岩溶地区小城镇地下水资源多目标应急配置研究——以织金县为例
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摘要
以织金县珠藏向斜北段储水构造为例,依据混合整数线性规划和多目标线性规划原理,从保障应急水资源供给的角度构建了不同干旱条件下地下水资源多目标应急配置模型(E-MIP),并提出了2010-2030年的织金县城区地下水资源应急配置方案,结果表明:(1)珠藏背斜北部储水构造中裂隙-溶洞水的出露方式以地下河集中排泄为主,平均流量为62.04m~3·s~(-1),基岩-松散岩类孔隙泉则以分散排泄为主,平均流量仅2.14m~3·s~(-1);(2)干旱程度的加深不单纯限制了可利用水资源量,也直接刺激了用水效率和社会经济效益的提升,2010-2030年期间的织金县重度干旱缺水率比轻度干旱低21.25%,但其社会经济效益却增加了5.84倍;(3)应急地下水资源配置原则是优先保障居民生活用水需求,其次依据用水效率和权重次序对盈余地下水资源量进行产业化分配。进一步推算出了2020年、2025年织金县城区不同干旱状态下水资源应急配置方案。
In order to solve the problem of discrepancy between the water supply and water demand in urban area and to put forward an emergency allocation scheme for groundwater resources in karst areas under drought conditions.In this paper,we take Zhijin county north Zhucang water storage syncline structure as an example;and the runoff modulus method was used to simulate the development and utilization of the water resources in the study area.According to the principles of mixed integer linear programming and multi-objective linear programming,following the principle of "giving priority to the protection of domestic water and taking into account the maximization of economic benefits",a drought emergency allocation model for the resources at different targets,i.e.E-MIP(Emergency Multi-objective Integer Programming)model,was constructed and applied to the study area.As a result,the groundwater resources in the city of Zhijin county emergency scheme during 2010-2030 were put forward.The research result shows that,(1)In the north of Zhucang anticline,the exposed water from the fractured-karst aquifers mainly discharges through the underground river,with an average flow rate of 62.04 m~3·s~(-1);and in porous-fractured bedrock are springs mainly discharge groundwater in an manner of dispersion,with an average flow of only 2.14 m~3·s~(-1).(2)The elevated degree of drought not only restricts the amount of water resources used,but also directly stimulates and improve the water use efficiency and social and economic benefits.In the period of 2010-2030,the severe drought rate in Zhijin county was 21.25% which was lower than that of the mild drought,but its social and economic benefits increased by 5.84 times.Meanwhile,the supply and demand balance of groundwater resources under severe drought has changed from 35.68% surplus rate to 47.98% water shortage rate,but the GDP of Zhijin urban area was 47.96×108 yuan,rising to 280.27×108 yuan year by year.(3)The emergency allocation principle of groundwater resources is a priority to protect residents living water demand;secondly,according to the water use efficiency and the weight order,the distribution of the surplus groundwater resources is allocated;in addition,the emergency allocation scheme of water resources for the years of 2020 and 2030 in Zhijin was further predicted,respectively which has laid the foundation for improving the state of emergency under the rational and scientific use of resources.The above research indicates that with the increase of water use efficiency,the social and economic benefits of the allocation of groundwater resources in the northern part of Zhucang syncline will gradually increase,and domestic water will become the key object of emergency allocation of water resources,so that making the social benefits greatly exceed its economic benefits.
In order to solve the problem of discrepancy between the water supply and water demand in urban area and to put forward an emergency allocation scheme for groundwater resources in karst areas under drought conditions.In this paper,we take Zhijin county north Zhucang water storage syncline structure as an example;and the runoff modulus method was used to simulate the development and utilization of the water resources in the study area.According to the principles of mixed integer linear programming and multi-objective linear programming,following the principle of "giving priority to the protection of domestic water and taking into account the maximization of economic benefits",a drought emergency allocation model for the resources at different targets,i.e.E-MIP(Emergency Multi-objective Integer Programming)model,was constructed and applied to the study area.As a result,the groundwater resources in the city of Zhijin county emergency scheme during 2010-2030 were put forward.The research result shows that,(1)In the north of Zhucang anticline,the exposed water from the fractured-karst aquifers mainly discharges through the underground river,with an average flow rate of 62.04 m~3·s~(-1);and in porous-fractured bedrock are springs mainly discharge groundwater in an manner of dispersion,with an average flow of only 2.14 m~3·s~(-1).(2)The elevated degree of drought not only restricts the amount of water resources used,but also directly stimulates and improve the water use efficiency and social and economic benefits.In the period of 2010-2030,the severe drought rate in Zhijin county was 21.25% which was lower than that of the mild drought,but its social and economic benefits increased by 5.84 times.Meanwhile,the supply and demand balance of groundwater resources under severe drought has changed from 35.68% surplus rate to 47.98% water shortage rate,but the GDP of Zhijin urban area was 47.96×108 yuan,rising to 280.27×108 yuan year by year.(3)The emergency allocation principle of groundwater resources is a priority to protect residents living water demand;secondly,according to the water use efficiency and the weight order,the distribution of the surplus groundwater resources is allocated;in addition,the emergency allocation scheme of water resources for the years of 2020 and 2030 in Zhijin was further predicted,respectively which has laid the foundation for improving the state of emergency under the rational and scientific use of resources.The above research indicates that with the increase of water use efficiency,the social and economic benefits of the allocation of groundwater resources in the northern part of Zhucang syncline will gradually increase,and domestic water will become the key object of emergency allocation of water resources,so that making the social benefits greatly exceed its economic benefits.
