间伐和林下植被剔除对毛竹林土壤氮矿化速率及其温度敏感性的影响
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摘要
选择中亚热带毛竹人工林为研究对象,利用野外原位和室内培养相结合的方法,探讨不同间伐强度(25%间伐、50%间伐)和林下植被剔除对土壤氮矿化速率及其温度敏感性的影响。结果表明,25%间伐显著增加土壤氨化速率(P<0.01),但降低硝化速率(P<0.01);50%间伐显著增加土壤硝化速率(P<0.01),而林下植被剔除显著降低土壤硝化速率(P<0.01)。相关分析的结果表明,土壤氨化速率与有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)及全磷(TP)含量呈显著负相关关系;硝化速率与SOC、含水量(SWC)呈显著正相关关系,与铵态氮(NH~+_4-N)含量呈显著负相关关系。随着温度的升高,不同处理下的氨化速率均显著增加(P<0.01),而硝化速率显著降低(P<0.01)。25%间伐显著降低土壤净氮矿化和氨化过程的Q_(10)值,对硝化过程的Q_(10)值影响不显著;50%间伐对氨化和硝化过程的Q_(10)值影响均不显著;林下植被剔除对氨化过程的Q_(10)值影响不显著,但显著增加硝化过程的Q_(10)值。不同处理下的土壤氮矿化过程的Q_(10)值介于1.17—1.36之间。25%间伐和林下植被保留有利于毛竹林土壤氮素的供给。
Nitrogen(N) is an essential element for plant growth, and only inorganic N can be directly absorbed by plants. Thus N mineralization and its temperature sensitivity are of significance to the biogeochemical cycle and ecosystem function. In the present study, field experiments in combination with thermostatic cultivation were conducted to investigate the effects of thinning intensities [25%thinning(25%Th) and 50%thinning(50%Th)] and understory removal(UR) on soil N mineralization and its temperature sensitivity in Moso plantation. The results showed that 25%Th significantly increased the soil N ammonification rate(P<0.01), but it decreased the nitrification rate(P<0.01). By contrast, 50%Th and UR had significant effects on the nitrification rate, but not on the ammonification rate. Specifically, 50%Th remarkably increased the nitrification rate(P<0.01), whereas UR decreased the nitrification rate(P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that there were negative correlations between the ammonification rate and soil organic carbon content(SOC), total nitrogen content and total phosphorus content; the soil nitrification rate showed positive correlations with SOC and soil water content, but negative correlation with ammonium nitrogen(NH~+_4-N) content. Q_(10) was used to indicate the correlation between temperature and N mineralization. 25%Th decreased the Q_(10) of net N mineralization and ammonification, while UR increased that of nitrification. In general, Q_(10 )under different treatments were 1.17 and 1.36. In conclusion, 25%Th and understory conservation are beneficial to soil N supply in Moso plantation.
Nitrogen(N) is an essential element for plant growth, and only inorganic N can be directly absorbed by plants. Thus N mineralization and its temperature sensitivity are of significance to the biogeochemical cycle and ecosystem function. In the present study, field experiments in combination with thermostatic cultivation were conducted to investigate the effects of thinning intensities [25%thinning(25%Th) and 50%thinning(50%Th)] and understory removal(UR) on soil N mineralization and its temperature sensitivity in Moso plantation. The results showed that 25%Th significantly increased the soil N ammonification rate(P<0.01), but it decreased the nitrification rate(P<0.01). By contrast, 50%Th and UR had significant effects on the nitrification rate, but not on the ammonification rate. Specifically, 50%Th remarkably increased the nitrification rate(P<0.01), whereas UR decreased the nitrification rate(P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that there were negative correlations between the ammonification rate and soil organic carbon content(SOC), total nitrogen content and total phosphorus content; the soil nitrification rate showed positive correlations with SOC and soil water content, but negative correlation with ammonium nitrogen(NH~+_4-N) content. Q_(10) was used to indicate the correlation between temperature and N mineralization. 25%Th decreased the Q_(10) of net N mineralization and ammonification, while UR increased that of nitrification. In general, Q_(10 )under different treatments were 1.17 and 1.36. In conclusion, 25%Th and understory conservation are beneficial to soil N supply in Moso plantation.
