基于分形理论的淮河水系形态结构特征分析
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摘要
为定量描述水系形态结构特征,首先运用ArcGIS软件对淮河流域水系进行了提取和修正;其次,基于分形理论,且充分考虑到人工水系的建设情况,借助MATLAB软件程序对淮河流域13个水资源3级分区考虑和去除人工水系情况下的水系盒维数进行了计算;最后,对计算结果和流域内其他特征参数进行了讨论分析.结果表明,水系盒维数可以较好地表征流域内水系形态结构,且能在一定程度上反映出流域人类活动、水系发育情况、地貌特征、土地利用情况等.
In order to quantify the characteristics of river system form structure, the river system of the Huaihe River Basin is extracted and modified firstly by using ArcGIS software. Based on the fractal theory and the construction situation of artificial river system, river system box dimension of 13 water resources third-grade districts in Huaihe River Basin is calculated under the condition of artificial river system and without condition of artificial river system by using MATLAB producing procedure. Finally, the calculation results and watershed features are discussed. The results show that the form structure of river system can be characterized well by river system box dimension, which can reflect the human activities, development of river system, geomorphic feature and land utilization to some extent.
In order to quantify the characteristics of river system form structure, the river system of the Huaihe River Basin is extracted and modified firstly by using ArcGIS software. Based on the fractal theory and the construction situation of artificial river system, river system box dimension of 13 water resources third-grade districts in Huaihe River Basin is calculated under the condition of artificial river system and without condition of artificial river system by using MATLAB producing procedure. Finally, the calculation results and watershed features are discussed. The results show that the form structure of river system can be characterized well by river system box dimension, which can reflect the human activities, development of river system, geomorphic feature and land utilization to some extent.
引文
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[19] 马爽爽.基于河流健康的水系格局与连通性研究[D].南京:南京大学,2013. Ma Shuangshuang. Study on river network pattern and connectivity of Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou plain region[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University, 2013.
[20] 杨晓敏.基于图论的水系连通性评价研究——以胶东地区为例[D].济南:济南大学,2014. Yang Xiaomin. Study on water system connectivity evaluation based on graph theory research in Jiaodong Area[D]. Jinan: Jinan University, 2014.
[21] 张永勇,李宗礼,刘晓洁.近千年淮河流域河湖水系连通演变特征[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(4):77-83. Zhang Yongyong, Li Zongli, Liu Xiaojie. Evolution of interconnected river and lake networks in the Huai River Basion over the last millennium[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology, 2016, 14(4): 77-83.
[22] Zhang Y Y, Xia J, Liang T, et al. Impact of water projects on river flow regimes and water quality in Huai River Basin [J]. Water Resources Management Hydrobiologia, 2010, 24(5): 889-908.
[23] 何隆华,赵宏.水系的分形维数及其含义[J].地理科学,1996,16(2):124-128. He Longhua, Zhao Hong. The fractal dimension of river networks and its interpretation [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1996, 16(2): 124-128.
[2] 李宗礼,郝秀平,王中根,等.河湖水系连通分类体系探讨[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(11):1975-1982. Li Zongli, Hao Xiuping, Wang Zhonggen, et al. Exploration on classification of interconnected river system network [J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2011, 26 (11): 1975-1982.
[3] 靳梦.郑州市水系连通的城市化响应研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2014. Jin Meng.Research on the urbanization response of interconnected river system network in Zhengzhou City[D]. Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University, 2014.
[4] Mark A, Wiering Peter R J Driessen. Beyond theart of diking interactive poliey on river management in the Netherlands [J]. Water Poliey, 2001,(3): 283-296.
[5] Shreve R L. Infinite topologically random channel networks [J]. The Journal of Geology, 1967:178-186.
[6] Goodchild M, Mark D. Review article: The fractal nature of geographic phenomena [J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1987, 77(2): 265-278.
