印度河盆地A区块构造特征及其对油气的控制
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摘要
印度河盆地是巴基斯坦境内最大的沉积盆地,油气主要富集在白垩系受断裂控制的构造圈闭内,确定构造及演化特征对下一步油气勘探具有重要的意义。为此,依据地震资料,通过研究印度河盆地A区块白垩系的断裂及构造演化特征,分析圈闭成藏后的构造运动对油气藏保存的控制作用。研究认为:A区块经历了冈瓦纳大陆解体裂谷期、印度板块漂移期和板块碰撞期等3个主要演化时期,其中板块漂移期的拉张—走滑阶段是圈闭形成的主要时期;圈闭成藏后构造活动主要表现为整体抬升和沉降,上升盘同向断阶油气藏部分受到破坏,而上升盘反向断阶圈闭油气藏受构造活动影响不大,因此呈现出前者闭合度大、油气藏高度小,而后者油气充注度高的特点。新的地质认识为评价有利勘探目标指供了指导。
Indus Basin is the biggest sedimentary basin in Pakistan,hydrocarbon enrichment zones are mainly in structural traps controlled by faults in Cretaceous.It has a great significance for the hydrocarbon exploration to clarify its tectonic characteristics and evolution.Based on regional tectonic background and abundant seismic data,we analyze structural characteristics and tectonic evaluation,and summarize its control of hydrocarbon accumulations in the Block A of the basin.Based on the tectonic evolution analysis,the study area has undergone three major stages:Gondwanaland continental rift period,Indian plate drift period,and plate collision period.The strike-slip phase of the Indian plate drift period was the main period for trap forming.The tectonic activity after the hydrocarbon accumulation were whole uplift and subsidence,upthrow synthetic fault terrace reservoirs had partially destroyed,while the tectonic activity had very little influence on upthrow antithetic fault terrace reservoirs.As a result,the former hydrocarbon reservoirs are characterized by large closure with small height of hydrocarbon,while the latter hydrocarbon reservoirs are characterized by high filling degree of hydrocarbon.The above observations might provide a guidance of favorable target evaluation in the Block A.
Indus Basin is the biggest sedimentary basin in Pakistan,hydrocarbon enrichment zones are mainly in structural traps controlled by faults in Cretaceous.It has a great significance for the hydrocarbon exploration to clarify its tectonic characteristics and evolution.Based on regional tectonic background and abundant seismic data,we analyze structural characteristics and tectonic evaluation,and summarize its control of hydrocarbon accumulations in the Block A of the basin.Based on the tectonic evolution analysis,the study area has undergone three major stages:Gondwanaland continental rift period,Indian plate drift period,and plate collision period.The strike-slip phase of the Indian plate drift period was the main period for trap forming.The tectonic activity after the hydrocarbon accumulation were whole uplift and subsidence,upthrow synthetic fault terrace reservoirs had partially destroyed,while the tectonic activity had very little influence on upthrow antithetic fault terrace reservoirs.As a result,the former hydrocarbon reservoirs are characterized by large closure with small height of hydrocarbon,while the latter hydrocarbon reservoirs are characterized by high filling degree of hydrocarbon.The above observations might provide a guidance of favorable target evaluation in the Block A.
引文
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[20] 郭倩,蒲仁海.塔里木盆地巴麦—塔中地区晚古生代古构造演化及油气成藏分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):317-325.GUO Qian,PU Renhai.Paleozoic ancient tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in Bamai-Tazhong area of Tarim basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(2):317-325.
[21] 陈旭,刘彩芹,王红梅,等.印度河盆地T区块构造特征与油气成藏[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1305-1314.CHEN Xu,LIU Caiqin,WANG Hongmei,et al.Tectonic characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Block T,Indus River Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(6):1305-1314.
[2] Naseem S,Sheikh S A,Bashir E.Geochemistry and depositional setting of Fort Munro Formation,Middle and Lower Indus Basins,Pakistan[J].Journal of China University of Geoscience,2005,16(2):160-169.
[3] Carmichael S M,Akhter S,Bennett J K,et al.Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the offshore Indus Basin,Pakistan[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2009,15(2):107-116.
[4] 葛肖虹,任收麦,刘永江,等.中国西部的大陆构造格架[J].石油学报,2001,22(5):1-5.GE Xiaohong,REN Shoumai,LIU Yongjiang,et al.Continental tectonic framework of west China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinca,2001,22(5):1-5.
[5] Huang Z,Wang Y,Wang Y.Sequence stratigraphy and tectonics in Middle Indus Basin,Pakistan[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(1):134-137.