引文
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[4] Kaleeem Abbasi M,Tahir M M,Sabir N,Khurshid,M.Impact of the addition of different plant residues on nitrogen mineralization-immobilization turnover and carbon content of a soil incubated under laboratory conditions.Solid Earth,2015,6(1):197- 205
[5] Schütt M,Borken W,Spott O,Stange,C F,Matzner E.Temperature sensitivity of C and N mineralization in temperate forest soils at low temperatures.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,69:320- 327.
[6] Zhang X L,Wang Q,Xu J,Gilliam F S,Tremblay N,Li C H.In situ nitrogen mineralization,nitrification,and ammonia volatilization in maize field fertilized with urea in Huanghuaihai region of Northern China.PLoS One,2015,10(1):e0115649.
[7] 杜宁宁,邱莉萍,张兴昌,程积民.半干旱区土地利用方式对土壤碳氮矿化的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(5):73- 78.
[8] 肖好燕,刘宝,余再鹏,万晓华,桑昌鹏,周富伟,黄志群.亚热带不同林分土壤矿质氮库及氮矿化速率的季节动态.应用生态学报,2017,28(3):730- 738.
[9] 李光耀,杨晓东,史青茹,马文济,王希华,阎恩荣.浙江天童森林砍伐对土壤养分库和氮矿化-硝化特征的影响.生态学杂志,2014,33(3):709- 715.
[10] 徐宪根,周焱,阮宏华,韩勇,於华,曹慧敏,汪家社,徐自坤.武夷山不同海拔高度土壤氮矿化对温度变化的响应.生态学杂志,2009,28(7):1298- 1302.
[11] Inagaki Y,Kuramoto S,Torii A,Shinomiya Y,Fukata H.Effects of thinning on leaf-fall and leaf-litter nitrogen concentration in hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher) plantation stands in Japan.Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255(5- 6):1859- 1867.
[12] Prescott C E.Effects of clearcutting and alternative silvicultural systems on rates of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in a coastal montane coniferous forest.Forest Ecology and Management,1997,95(3):253- 260.
[13] Matsushima M,Chang S X.Effects of understory removal,N fertilization,and litter layer removal on soil N cycling in a 13-year-old white spruce plantation infested with Canada blue joint grass.Plant and Soil,2007,292(1/2):243- 258.
[14] Wu J P,Liu Z F,Wang X L,Sun Y X,Zhou L X,Lin Y B,Fu S L.Effects of understory removal and tree girdling on soil microbial community composition and litter decomposition in two Eucalyptus plantations in South China.Functional Ecology,2011,25(4):921- 931.
[15] Blazier M A,Hennessey T C,Deng S P.Effects of fertilization and vegetation control on microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity in a juvenile loblolly pine plantation.Forest Science,2005,51(5):449- 459.
[16] 李翀,周国模,施拥军,周宇峰,徐小军,张宇鹏,范叶青,沈振明.毛竹林老竹水平和经营措施对新竹发育质量的影响.生态学报,2016,36(8):2243- 2254.
[17] 佘宇晨,陈彩虹,丁思一,汪思龙,常双双.间伐和修枝对杉木人工林土壤微生物群落结构的影响.中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(3):23- 27.
[18] Pang X Y,BaoW K,Zhu B,Cheng W X.Responses of soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity to thinning in a pine plantation.Agricultural and Forest Meterorology,2013,171- 172:57- 64.
[19] Son Y H,Lee W K,Lee S E,Ryu S R.Effects of thinning on soil nitrogen mineralization in a Japanese larch plantation.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,1999,30(17- 18):2539- 2550.
[20] Knoepp J D,Swank W T.Using soil temperature and moisture to predict forest soil nitrogen mineralization.Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,36(3):177- 182.
[21] Song Q N,Lu H,Liu J,Yang J,Yang GY,Yang Q P.Accessing the impacts of bamboo expansion on NPP and N cycling in evergreen broadleaved forest in subtropical China.Scientific Reports,2017,7:40383.
[22] Wu J P,Liu Z F,Chen D M,Huang G M,Zhou L X,Fu S L.Understory plants can make substantial contributions to soil respiration:Evidence from two subtropical plantations.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(11):2355- 2357.
[23] Zhao J,Wan S Z,Li Z A,Shao Y H,Xu G L,Liu Z F,Zhou L X,Fu S L.Dicranopteris-dominated understory as major driver of intensive forest ecosystem in humid subtropical and tropical region.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,49:78- 87.
[24] Bargett R,Wardle D.Abovegroundbelowground linkages:biotic interactions,ecosystem processes,and global change.Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press,2010.
