新疆西准噶尔地区不同尺度地质构造的遥感标识特征及找矿意义
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摘要
哈图金矿、包古图斑岩型铜金钼矿、杨庄铍铀矿及加曼钼钨铜矿等大型矿床的相继发现,使西准噶尔地区的地质找矿工作备受关注。作为重点研究对象,西准噶尔地区的地质构造研究已获得大量成果。但是,该区地域辽阔且地质构造较为复杂,传统的地质学研究方法不可能快速、有效和完全准确的解决地质构造的空间分布及规模等问题。利用多种分辨率的卫星遥感数据,通过遥感标识体系的建立能够客观、准确获取不同尺度地质构造的空间位置及规模。宏观和中等尺度的断裂构造均以明显的直线或弧形等形态特征、光谱特征(色调差异)及断层谷地、断层陡坎等地貌特征为主要标识,但侧重点有所不同;微观尺度即矿集区尺度的断裂构造地貌上为笔直的短小沟谷,常常需用弱信息挖掘方法才能突出构造的线性信息。通过独特的形态特征可快速识别褶皱构造。根据环形影像特征、色调差异及环形水系特征可识别不同尺度的岩体和(或)隐伏岩体。因此,地质构造的遥感识别可为地质构造演化及成矿构造背景分析提供科学依据;为西准噶尔地区成矿带(亚带)划分、遥感找矿模型的建立及高效圈定靶区等提供准确的空间信息依据。
The Hatu gold,Baogutu porphyry copper,Yangzhuang beryllium and Suyunhe-Jiaman molybdenum and tungsten copper deposits in the western Junggar area,which were discovered in the last decades,have drawn the attention of many geologists. However,even though progresses have made in the geological structure investigations(especially the fault structure),the accurate spatial distribution and scales of the geological structures are not well documented due to the vast territory and its extreme complexity. Through establishing remote sensing marks,the geological structures could be identified rapidly,effectively and accurately. However,the identification marks vary for the geological structures at different scales. The main marks of the macro-scale fault structures have evident linear tracks(straight line or arc),spectral characteristics and geomorphological features(broken belt,wide fault valley and fault scarp). In addition,the macro-scale fault structures control the divisions of the first-class landform unit and metallogenic belt,and the boundaries of large plutons and lakes. The middle-scale fault structures can mainly be identified through evident straight linear track,the hue difference between the two-side coverings of the fault,some landform signs(wide fault valley et al.) They control the second-class landform units and sub-metallogenic belts. The micro-scale fault structures have evident geomorphological features(including short-straight fault valley and scarp) and can be identified more easily after enhancing weak linear information. Of course,the fold structures also have clear morphological features. The remote sensing imagery characters of the plutons and concealed plutons at different scales include evident circular image feature,the hue difference and radial river features. The remote sensing identification of the geological structures can provide scientific basis for the analysis of geological structure evolution and metallogenic background and can guide the establishment of remote sensing prospecting models. It can give more accurate spatial information of the geological structures for remote sensing prospecting target delineation.
The Hatu gold,Baogutu porphyry copper,Yangzhuang beryllium and Suyunhe-Jiaman molybdenum and tungsten copper deposits in the western Junggar area,which were discovered in the last decades,have drawn the attention of many geologists. However,even though progresses have made in the geological structure investigations(especially the fault structure),the accurate spatial distribution and scales of the geological structures are not well documented due to the vast territory and its extreme complexity. Through establishing remote sensing marks,the geological structures could be identified rapidly,effectively and accurately. However,the identification marks vary for the geological structures at different scales. The main marks of the macro-scale fault structures have evident linear tracks(straight line or arc),spectral characteristics and geomorphological features(broken belt,wide fault valley and fault scarp). In addition,the macro-scale fault structures control the divisions of the first-class landform unit and metallogenic belt,and the boundaries of large plutons and lakes. The middle-scale fault structures can mainly be identified through evident straight linear track,the hue difference between the two-side coverings of the fault,some landform signs(wide fault valley et al.) They control the second-class landform units and sub-metallogenic belts. The micro-scale fault structures have evident geomorphological features(including short-straight fault valley and scarp) and can be identified more easily after enhancing weak linear information. Of course,the fold structures also have clear morphological features. The remote sensing imagery characters of the plutons and concealed plutons at different scales include evident circular image feature,the hue difference and radial river features. The remote sensing identification of the geological structures can provide scientific basis for the analysis of geological structure evolution and metallogenic background and can guide the establishment of remote sensing prospecting models. It can give more accurate spatial information of the geological structures for remote sensing prospecting target delineation.
引文
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