiangxi Province.Issues of Forestry Economics,34(1):31-37.[in Chinese])
孔凡斌,廖文梅.2014.地形和区位因素对农户林地投入与产出水平的影响——基于 8 省 (区) 1 790 户农户数据的实证分析.林业科学,50(11):129-137.(Kong F B,Liao W M.2014.Analysis of the effects of the terrain and geographic factors on farmers’ input and output of forestland from 1 790 households in 8 provinces of China.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,50(11):129-137.[in Chinese])
廖文梅,孔凡斌.2012.农户参与林业合作组织意愿的影响因素研究——以江西为例.江西财经大学学报,(4):71-78.(Liao W M,Kong F B.2012.The influencing factors of rural households participating in forestry cooperated organization——a case study in Jiangxi province.Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,(4):71-78.[in Chinese])
廖文梅,孔凡斌,林颖.2015.劳动力转移程度对农户林地投入产出水平的影响.林业科学,51(12):87-95.(Liao W M,Kong F B,Lin Y,2015.The impact of labor transfer level on input and output of household forestland-based production——empirical analysis based on 1178 households in Jiangxi province.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,51(12):87-95.[in Chinese])
刘振滨,林丽梅,许佳贤,等.2016.林改后农户林地经营规模变动的影响因素分析——基于福建典型样本村的调查研究.林业经济,(6):28-33.(Liu Z B,Lin L M,Xu J X,et al.2016.The factors affecting changes on the forestry scale of farmers management after the reform on forestry system——basing on investigation of a representative village sampled in Fujian.Forestry Economics,(6):28-33.[in Chinese])
申津羽,侯一蕾,吴静,等.2014.农户选择林业不同经营形式的意愿及影响因素分析——基于福建省三明市的实证研究.林业科学,50(11):138-146.(Shen J Y,Hou Y L,Wu J,et al.2014.Factors affecting households’ intentions in choosing different forest management models:a case study in Sanming,Fujian.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,50(11):138-146.[in Chinese])
沈屏,伊宏峰,戴蓬军.2013.农民家庭林业经营模式选择影响因素实证研究——以辽宁省为例.林业经济,(5):91-95.(Shen P,Yi H F,Dai P J.2013.An empirical study on influencing factors of farmers’ choices of household forestry modes——a case study of Liaoning province.Forestry Economics,(5):91-95.[in Chinese])
王洪玉,翟印礼.2009.产权制度安排对农户造林投入行为的影响——以辽宁省为例.农业技术经济,(2):62-68.(Wang H Y,Zhai Y L.2009.The influence of property right system arrangement on the afforestation investment behavior of peasant households:a case study in Liaoning.Journal of Agrotechnical,(2):62-68.[in Chinese])
王济川,郭志刚.2001.Logistic 回归模型:方法与应用.北京:高等教育出版社.(Wangle J C,Guo Z G.2001.Logistic regression models:methods and applications.Beijing:Higher Education Press.[in Chinese])
吴静,王昌海,侯一蕾,等.2013.不同林业经营模式的选择及影响因素分析.北京林业大学学报:社会科学版,12(4):13-20.(Wu J,Wang C H,Hou Y L,et al.2013.A study on the selection of various forestland management modes and the influencing factors.Journal of Beijing Forestry University:Social Sciences,12(4):13-20.[in Chinese])
谢芳婷,朱述斌,杜娟,等.2018.集体林区区位因素、林地禀赋对农户选择林业经营模式的影响.林业经济问题,38(3):1-6.(Xie F T,Zhu S B,Du J,et al.2018.The influence of location factors and forestland endowments of collective forest area on households’ choice of management modes.Issues of Forestry Economics,38(3):1-6.[in Chinese])
徐晋涛,孙妍,姜雪梅,等.2008.我国集体林区林权制度改革模式和绩效分析.林业经济,(9):27-38.(Xu J T,Sun Y,Jiang X M,et al.2008.Collective forest tenure reform in China:analysis of pattern and performance.Forestry Economics,(9):27–38.[in Chinese])
徐秀英,付双双,李晓格,等.2014.林地细碎化、规模经济与竹林生产——以浙江龙游县为例.资源科学,36(11):2379-2385.(Xu X Y,Fu S S,Li X G,et al.2014.Forestland fragmentation,economies of scale and bamboo production.Resources Science,36(11):2379-2385.[in Chinese])
杨超,程宝栋,宋维明.2016.农业供给侧改革背景下山区林业政策有效性研究——以福建省为例.山地学报,34(6):763-771.(Yang C,Cheng B D,Song W M.2016.Empirical analysis on the influencing of preferential forestry policy in the context of structural reform of the supply front:a case in Fujian Province.Mountain Research,34(6):763-771.[in Chinese])
银小柯,陈国兴,王文烂.2012.交易费用视角下林业联户经营形成机理分析.福建农林大学学报:哲学社会科学版,15(1):46-49.(Yin X K,Chen G X,Wang W L.2012.Analysis on the formation mechanism of the forestry joint household operations from the perspective of transaction costs.Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Philosophy and Social Sciences,15(1):46-49.[in Chinese])
银小柯,王文烂.2011.集体行动的逻辑视角下林业联户经营投入激励分析.林业经济问题,31(5):406-410.(Yin X K,Wang W L.2011.Analysis on excitation of operation investment of forestry joint household from the perspective of collective action.Issues of Forestry Economics,31(5):406-410.[in Chinese])
Kilgore M A.2014.Do high property taxes influence family forest land Tenure decisions?Journal of Forest Economics,20(2):161-173.
McDonald J F,Moffitt R A.1980.The uses of Tobit analysis.The Review of Economics and Statistics,62(2):318-321.
Qin P,Xu J.2013.Forest land rights,tenure types,and farmers’ investment incentives in China:an empirical study of Fujian Province.China Agricultural Economic Review,5(1):154-170.
Xie Y,Wen Y,Zhang Y,et al.2013.Impact of property rights reform on household forest management investment:an empirical study of southern China.Forest Policy and Economics,34:73-78.
Yin R,Yao S,Huo X.2013.China’s forest tenure reform and institutional change in the new century:what has been implemented and what remains to be pursued?Land Use Policy,30(1):825-833.