引文
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[17]张宏伟,和夏冰,王媛.基于投入产出法的中国行业水资源消耗分析[J].资源科学,2011,33(7):1218-1224.
[18]甘泓,汪林,倪红珍,等.水经济价值计算方法评价研究[J].水利学报,2008,39(11):1160-1166.
[19]李良县,甘泓,汪林,等.水资源经济价值计算与分析[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(3):494-499.
[20]王世军,朱九龙,陶晓燕.基于不确定型AHP法的南水北调中线工程对河南省水源区经济影响评价[J].南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(3):17-20.
[21]高雅玉,张新民,于惠.GIS技术在陇东沟道雨洪资源可利用量分析中的应用[J].中国水利,2015(19):62-64.
[22]气象干旱等级,GB/T20481-2017[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2017:1-28.
[2]范宏喜.我国地下水资源与环境现状综述[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,36(2):147-149.
[3]Iftekhar M S,Fogarty J.Impact of water allocation strategies to manage groundwater resources in Western Australia:Equity and efficiency considerations[J].Journal of Hydrology,2017,548:145-156.
[4]黄一帆,刘俊民,姜鹏,等.基于Modflow的泾惠渠地下水动态及预测研究[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(2):273-278.
[5]粟晓玲,宋悦,刘俊民,等.耦合地下水模拟的渠井灌区水资源时空优化配置[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(13):43-51.
[6]Rahman M A,Hossain A,Schmidt S,et al.Optimization framework for groundwater resources allocation and use in a rural water resources management context[C]//Integrated Water Resources Management,2012.
[7]Chatterjee R,Purohit R R.Estimation of replenishable groundwater resources of India and their status of utilization[J].Current Science,2009,96(12):1581-1591.
[8]李朦,解建仓,杨柳,等.基于蚁群-粒子群混合算法的水资源优化配置研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(1):229-234.
[9]何国华,解建仓,汪妮,等.基于模拟退火遗传算法的水资源优化配置研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(6):196-202.
[10]黄显峰,邵东国,顾文权,等.基于多目标混沌优化算法的水资源配置研究[J].水利学报,2008,39(2):183-188.
[11]杨改强,郭萍,李睿环,等.基于排队理论的灌区渠系地表水及地下水优化配置模型[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(6):115-120.
[12]Loo S L,Fane A G,Krantz W B,et al.Emergency water supply:A review of potential technologies and selection criteria[J].Water Research,2012,46(10):3125-3151.
[13]Wada Y,Wisser D,Bierkens M F P.Global modeling of withdrawal,allocation and consumptive use of surface water and groundwater resources[J].Earth System Dynamics,2014,4(1):355-392.
[14]尹尚先,韩永,常浩宇,等.邯邢矿区岩溶水资源优化配置研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(8):29-34.
[15]宋小庆,彭钦.贵州织金县城岩溶地下水脆弱性评价[J].贵州地质,2012,29(2):99-103.
[16]黄旭.大连市水资源合理配置及其方案综合评价研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2008.
[17]张宏伟,和夏冰,王媛.基于投入产出法的中国行业水资源消耗分析[J].资源科学,2011,33(7):1218-1224.
[18]甘泓,汪林,倪红珍,等.水经济价值计算方法评价研究[J].水利学报,2008,39(11):1160-1166.
[19]李良县,甘泓,汪林,等.水资源经济价值计算与分析[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(3):494-499.
[20]王世军,朱九龙,陶晓燕.基于不确定型AHP法的南水北调中线工程对河南省水源区经济影响评价[J].南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(3):17-20.
[21]高雅玉,张新民,于惠.GIS技术在陇东沟道雨洪资源可利用量分析中的应用[J].中国水利,2015(19):62-64.
[22]气象干旱等级,GB/T20481-2017[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2017:1-28.