[6] 张菊梅,吴武军,郑希民,等.柴西地区构造样式与油气勘探领域[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):103-110.ZHANG Jumei,WU Wujun,ZHENG Ximin,et al.Structure styles in the West Qaidam Basin and its hydrocarbon exploration prospective[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(S1):103-110.
[7] 崔海峰,田雷,刘军,等.麦盖提斜坡东段断裂活动特征及油气意义[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(6):1241-1250.CUI Haifeng,TIAN Lei,LIU Jun,et al.Fault activity characteristics in Maigaiti eastern slope and its hydrocarbon significance[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(6):1241-1250.
[8] 李明刚,吴克强,康洪全,等.走滑构造变形特征及其形成圈闭分布[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(2):44-47.LI Minggang,WU Keqiang,KANG Hongquan,et al.The deformation characteristics of the strike-slip tectonics and the traps distribuition[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(2):44-47.
[9] Davis G H,Bump A P,Garcia P E,et al.Conjugate Riedel deformation band shear zones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1999,22(2):169-190.
[10] Edwards R A,Minshull T A,White R S.Extension across the Indian-Arabian plate boundary:The Murray Ridge[J].Geophysical Journal International,2000,142(2):461-477.
[11] 李林涛,李运振,赵厚祥,等.印度河前陆盆地油气富集规律与成藏主控因素[J].石油天然气学报,2015,37(9):7-13.LI Lintao,LI Yunzhen,ZHAO Houxiang,et al.The oil and gas accumulation regularity and the main control factor of Indus Forland Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2015,37(9):7-13.
[12] 孙永河,漆家福,吕延防,等.渤中坳陷断裂构造特征及其对油气的控制[J].石油学报,2008,29(5):669-675.SUN Yonghe,QI Jiafu,LYU Yanfang,et al.Characteristics of fault structure and its control to hydrocarbon in Bozhong Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(5):669-675.
[13] 窦立荣,肖坤叶,胡勇,等.乍得Bongor盆地石油地质特征及成藏模式[J].石油学报,2011,32(3):379-386.DOU Lirong,XIAO Kunye,HU Yong,et al.Petroleum geology and a model of hydrocarbon accumu-lations in the Bongor Basin,the Republic of Chad[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(3):379-386.
[14] 刘邦,潘校华,万仑坤,等.东尼日尔Termit盆地构造演化及古近系油气成藏主控因素[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):395-402.LIU Bang,PAN Xiaohua,WAN Lunkun,et al.Structural evolution and main controlling factors of the Paleogene hydrocarbon accumulation in Termit Basin,eastern Niger[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):395-402.
[15] 李建英,陈旭,董玉文,等.巴布亚前陆盆地东部构造特征及油气圈闭类型[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(1):190-196,203.LI Jianying,CHEN Xu,DONG Yuwen,et al.Structure characteristics and hydrocarbon trap types in Papuan Eastern foreland basin[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2016,51(1):190-196,203.
[16] 滕长宇,郝芳,邹华耀,等.辽东湾坳陷JX1-1构造发育演化及油气勘探意义[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(3):599-611.TENG Changyu,HAO Fang,ZOU Huayao,et al.Development and evolution of the Structure JX1-1 in Liaodong Bay Depression and its significance in petroleum exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(3):599-611.
[17] 林卫东.印度河盆地含油气系统特征与成藏模式[J].天然气工业,2008,28(8):19-21.LIN Weidong.Features of petroleum system and patterns of hydrocarbon pooling in the Indus Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(8):19-21.
[18] 汤良杰,金之钧,张明利,等.柴达木盆地北缘构造演化与油气成藏阶段[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):36-39.TANG Liangjie,JIN Zhijun,ZHANG Mingli,et al.Tectonic evolution and oil(gas) pool-forming stage in northern Qaidam basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(2):36-39.
[19] 王云波,李洪革,沈亚,等.阿尔金山山前带东段构造特征与油气成藏的关系[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(1):156-161.WANG Yunbo,LI Hongge,SHEN Ya,et al.The relationship between structural features and hydrocarbon entrapment in the east part of Altyn Tagh piedmont[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(1):156-161.
[20] 郭倩,蒲仁海.塔里木盆地巴麦—塔中地区晚古生代古构造演化及油气成藏分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):317-325.GUO Qian,PU Renhai.Paleozoic ancient tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in Bamai-Tazhong area of Tarim basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(2):317-325.
[21] 陈旭,刘彩芹,王红梅,等.印度河盆地T区块构造特征与油气成藏[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1305-1314.CHEN Xu,LIU Caiqin,WANG Hongmei,et al.Tectonic characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Block T,Indus River Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(6):1305-1314.