[25] Wang F M,Zou B,Li H F,Li Z A.The effect of understory removal on microclimate and soil properties in two subtropical lumber plantations.Journal of Forest Research,2014,19(1):238- 243.
[26] Zhao J,Wan S,Fu S L,Wang X L,Wang M,Liang C F,Chen Y Q,Zhu X L.Effects of understory removal and nitrogen fertilization on soil microbial communities in Eucalyptus plantations.Forest Ecology and Management,2013,310:80- 86.
[27] Wan S Z,Zhang C L,Chen Y Q,Zhao J,Wang X L,Wu J P,Zhou L X,Lin Y B,Liu Z F,Fu S L.The understory fern Dicranopteris dichotoma facilitates the overstory Eucalyptus trees in subtropical plantations.Ecosphere,2014,5(5):1- 12.
[28] 李贵才,韩兴国,黄建辉,唐建维.森林生态系统土壤氮矿化影响因素研究进展.生态学报,2001,21(7):1187- 1195.
[29] 周才平,欧阳华.温度和湿度对长白山两种林型下土壤氮矿化的影响.应用生态学报,2001,12(4):505- 508.
[30] Bremer E,Kuikman P.Influence of competition for nitrogen in soil on net mineralization of nitrogen.Plant and soil,1997,190(1):119- 126.
[31] Niklińska M,Maryański M,Laskowski R.Effect of temperature on humus respiration rate and nitrogen mineralization:implications for global climate change.Biogeochemistry,1999,44(3):239- 257.
[32] Dalias P,Anderson J M,Bottner P,Co?teaux M M.Temperature responses of net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in conifer forest soils incubated under standard laboratory conditions.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34 (5):691- 701.
[33] Koch O,Tscherko D,Kandeler E.Temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration,nitrogen mineralization,and potential soil enzyme activities in organic alpine soils.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2007,21(4):GB4017.
[2] 王常慧,邢雪荣,韩兴国.温度和湿度对我国内蒙古羊草草原土壤净氮矿化的影响.生态学报,2004,24(11):2472-2476.
[3] Ameloot N,Sleutel S,Das K C,Kanagaratnam J,de Neve S.Biochar amendment to soils with contrasting organic matter level:effects on N mineralization and biological soil properties.Global Change Biology Bioenergy,2015,7(1):135- 144.
[4] Kaleeem Abbasi M,Tahir M M,Sabir N,Khurshid,M.Impact of the addition of different plant residues on nitrogen mineralization-immobilization turnover and carbon content of a soil incubated under laboratory conditions.Solid Earth,2015,6(1):197- 205
[5] Schütt M,Borken W,Spott O,Stange,C F,Matzner E.Temperature sensitivity of C and N mineralization in temperate forest soils at low temperatures.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,69:320- 327.
[6] Zhang X L,Wang Q,Xu J,Gilliam F S,Tremblay N,Li C H.In situ nitrogen mineralization,nitrification,and ammonia volatilization in maize field fertilized with urea in Huanghuaihai region of Northern China.PLoS One,2015,10(1):e0115649.
[7] 杜宁宁,邱莉萍,张兴昌,程积民.半干旱区土地利用方式对土壤碳氮矿化的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(5):73- 78.
[8] 肖好燕,刘宝,余再鹏,万晓华,桑昌鹏,周富伟,黄志群.亚热带不同林分土壤矿质氮库及氮矿化速率的季节动态.应用生态学报,2017,28(3):730- 738.
[9] 李光耀,杨晓东,史青茹,马文济,王希华,阎恩荣.浙江天童森林砍伐对土壤养分库和氮矿化-硝化特征的影响.生态学杂志,2014,33(3):709- 715.
[10] 徐宪根,周焱,阮宏华,韩勇,於华,曹慧敏,汪家社,徐自坤.武夷山不同海拔高度土壤氮矿化对温度变化的响应.生态学杂志,2009,28(7):1298- 1302.
[11] Inagaki Y,Kuramoto S,Torii A,Shinomiya Y,Fukata H.Effects of thinning on leaf-fall and leaf-litter nitrogen concentration in hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher) plantation stands in Japan.Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255(5- 6):1859- 1867.
[12] Prescott C E.Effects of clearcutting and alternative silvicultural systems on rates of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in a coastal montane coniferous forest.Forest Ecology and Management,1997,95(3):253- 260.
