摘要
比热是物质最基础的热力学性质,通过测量并研究物质低温比热不仅可以计算得到熵、焓、吉布斯自由能等热力学函数,还可以获得有关物质物理性质、能量、结构及相变的信息,为相关热力学问题的探索与研究提供重要依据.低温比热测量一般有绝热量热、交流量热和弛豫量热三种技术;其中弛豫量热因测试样品用量少、测量温区低、测量准确度高、操作方便、有商品化仪器可得等优点,已成为近些年来发展最快、应用最广泛的低温比热测量技术.为了使研究者们更全面地了解这种量热技术,本文详细介绍了弛豫量热技术的测量原理、发展历程以及测量技术的研究进展,并结合当前热门研究领域,简要概述了国内外学者利用弛豫量热技术测量材料低温比热并研究相关热力学性质的最新工作进展.
Specific heat is one of the most fundamental thermodynamic properties of substances. By measuring and studying low temperature specific heat, we can not only calculate the corresponding thermodynamic functions(e.g.,entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy), but also obtain the information of materials related to their physical properties,energetics, molecular structures and phase transitions. Therefore, specific heat measurement could establish an important basis for the research and exploration of relevant thermodynamic issues. Adiabatic, alternating-current and relaxation calorimetry are commonly used methods for the low temperature specific heat measurement. Relaxation calorimetry has become the most popular low temperature specific heat measurement method due to its small sample amounts, extremely low temperature measurement regions, high measurement accuracy, simple operation procedure and available commercial instruments. In this review, we presented a brief introduction about the measurement concept and development process of relaxation calorimetry, and reviewed the recent work on the specific heat measurement technique improvement and the related thermodynamic property investigation on materials using this calorimetric method.
引文
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