[7] Nash L L, Gleick P H. Sensitivity of streamflow in the colorado basin to climatic changes [J]. Journal of hydrology, 1991, 125(3): 221-241.
[8] Tarboton D G. Fractal river networks, Horton’s laws and Tokunaga cyclicity [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1996, 187(1-2): 105-117.
[9] Barbera L, Rosso R. On fractal geometry of river networks [J]. Water Resources Research, 1989, 25(4): 735-741.
[10] Claps P, Oliveto G. Reexamining the determination of the fractal dimension of river networks [J]. Water Resources Research, 1996, 32(10): 3123-3135.
[11] Veltri M, Veltri P, Maiolo M. On the fractal description of natural channel networks [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1996, 187(1): 137-144.
[12] Freedman T G. Calculating catchment areas with divergent flow based on a regular grid [J]. Computers & Geosciences, 1991, 17: 413-432.
[13] Nikora V I, Sapozhnikov V B. River network fractal geometry and its computer-simulation [J]. Water Resources Research, 1993, 29(10): 3569-3575.
[14] Garbrecht J, Wartz L W. Automated channel ordering and node indexing for raster channel networks [J]. Computers & Geosciences, 1997, 23(9):961-966.
[15] 马宗伟,许有鹏,李嘉峻.河流形态的分维及与洪水关系的探讨——以长江中下游为例[J] .水科学进展,2005,16(4):530-534. Ma Zongwei, Xu Youpeng, Li Jiajun. River fractal dimension and the relationship between river fractal dimension and river flood: case study in the middle and lower course of the Yangtze River [J]. Advances in Water Science, 2005, 16 (4): 530-534.
[16] 夏军,高扬,左其亭,等.河湖水系连通特征及其利弊[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(1):26-31. Xia Jun, Gao Yang, Zuo Qiting, et al. Characteristics of interconnected rivers system and its ecological effects on water environment [J].Progress in Geography, 2012, 31 (1): 26-31.
[17] 赵进勇,董哲仁,翟正丽,等.基于图论的河道-滩区系统连通性评价方法[J].水利学报,2011,42(5):537-543. Zhao Jinyong, Dong Zheren, Zhai Zhengli, et al. Evaluation method for river floodplain system connectivity based on graph theory [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2011, 42 (5): 537-543.
[18] 邵玉龙,许有鹏,马爽爽.太湖流域城市化发展下水系结构与河网连通变化分析——以苏州市中心区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(10):1167-1172. Shao Yulong, Xu Youpeng, Ma Shuangshuang. Chance of river structure and stream network connectivity in the Taihu Lake basin under the urbanization development-a case study in urban Suzhou[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2012, 21 (10): 1167-1172.
[19] 马爽爽.基于河流健康的水系格局与连通性研究[D].南京:南京大学,2013. Ma Shuangshuang. Study on river network pattern and connectivity of Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou plain region[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University, 2013.
[20] 杨晓敏.基于图论的水系连通性评价研究——以胶东地区为例[D].济南:济南大学,2014. Yang Xiaomin. Study on water system connectivity evaluation based on graph theory research in Jiaodong Area[D]. Jinan: Jinan University, 2014.
[21] 张永勇,李宗礼,刘晓洁.近千年淮河流域河湖水系连通演变特征[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(4):77-83. Zhang Yongyong, Li Zongli, Liu Xiaojie. Evolution of interconnected river and lake networks in the Huai River Basion over the last millennium[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology, 2016, 14(4): 77-83.
[22] Zhang Y Y, Xia J, Liang T, et al. Impact of water projects on river flow regimes and water quality in Huai River Basin [J]. Water Resources Management Hydrobiologia, 2010, 24(5): 889-908.
[23] 何隆华,赵宏.水系的分形维数及其含义[J].地理科学,1996,16(2):124-128. He Longhua, Zhao Hong. The fractal dimension of river networks and its interpretation [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1996, 16(2): 124-128.