[13] Matsushima M,Chang S X.Effects of understory removal,N fertilization,and litter layer removal on soil N cycling in a 13-year-old white spruce plantation infested with Canada blue joint grass.Plant and Soil,2007,292(1/2):243- 258.
[14] Wu J P,Liu Z F,Wang X L,Sun Y X,Zhou L X,Lin Y B,Fu S L.Effects of understory removal and tree girdling on soil microbial community composition and litter decomposition in two Eucalyptus plantations in South China.Functional Ecology,2011,25(4):921- 931.
[15] Blazier M A,Hennessey T C,Deng S P.Effects of fertilization and vegetation control on microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity in a juvenile loblolly pine plantation.Forest Science,2005,51(5):449- 459.
[16] 李翀,周国模,施拥军,周宇峰,徐小军,张宇鹏,范叶青,沈振明.毛竹林老竹水平和经营措施对新竹发育质量的影响.生态学报,2016,36(8):2243- 2254.
[17] 佘宇晨,陈彩虹,丁思一,汪思龙,常双双.间伐和修枝对杉木人工林土壤微生物群落结构的影响.中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(3):23- 27.
[18] Pang X Y,BaoW K,Zhu B,Cheng W X.Responses of soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity to thinning in a pine plantation.Agricultural and Forest Meterorology,2013,171- 172:57- 64.
[19] Son Y H,Lee W K,Lee S E,Ryu S R.Effects of thinning on soil nitrogen mineralization in a Japanese larch plantation.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,1999,30(17- 18):2539- 2550.
[20] Knoepp J D,Swank W T.Using soil temperature and moisture to predict forest soil nitrogen mineralization.Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,36(3):177- 182.
[21] Song Q N,Lu H,Liu J,Yang J,Yang GY,Yang Q P.Accessing the impacts of bamboo expansion on NPP and N cycling in evergreen broadleaved forest in subtropical China.Scientific Reports,2017,7:40383.
[22] Wu J P,Liu Z F,Chen D M,Huang G M,Zhou L X,Fu S L.Understory plants can make substantial contributions to soil respiration:Evidence from two subtropical plantations.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(11):2355- 2357.
[23] Zhao J,Wan S Z,Li Z A,Shao Y H,Xu G L,Liu Z F,Zhou L X,Fu S L.Dicranopteris-dominated understory as major driver of intensive forest ecosystem in humid subtropical and tropical region.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,49:78- 87.
[24] Bargett R,Wardle D.Abovegroundbelowground linkages:biotic interactions,ecosystem processes,and global change.Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press,2010.
[25] Wang F M,Zou B,Li H F,Li Z A.The effect of understory removal on microclimate and soil properties in two subtropical lumber plantations.Journal of Forest Research,2014,19(1):238- 243.
[26] Zhao J,Wan S,Fu S L,Wang X L,Wang M,Liang C F,Chen Y Q,Zhu X L.Effects of understory removal and nitrogen fertilization on soil microbial communities in Eucalyptus plantations.Forest Ecology and Management,2013,310:80- 86.
[27] Wan S Z,Zhang C L,Chen Y Q,Zhao J,Wang X L,Wu J P,Zhou L X,Lin Y B,Liu Z F,Fu S L.The understory fern Dicranopteris dichotoma facilitates the overstory Eucalyptus trees in subtropical plantations.Ecosphere,2014,5(5):1- 12.
[28] 李贵才,韩兴国,黄建辉,唐建维.森林生态系统土壤氮矿化影响因素研究进展.生态学报,2001,21(7):1187- 1195.
[29] 周才平,欧阳华.温度和湿度对长白山两种林型下土壤氮矿化的影响.应用生态学报,2001,12(4):505- 508.
[30] Bremer E,Kuikman P.Influence of competition for nitrogen in soil on net mineralization of nitrogen.Plant and soil,1997,190(1):119- 126.
[31] Niklińska M,Maryański M,Laskowski R.Effect of temperature on humus respiration rate and nitrogen mineralization:implications for global climate change.Biogeochemistry,1999,44(3):239- 257.
[32] Dalias P,Anderson J M,Bottner P,Co?teaux M M.Temperature responses of net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in conifer forest soils incubated under standard laboratory conditions.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34 (5):691- 701.
[33] Koch O,Tscherko D,Kandeler E.Temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration,nitrogen mineralization,and potential soil enzyme activities in organic alpine soils.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2007,21(4):GB4017.